This document is all about critical reading.

1. TASK 1:
•Critical reading is a more ACTIVE way of reading. It is a deeper and
more complex engagement with a text. Critical reading is a process of
analyzing, interpreting and, sometimes, evaluating. When we read
critically, we use our critical thinking skills to QUESTION both the text
and our own reading of it.
•Critical reading means that a reader applies certain processes, models,
questions, and theories that result in enhanced clarity and
comprehension. There is more involved, both in effort and
understanding, in a critical reading than in a mere "skimming" of the
text. What is the difference? If a reader "skims" the text, superficial
characteristics and information are as far as the reader goes. A critical
reading gets at "deep structure", that is, logical consistency, tone,
organization, and a number of other very important sounding terms.
•Critical reading is a form of language analysis that does not take the
given text at face value, but involves a deeper examination of the
claims put forth as well as the supporting points and possible
counterarguments. The ability to reinterpret and reconstruct for
improved clarity and readability is also a component of critical reading.
The identification of possible ambiguities and flaws in the author's
reasoning, in addition to the ability to address them comprehensively,
are essential to this process. Critical reading, much like academic
writing, requires the linkage of evidential points to corresponding
arguments.
•To read critically, you must think critically. This involves analysis,
interpretation, and evaluation. Each of these processes helps you to

2. interact with the text in different ways: highlighting important points
and examples, taking notes, testing answers to your questions,
brainstorming, outlining, describing aspects of the text or argument,
reflecting on your own reading and thinking, raising objections to the
ideas or evidence presented, etc.
•The aim of critical reading is not to find fault, but to assess the
strength of the evidence and the argument. It is just as useful to
conclude that a study, or an article, presents very strong evidence and a
well-reasoned argument, as it is to identify the studies or articles that
are weak.
TASK 2:
1. Textual Evidence
Textual evidence deals with facts in writing and the strategies used to
figure out whether or not the information is factual. Textual evidence
comes into play when an author presents a position or thesis and uses
evidence to support the claims. That evidence can come in a number of
different forms.
Citing textual evidence requires students to look back into the text for
evidence to support an idea, answer a question or make a claim. Citing
evidence requires students to think more deeply about the text,
analyze the author, source etc. Students also need to practice finding
strong evidence to support their ideas.
If you are writing an essay about a book, speech, play, or other written
document, you may need to use textual evidence to support your thesis.
Whenever you use textual evidence, you need to be specific about
where you found this evidence in the text. You should include page

3. numbers and other information to guide the reader in verifying your
evidence. You should also directly state why this evidence is important
and what it proves.
Here are some textual evidence examples you might use in an essay:
▪Direct quotations from a book or other text source
▪Accurate summaries of what happened or was said in the text
▪Larger passages that relate directly to the thesis of your essay
▪Paraphrases of what the author says in the text
2. Assertion
When someone makes a statement investing his strong belief in it, as if
it is true, though it may not be, he is making an assertion. Assertion is a
stylistic approach or technique involving a strong declaration, a forceful
or confident and positive statement regarding a belief or a fact. Often,
it is without proof or any support. Its purpose is to express ideas or
feelings directly, for instance, “I have put my every effort to complete
this task today.”

4. Types of Assertion
Assertion has four types, including:
●Basic Assertion
It is a simple and straightforward statement for expressing feelings,
opinions, and beliefs such as:
▪“I wish I could have expressed this idea earlier, because now someone
else has taken the credit.”
▪“Excuse me, first I want to finish my work, then I shall go with you.”
●Emphatic Assertion
It conveys sympathy to someone, and usually has two parts: the first
encompasses recognition of the feelings or situations of the other
person, and the second is a statement that shows support for the other
person’s viewpoint, feelings, or rights such as:
▪“I understand you are busy, and me too, but it is difficult for me to
finish this project on my own. So, I want you to help me complete this
project.”
▪“I know this is making you angry and frustrated because you have not
gotten a response yet. But I can help you by giving you an estimate of
how long it might take.”
●Escalating Assertion

