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How can we reduce the risk of
primary and secondary ACL injury?
A review of recent literature
By Mick Hughes
(Grad. Cert. Sports Physio, B. Physio, B. Ex. Sci.)
Overview
• ACL mechanism of injury
• ACL Pathophysiology
• Pre-op ACL rehab
• Post-op ACL rehab
• 2nd ACL injuries
• Neuromuscular training programs
Mechanisms of Injury – Non-Contact
Mechanism of Injury – Indirect Contact
Mechanism of Injury - Contact
Pathophysiology Of ACL Injury
• Typical: Valgus stress (landing, cutting, lateral contact)
– Non-contact ACL injuries occur within 30–50 m/sec from initial
contact of the foot onto the ground during sports movements
• Atypical: Hyperextension mechanism of injury
• “Pop” or “crack”
• Immediate pain – most likely unable to play on
• Swelling within 2 hours (haemathrosis)
• Instability
• Can also injure MCL and medial meniscus – “Angry Triad”
• Cartilage defect and bone bruising  Slow rehab
ACL – Who is Most at Risk?
ACL Injury – The Most Common
• Female athletes are 2-8x more likely to sustain
ACL injury than males (Hilibrand et al., 2015)
• Peak incidence F: 14-18yrs, M: 19-25 yrs
(Sanders et al., 2016)
• Non-contact injuries: 70-85% of all ACL tears
(Walden et al., 2015)
ACL on MRI
ACL Presentation
• To access the full 80min presentation and
recording, head over to
www.mickhughes.physio and click on ACL
LECTURE.
• Follow the 3 simple steps to access, and
ENJOY!!
• I hope you enjoy the content presented and
learn something valuable to help your ACL
patient outcomes.

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ACL Presentation: How to Reduce the Risk of Primary & Secondary Injuries

  • 1. How can we reduce the risk of primary and secondary ACL injury? A review of recent literature By Mick Hughes (Grad. Cert. Sports Physio, B. Physio, B. Ex. Sci.)
  • 2. Overview • ACL mechanism of injury • ACL Pathophysiology • Pre-op ACL rehab • Post-op ACL rehab • 2nd ACL injuries • Neuromuscular training programs
  • 3. Mechanisms of Injury – Non-Contact
  • 4. Mechanism of Injury – Indirect Contact
  • 6. Pathophysiology Of ACL Injury • Typical: Valgus stress (landing, cutting, lateral contact) – Non-contact ACL injuries occur within 30–50 m/sec from initial contact of the foot onto the ground during sports movements • Atypical: Hyperextension mechanism of injury • “Pop” or “crack” • Immediate pain – most likely unable to play on • Swelling within 2 hours (haemathrosis) • Instability • Can also injure MCL and medial meniscus – “Angry Triad” • Cartilage defect and bone bruising  Slow rehab
  • 7. ACL – Who is Most at Risk?
  • 8. ACL Injury – The Most Common • Female athletes are 2-8x more likely to sustain ACL injury than males (Hilibrand et al., 2015) • Peak incidence F: 14-18yrs, M: 19-25 yrs (Sanders et al., 2016) • Non-contact injuries: 70-85% of all ACL tears (Walden et al., 2015)
  • 10. ACL Presentation • To access the full 80min presentation and recording, head over to www.mickhughes.physio and click on ACL LECTURE. • Follow the 3 simple steps to access, and ENJOY!! • I hope you enjoy the content presented and learn something valuable to help your ACL patient outcomes.