Crawford University currently receives most student complaints through letters, which is also its preferred channel. However, the university wants to promote electronic channels like email and web forms to reduce costs. A past study found that students at Crawford most often complain about billing, electricity, and other social facilities, and that money is a main motivator for complaining. While electronic channels may not replace traditional channels completely in the near future, letters and faxes are expected to decline if Crawford can offer a reliable and effective online complaint system. Students see online complaining as mainly a substitute for written communication, so the electronic channel can be viewed as complementary to options like phone or in-person complaints.