This document discusses strategies for domesticating Allanblackia species, an underexploited high-value tree crop for Africa. It details the uses, production levels, oil properties and demand for Allanblackia oil. Wild harvesting is unsustainable, so domestication is needed. A public-private partnership is working on domestication, including germplasm collection, propagation methods, integration into farming systems, and market development. Sensitization of farmers is important for their participation. Research is exploring seed germination, vegetative propagation, genetic variation and setting up genebanks and mother blocks for domestication of multiple Allanblackia species.
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Tree domestication strategies for Allanblackia species; a potential high valued tree crop for Africa
1. Tree domestication strategies for Allanblackia
species; a potential high valued tree crop for
Africa
D. Ofori, M. Munjuga, E. Asaah, Zac.
Tchoundjeu,T. Peprah, R. Jamnadass,T.
Simons
ICRAF Seminar – 15th January 2013
2.
3.
4. Uses of Allanblackia spp.
Region Community Oil Medicine Shade Timber
BA A. Kwahu
BA A. Kyenkyenhene + +
BA K. Adjeikrom + +
ER Kyebi Apapam +
ER K. Adadientem +
WR Bisaaso +
WR Nkrankrom +
WR Kamaso + +
WR Manso Amenfi + +
6. Oil properties
High content of stearic and oleic acids
Begins to melt > 35oC
Requires less processing
7. Demand for Allanblackia oil
Huge market for Allanblackia oil
Received EU certification as safe in food
Current demand exceeds 100,000 t/year
Unilever ≈ 30,000- 40,000 t/yr
Current supply is only about 210t oil/yr
Wild harvesting unsustainable
Need for domestication
8. PPP - Novella partnership
SNV: Facilitation of stakeholder collaboration
UNILEVER: Funding & market development
ICRAF: Domestication (selection, propagation & germplasm
conservation),
Novel International: Supply chain, marketing, multiplication
and distribution
IUCN: Best practices for biodiversity conservation
Farmers: Production in smallholder agroforestry systems
NARS
RSSDA, FORM Ghana
MSBP, MTU, SLU
Nutriswish
9. Main components of AB domestication
Sensitization and encouragement of farmers to
participate in AB domestication
Range-wide germplasm collection, development of
propagation methods and gene conservation
Ecology, abundance and sustainable harvesting
Integration of AB in farming systems and Agroforestry
development
Facilitate development of marketing networks and
supply chain
11. Participatory tree domestication
Farmer participation in survey
to identify and selection of
good mother stocks
Boosts up the interest of
farmers to implement
domestication programmes
12. Reproductive biology
Female flowers
•Real genetic differences?
•Quality of oil?
•Quantity of oil?
Male flowers
14. Diversity in fruit size – 58 trees selected
Axis 2
NEN 4
NEN 6
NK 2
TIA 14
WA 4 MH3
WAM K 5
GB 10 TIA 7
NB 3 DB 2
NEN 16 NEN 21 TIA 3 NK 9 AK 2
TIA 17 K5
TIA 2 NK 7 TIA 6 DB 4 GB 12
LAHO 2
NEN 9 NK 6 MH1 NEN 22
WR 11 AY 1 TIA 4 MN 3 WAM K 14 B 21
WAM K 1 NZA 40 NB 1 SA 1 NZA 2
SA 48 NZA 24 DB 9
NEN 19 B 4 NZA 1 B 22 K 2 B 17
NEN 14 MH4
MA 4
DM 4
NZA 3
NEN 27 M N 1 NEN 18 2
KW
WAM K 8
M H 2 M N 4 LAHO 4
ASN 11
TIA 9
WAM K 3
LAHO 3 WAM K 15
Axis 1
B1 GB 34 NZA 11
AK 1 NEN 29 OT 7 LAHO 5 NEN 20
WH 1
ASN 12 AFS 3 KW 1 DM 2 N
2 WAM K 4 NEN 30 NZA 26
GB 11 BM K 13 NEN 25 DM 1
NB 1 B 19 TIA 13 BS 1 B 13 B 10
WA 6 SA 2
NEN 28 DB 12 B 11
WAM K 7 WAM K 2
OT 3 MA 1 NEN 23
LAHO 1 B 20 WA 2
B 9 NEN 11 B 6
WAM K 6 TIA 1 AWA 2
ATB 1 OT 1 NEN 24
B 23
NZA 12 MH5 D6 NZA 31
B 24
OT 5
AFS 1 WAM K 9
NEN 26
15. Oil content as index for plus tree selection
Correlation to:
Flower colour?
Fruit shape?
22. Treatment Rooting and Rooting Total dead/ % germinated
shooting only Not germinated
(90 days results)
Proximal sections ( in black polythene 89 - 111 45
material)
Proximal sections ( in plain polythene 131 - 69 66
material)
Proximal sections (in plain polythene - - - -
material further placed in black
polythene
Longitudinal sections ( in black polythene 82 51 67 41
material)
Longitudinal sections ( in plain polythene 95 60 73 48
material)
Proximal sections (sown in sand) Nil Nil 200 Nil
Longitudinal sections (sown in sand) Nil Nil 200 Nil
Whole seed in black polythene material 48 68 84 24
Whole seed placed in plain polythene 51 78 71 26
material
Whole seeds in plain polythene material 32 69 99 17
in black
23. Effect of growth media (18 months)
25
20
15
10
5
0 1 2
Top soil AB soil
1 2
Effect of source of soil on growth and development of Allanblackia seedlings;
a = differences in height (cm) growth and b = differences in leaf size and colour.
Trees labeled 1 were grown in soil under Allanblackia tree and be without soil from
Allanblackia tree.
28. Tissue culture – Effect of different media
Type of media No. of explants Survival rate %
Anderson’s medium 18 22.22
Whites medium 18 27.78
Murashige and skoog 18 33.33
Preece medium 18 55.56
Quoirin & Lepoivre 18 61.11
Gamborg 18 61.11
Driver & Kiniyuki 18 66.67
Lloyde & McCown 18 88.87
(WPM)
31. Goal is to ensure proper exchange and
delivery of germplasm to farmers
satellite
nursery
satellite satellite satellite
nursery nursery nursery
satellite satellite
nursery
satellite nursery
nursery
satellite
nursery
satellite Rural
nursery Resource
Centre
satellite
Local commercial
nursery
nursery
satellite satellite
farmer’s nursery nursery farmer’s
fields fields
satellite
nursery
32. Flowering and fruiting age of A. floribunda
Type of Year No. planted Age (yrs) % flowered % fruited
germplasm planted and date and date
Seedlings 2005 48 7 11 % 0%
Cuttings 2006 48 6 0% 0%
Grafts 2007 55 5 33 % 18%
Marcots 2010 16 2 0% 0%
33. Current status of AB flowering & fruiting, Mbalmayo, Cameroon
Flowering male AB tree of seedling origin
6 young AB fruits on graft
39. Marketing
◦ Novel International formed
to develop supply chain and
coordinate market
development
◦ Market assurance
◦ Size of potential market
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Bu rkina Fa s o D jibo uti
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Nige ria Ethiopia
oon
Sie r ra Le one Gh a na
C en tra l A frican
C a m er
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M oz a m b iqu e
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South A frica
42. Further work
Tissue culture
Mechanical coat removal
Link of morphology to oil quality and quantity
Seed and seedling distribution system
Growth architecture of different propagule
types
Development of planting models
Flowering and fruiting dynamics