5. It occurs when someone is not able to give a response to a person’s
basic assertions, and therefore that person becomes firm about him or
her such as:
▪“If you do not finish this work by 6:00 tonight, I I will engage the
services of another worker.”
▪“I really want to finish this point before you start yours.”
●Language Assertion
It involves the first person pronoun “I,” and is useful for expressing
negative feelings. Nevertheless, it constructively lays emphasis on a
person’s feelings of anger such as:
▪“When you speak harshly, I cannot work with you because I feel
annoyed. Therefore, I want you to speak nicely and then assign me a
task.”
▪“When I don’t get enough sleep, it affects my nerves and I feel irritated.
Therefore, I try to go to bed earlier.”
3. Counterclaims
Counterclaims are a claim bought against the Plaintiff by the Defendant
in a lawsuit. It is typically filed as part of a Defendant's answer to the
original claim. Counterclaim can contain a variety of material ranging
from accusation of fraudulent activity to claims which would preempt
any attempt at suit.
In a court of law, a party's claim is a counterclaim if one partyasserts
claims in response to the claims of another. In other words, if a plaintiff
initiates a lawsuit and a defendant responds to the lawsuit with claims

6. of his or her own against the plaintiff, the defendant’s claims are
“counterclaims.”
TASK 3:
♢Resume
Essential features of a powerful resume:
1. Well organized: It should be well organized and integrated to present
one’s career aspirations in the field, and showing interest in the offer,
as a part of accomplishment of long term career objective.
2. Short and Precise: It should be written in short sentences and
Paragraphs.
3. Unique: Giving generalized details won't help much. By creating a
unique resume dealing with organization specific requirements, one
can attract employer’s attention. It needs to cover all remarkable
academic achievements to create an extra advantage.
Overall Tips
• Resumé should only be one page
•DO NOT use full sentences
•Quantify your experiences
• If early in academic career, include high school information
♢Application for College Admission
In general, a great application will have most or all of the following
elements:

7. •A high GPA (relative to what admitted students have) and a rigorous
curriculum
•Strong test scores (relative to what admitted students have)
•A specific, honest, and well-written personal statement
•A unique extracurricular interest or passion (a "spike," as we like to
call it)
•Volunteering experience with measurable impact
The Application
Personal Information– Input your name, email address, phone number,
high school, college credits already earned, standardized test scores,
citizenship information, etc.
Extracurriculars– Explain what you’ve done outside of class, and how
much time you devoted to it. In addition to traditional extracurricular
activities, remember to include part-time jobs or other obligations like
taking care of siblings.
Summer Activities- Explain summer jobs, internships, or other
enrichment opportunities.
Essays – Submit the essays that you’ve written.
♢Application for employment
Here is a list of the common job application requirements:
1. Birth Certificate – You may obtain a copy of this from the National
Statistic’s Office or more commonly known as NSO.

8. 2. Transcript of Records – You can request this from the secondary
school, college, or university where you graduated from. This shows
your academic performance when you were still schooling.
3. SSS ID – You may obtain this from the Social Security System or more
commonly called SSS, a social insurance program ran by the
government.
Features Of Employment Application Forms
•Relevant skills and experience should be included
Read carefully what the employer is asking for and make sure to
mention all the skills that you have and the experience. Show evidence
that you have the skills that the company is looking for will make an
impact to stand out from the rest.
•Show your personality
Though education is paramount, you should also understand that
nothing stands out like a person character. As well as having good
papers employers will go for candidates that show they are capable of
working with their team members in getting the job done. What does
candidate outside the workplace will give an employee an idea of who
the candidate is outside the workplace?
•States the achievements
The employment application form will be the first thing that the
employers have that will make them have an understanding of who you
are as a person. So sell the achievement that you have, don’t waste the

9. chance. While selling your results is a great start, you will need to stand
out from the others.
♢Various forms of Office Correspondence
There are different kinds of business correspondence that are typically
used in organizations. The 5 most common types of business
correspondence include internal correspondence, external
correspondence, sales correspondence, personalized correspondence,
and circulars.
Purpose of Office Correspondence:
▪Serving a notice to the office personnel.
▪Serving a notice to the individual person. ...
▪Serving an order either to the entire department or to the individual
employee in the office.
▪Serving an instruction either to the department or to an individual
working in the department.
Tips and Templates for Effective Correspondence!
1.The first sentence should get right to the point. Do not ramble.
2.Use short and concise sentences to express your ideas.
3.This is a method of official communication so practice standard
format and avoid slang.