ITFT--Acoustics
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This document discusses noise control and acoustics. It defines noise control as strategies to reduce noise pollution or impact, both outdoors and indoors, particularly from machines, transportation, and aircraft. It also discusses room criteria (RC) and noise criteria (NC) for measuring background noise in buildings, as well as speech interference level (SIL) for measuring sound pressure levels that can interfere with speech comprehension.
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As a case study, we report a novel acoustic side channel attack against a commercial DNA synthesizer, a commonly used instrument in fields such as synthetic biology. Using a smart phone-quality microphone placed on or in the near vicinity of a DNA synthesizer, we were able to determine with 88.07% accuracy the sequence of DNA being produced; using a database of biologically relevant known-sequences, we increased the accuracy of our model to 100%. An academic or industrial research project may use the synthetic DNA to engineer an organism with desired traits or functions; however, while the organism is still under development, prior to publication, patent, and/or copyright, the research remains vulnerable to academic intellectual property theft and/or industrial espionage. On the other hand, this attack could also be used for benevolent purposes, for example, to determine whether a suspected criminal or terrorist is engineering a harmful pathogen. Thus, it is essential to recognize both the benefits and risks inherent to the cyber-physical systems that will inevitably control Industry 4.0 manufacturing processes and to take steps to mitigate them whenever possible.
Noise control
This document discusses noise control measures for HVAC systems. It begins by outlining the effects of noise on humans and some common mistakes in noise control. It then describes basic noise control methods like absorption, damping, decoupling, mass, and flow control. Specific examples of decoupling measures like resilient channels, clips, and hangers are provided. The document also includes a case study of noise control applied to an HVAC system, identifying common noise sources and effective control approaches like equipment location, sealing, isolation, attenuation, and ductwork design. Active noise control is discussed as a supplement to traditional passive methods.
Acoustic Testing of HVAC Products - What is tested and why is it important?
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Noise pollution
Noise pollution refers to the production of unwanted, annoying or damaging sounds. Common sources include street traffic, construction, airplanes, and consumer products. The normal level of tolerance is 80dbA, with sounds above or below this level considered noise pollution. Exposure to excessive noise can damage hair cells in the ear and lead to hearing loss over time. Noise pollution also negatively impacts humans, vegetation, animals and property. Control methods include reducing noise at the source, blocking transmission paths, and using protective equipment. Legislation regulates noise limits for different zones.
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ITFT--Acoustics
- 3. NOISE CONTROL • set of strategies to reduce noise pollution or to reduce the impact of noise, whether outdoors or indoors. • The main areas of noise mitigation are machines transportation systems Air craft trains motor vehicles
- 4. Noise Criteria In Buildings Room Criteria (RC) Noise Criteria (NC) The Speech Interference Level (SIL)
- 5. ROOM CRITERIA (background noise in a building over the frequency range 16 Hz to 4000 Hz)
- 7. NOISE CRITERIA • Noise Criterion - NC - were established in U.S. for rating indoor noise, noise from air- conditioning equipment etc. • The method consists of a set of criteria curves extending from 63 to 8000 Hz, and a tangency rating procedure
- 10. Speech Interference Level (SIL) • Speech Interference Level (SIL) is an acoustical parameter calculated from sound pressure levels measured in octave bands. • sound pressure levels in three or four octave bands in the 500 Hz - 4 kHz frequency range
- 11. sound vibration
- 12. Sound •A disturbance in an elastic medium resulting in an audible sensation. Noise is by definition “unwanted sound”.
- 13. Vibration • A disturbance in a solid elastic medium which may produce a detectable motion
- 14. UNITS OF ACOUSTICS • The basic unit of level in acoustics is the “decibel” (abbreviated dB). In acoustics, the term “level” is used to designated that the quantity is referred to some reference value, which is either stated or implied.