Action theory is a framework in sociology and psychology that explains human behavior through individual actions and motivations, emphasizing subjective understanding. Key contributors include Max Weber and Talcott Parsons, with core concepts like four types of social actions and the AGIL framework. Despite some criticisms regarding its focus on individual decision-making, action theory is crucial for analyzing personal and societal behaviors.

1. Action Theory
Understanding the Concepts of Human Behavior and Social
Actions

2. Introduction to Action Theory
Definition:
Action Theory is a framework in sociology and psychology that
explains human behavior based on individual actions and their
motivations.
Key Contributors:
Max Weber (Sociology)
Talcott Parsons (Social System Theory)

3. Importance of Action Theory
Why is it important?
Helps understand individual behavior in social contexts.
Analyzes the reasons and meanings behind people's actions.

4. Core Concepts of Action Theory
• Four types of social actions (Max Weber):
1. Rational Purposeful Action – Goal-oriented actions.
2. Value-rational Action – Actions guided by values.
3. Affective Action – Actions driven by emotions.
4. Traditional Action – Actions dictated by customs and
traditions.

5. The Role of Subjectivity
•Subjective Understanding:
•Importance of understanding individual
perspectives and the meanings they give to their
actions.
•Example: A person choosing a career not just for
income but for personal fulfillment.

6. Talcott Parsons’ AGIL Framework
• The AGIL Framework:
1. Adaptation: Adjusting to the environment.
2. Goal Attainment: Defining and achieving objectives.
3. Integration: Ensuring harmony among systems.
4. Latency (Pattern Maintenance): Preserving culture and
values over time.

7. Rational Choice Theory
•Definition:
• Individuals weigh costs and benefits before making
decisions.
•Example:
• Deciding to invest in education for future economic
returns.

8. Application of Action Theory
•In Society:
• Helps in understanding different professions, social
movements, and cultural traditions.
•In Organizations:
• Managers use Action Theory to predict employee
behavior based on motivation.

9. Criticisms of Action Theory
•Limitations:
•Overemphasis on individual decision-making.
•Sometimes ignores larger social structures
influencing behavior.

10. Conclusion
•Summary:
• Action Theory bridges the gap between individual actions
and social systems.
• Important for understanding both personal and societal
levels of behavior.