2. What do they have in common?
Charles Darwin
Martin Luther King
Late Billionaire Howard Hughes
Lady Macbeth
THEY ALL SUFFERED FROM OCD
Lady Macbeth acquired a hand-washing compulsion after
helping her husband kill the King of Scotland. Late billionaire
Howard Hughes constantly wore gloves, bathed repeatedly
and refused to see people for fear of being contaminated by
them
3. Obsessive Compulsive Disorder or “OCD” is estimated to
affect about one in every 50 people in the United States.
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4. OCD is characterized by varying degrees of obsessions and
compulsions depending on the individual.
Obsessions can be defined as repetitive thoughts, and compulsions
can be defined as repetitive behaviours.
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5. For people suffering from OCD, the degree of obsessions can
be anything as mild as replaying and analyzing a recent
conversation to something as severe as the inability to stop
thinking about performing an act of violence.
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8. Compulsions can range from simply having to beep the car
alarm twice to washing one’s hands dozens of times until the
hands become raw and blistered.
Obsessions can last anywhere from a few minutes to many years,
depending on the severity of the OCD.
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9. Obsessions
• Recurrent, intrusive thoughts, ideas,
images or impulses.
• Obsessions may have sexual, blasphemous
or aggressive themes.
• The individual tries to deal with these
intrusive thoughts either by ignoring them
or neutralising with some other thought or
action.
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10. Compulsions
• Compulsions are irresistible, repetitive physical or mental
actions that people feel compelled to carry out.
• People with OCD recognise that these actions are
unreasonable and excessive but cannot stop themselves.
• They believe that carrying out the ritual will prevent
something terrible happening.
• Their performance is never directly pleasurable but can
relieve some of the tension and anxiety.
• The most common examples are compulsive checking and
washing.
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11. Sometimes, compulsions work in connection with the person’s
obsessions, acting for the person as a preventative measure to
help keep darker thoughts at bay.
Failure to perform the task may make darker thoughts worse.
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13. A mental health professional will evaluate three main criteria
before making a diagnosis of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder.
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15. Diagnostic Criteria
• 1.Either obsessions and/or compulsions are present on
most days for a period of at least 2 weeks.
• Obsessions or compulsions share the following features
(all must be present).
• They originate in the mind of the person. They are
repetitive and unpleasant. The patient tries to resist them.
Experiencing the obsessive thought or carrying out the
compulsive act is not in itself pleasurable.
• 2. the obsessions and/or compulsions cause distress or
interfere with everyday functioning.
• 3. the obsessions and/or compulsions are not the result of
other mental disorders or mood disorders.
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16. First, a therapist will determine if the patient suffers from the
constant, disturbing thoughts that characterize obsession.
For example: Is the patient still thinking about an event that
occurred some time ago?
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17. The therapist will then need to know if the person suffers from
the unrelenting need to perform certain tasks, signifying that
compulsions are present.
Does the patient count ceiling tiles or constantly untie and retie
their shoes?
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18. Finally, the therapist will try to establish whether these
thoughts and actions are interfering with the patient’s
everyday life.
Is the person still able to work, to eat, to sleep, and interact with
others?
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19. Treatment
The most important step in treating OCD is seeing a doctor or
psychologist.
Depending upon the severity of a person’s OCD, the doctor will
outline a course of treatment specific to the patient.
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20. If a person’s obsessive-compulsive behaviors are relatively
mild and do not interfere with his or her ability to function in
society, the therapist may choose to prescribe only behavioral
or “exposure” therapy to help the patient overcome their
obsessive-compulsive behaviors.
Group therapy, meditation, and/or restriction of caffeine and other
stimulants all may be useful in the treatment of Obsessive
Compulsive Disorder.
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