Adpative Relaying

1. P r e s e n t e d b y,
S H O E B . S . G U N WA N
8 T H S E M

2.  What is relay
 Operating principles
 Types of relay
 Electromagnetic Relay
 Solid-state Relays (SSRs)
 Microprocessor-based digital relay
 Characteristics
 Applications
 Relay Purpose
 Future Scope
 Advantages & Disadvantages
 Conclusion

3. A relay is a
automatic device
which senses an
abnormal condition
of electric circuit
and send a command
to circuit breaker
to closes its
contacts.

4.  There are only two fundamentally
different operating principles,
 Electromagnetic attraction
 Electromagnetic induction
 Electromagnetic attraction relays operate by virtue of
a plunger being drawn into a solenoid.
 Electromagnetic induction relays use the principle of
the induction motor whereby torque is developed by
induction in a rotor.

5. there are basically three types of relays they are
as follows:
Electromagnetic Relay
Solid State Relay
Microcontroller Based Relay

7. Attraction Armature
type of Relay

8. SSR’susesemiconductor outputinsteadofmechanical
contacts toswitchthecircuit.
Theoutputdeviceisoptically-coupled toan LED light
sourceinsidetherelay.
TherelayisturnedonbyenergizingthisLED,usuallywith
low-voltage

9. Relay is connected to Overhead
transmission line

10. Reliability
Selectivity
Speed
Sensitivity
Higher Accuracy

11. • Proactive load shedding.
• Multi-terminal distances relay coverage.
• Fault type changing speed of operation.
• Load flow compensation.
• Variable breaker failure problems.
• Adaptive reclosing.
• Permissive reclosing.

12. History
.
Performance
1900 years 1960 1975
2000
Electromechanical Relays
Microprocesso
r-
Based Relays
(Digital)
Static
Relays
Electronic
Circuits
Digital ICs
(mP,DSP,ADC,)
Digital Proc.
Algorithms Digital ICs
(mP,DSP,ADC
, neuro-IC
fuzzy-IC)
AI-based
Methods
Communication
Facility
AI-Based
Relays
(Intelligent)

13.  It provides isolation Between controlling
circuit from controlled circuit.
 Control high voltage system with low voltage.
 Control high current system with low current.
 Logic Functions

15.  Electromagnetic Relays (EMRs)
 Simplicity
Not expensive
Mechanical Wear
 Solid-stateRelays (SSRs)
No Mechanical movements
 FasterthanEMR
 No sparking between contacts
 Microprocessor-based Relay
Much higherprecision and more reliable and durable.
Improve thereliability andpower quality ofelectrical power
systems before, during andafter faults occur.
Capable ofboth digital andanalog I/O.
 Highercost

16.  Relays control output circuits
of a much higher power.
 Safety is increased
 Protective relays are essential
for keeping faults in the
system isolated and keep
equipment from being damaged.

17. AnyQueries…