The document discusses academic freedom in the Philippines according to the country's constitutions. It states that the 1935, 1973, and 1987 constitutions all protect academic freedom for institutions of higher learning. The 1987 constitution specifically protects four essential freedoms of institutional academic freedom: who may teach, what may be taught, who may be admitted to study, and how instruction will be carried out. The document also outlines elements of academic freedom, including freedom of discussion and expression for faculty members.

1. ACADEMIC
FREEDOM
The 1935 Constitution
The 1973 Constitution
The 1987 Constitution
of the Philippines
E315 EDUCATION AND THE
LAW
CECILIA DC. ROQUE
MAED - CI
What
is
Academic
Freedom
Elements
of
Academic
Freedom
Academic
Freedom
of
the
School
Academic
Freedom
of
Faculty
Members

2. What
is
Academic
Freedom
Elements
of
Academic
Freedom
Academic
Freedom
of
the
School
Academic
Freedom
of
Faculty
Members
Academic freedom is the
freedom of teachers,
students, and academic
institutions to pursue
knowledge wherever it may
lead, without undue or
unreasonable interference.

3. What
is
Academic
Freedom
Elements
of
Academic
Freedom
Academic
Freedom
of
the
School
Academic
Freedom
of
Faculty
Members
• Academic freedom means that
both faculty members and
students can engage in
intellectual debate without fear
or censorship or retaliation.
• Academic freedom means that the
political, religious or
philosophical beliefs of
politicians, administrators, and
members of the public cannot be
imposed on students or faculty.

4. What
is
Academic
Freedom
Elements
of
Academic
Freedom
Academic
Freedom
of
the
School
Academic
Freedom
of
Faculty
Members
• Academic freedom gives faculty
members and students the right
to seek redress or request a
hearing if they believe their rights
have been violated.
• Academic freedom gives faculty
members substantial latitude in
deciding how to teach the courses
for which they are responsible.

5. What
is
Academic
Freedom
Elements
of
Academic
Freedom
Academic
Freedom
of
the
School
Academic
Freedom
of
Faculty
Members
Academic Freedom
• The 1935 Constitution,
“Universities established by
the state shall enjoy academic
freedom.”
Article XIII, Section 5

6. What
is
Academic
Freedom
Elements
of
Academic
Freedom
Academic
Freedom
of
the
School
Academic
Freedom
of
Faculty
Members
• The 1973 Constitution,
“All institutions of higher
learning shall enjoy academic
freedom.”
Article XV, Section 8.2

7. What
is
Academic
Freedom
Elements
of
Academic
Freedom
Academic
Freedom
of
the
School
Academic
Freedom
of
Faculty
Members
Academic freedom for higher
education institution is
provided by the 1987
Constitution of the
Philippines: “Academic
freedom shall be enjoyed in
all institutions of higher
learning”
Article XIV. Sec. 5.2.

8. What
is
Academic
Freedom
Elements
of
Academic
Freedom
Academic
Freedom
of
the
School
Academic
Freedom
of
Faculty
Members
(4) who may be admitted to
study
(2) what may be taught
(3) how it shall teach
(1) who may teach
Under the 1987
Constitution, institutional
academic freedom
consists of four essential
freedoms

9. What
is
Academic
Freedom
Elements
of
Academic
Freedom
Academic
Freedom
of
the
School
Academic
Freedom
of
Faculty
Members
Section 13. Rights of Schools
1. The right of their governing
boards or lawful authorities to
provide for the proper
governance of the school and to
adopt and enforce
administrative or management
systems.
2. The right for institutions of
higher learning to determine on
academic grounds who shall be
admitted to study, who may
teach, and what shall be subjects
of the study and research.

10. What
is
Academic
Freedom
Elements
of
Academic
Freedom
Academic
Freedom
of
the
School
Academic
Freedom
of
Faculty
Members
 Freedom to discuss
disciplines/sciences to their
students and express their
works through academic
publications.
 it includes the right to choose
the preferred teaching
methods, learning-processes,
materials, and other aids as
long as it does not violate
basic norms of conduct and
morality

11. • Defining Academic Freedom | Inside Higher Ed. (2010). Insidehighered.com.
https://www.insidehighered.com/views/2010/12/21/defining-academic-freedom
• Tabora, J., & S.J. (2021, January 26). Academic Freedom in the Philippines. Notes. Fr. Joel E. Tabora, S.J. Blog.
https://taborasj.wordpress.com/2021/01/26/academic-freedom-in-the-philippines-notes/
• Academic freedom - New World Encyclopedia. (n.d.). Www.newworldencyclopedia.org.
https://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Academic_freedom
• Examining Legal Issues in Higher Education: A Survey of Jurisprudence Atty. Adonis P. Sulit Assistant Secretary 2019 Region 1
Higher Education Thought Leaders’ Conference. (n.d.). https://chedro1.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/CHEDRegion1-Legal-
atty-adonis-sulit.pdf
• THE 1987 CONSTITUTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES – ARTICLE XIV | GOVPH. (n.d.). Official Gazette of the Republic
of the Philippines. https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/constitutions/the-1987-constitution-of-the-republic-of-the-philippines/the-
1987-constitution-of-the-republic-of-the-philippines-article-xiv/#:~:text=(2)%20Academic%20freedom%20shall%20be
• B.P. 232. (n.d.). Www.lawphil.net. https://www.lawphil.net/statutes/bataspam/bp1982/bp_232_1982.html
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