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1. Pond Dynamics
and Balance

2. Water Quality Factors
1. Dissolved oxygen
2. Alkalinity
3. Hardness
4. pH

3. Dissolved Oxygen
1. Action of wind, waves
(surface)
2. Photosynthesis from
aquatic plants
3. Aerators

4. Dissolved Oxygen
1. Colder water holds more dissolved
oxygen
2. Different species of fish have
different D.O. requirements.
3. Dissolved oxygen
changes throughout the day
and night
Time of Day
Dissolved
Oxygen
Sunrise Sunset Sunrise

5. Alkalinity, hardness, and pH
1. These factors depend on
conditions of surrounding watershed
2. Should have pH that’s between
6.5 and 9
3. Should have an alkalinity and
hardness of at least 20 ppm
These factors can be
changed by liming the pond.
They promote the growth of
algae and other fish foods.

6. Pond Food Chain
Nutrients
(fertilizer)
Algae and
phytoplankton Small fish eat
algae
Big fish eat
small fish
Man harvests
fish

7. Pond Balance
Based on maintaining food chain
Nutrients, water quality factors
Prey fish
Predator fish
Regular fish harvest