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a powerpoint presentation in general chemistru garde 11 stem
- 1. General Chemistry 1 Science,Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics Lesson 1.2 Properties of Matter
- 2. 2 What is thefirst thing you notice when you hold and read a book?
- 3. 3 Is it hardor soft? Is it thick or thin? Is it heavy or light? Does it burn when you place it near a flame?
- 4. 4 The notable characteristics ofthe book are known as its properties. This lesson tackles the different properties of matter.
- 5. 5 What properties are commonin all forms of matter?
- 6. Learning Competencies At theend of the lesson, you should be able to do the following: 6 ● Distinguish between physical and chemical properties and give examples (STEM_GC11MP- Ia-b-3). ● Distinguish between extensive and intensive properties and give examples (STEM_GC11MP- Ia-b-4).
- 7. Learning Objectives At theend of the lesson, you should be able to do the following: 7 ● Enumerate the general properties of matter. ● Distinguish between physical and chemical properties of matter. ● Enumerate physical and chemical properties of matter.
- 8. Learning Objectives At theend of the lesson, you should be able to do the following: 8 ● Distinguish between extensive and intensive properties of matter. ● Enumerate extensive and intensive properties of matter.
- 9. 9 Matter is anythingthat occupies space and has mass. ● General properties of matter: ○ mass ○ weight ○ volume ○ density ○ specific gravity Matter
- 10. 10 Mass Mass is theamount of matter in an object The more matter is present in an object means the greater its mass. It is usually expressed in grams (g) or kilograms (kg) General Properties of Matter
- 11. 11 General Properties ofMatter Mass Materials that are compact have relatively greater mass than those with a hollow interior. Which one has more mass between a block of wood and a ball?
- 12. 12 Weight It is themeasure of force that acts on an object. It is expressed as the amount of matter (mass) multiplied by the gravitational force that acts on it. ○ The greater the gravitational force that acts on an object, the “heavier” it weighs. It is expressed in newtons (N). General Properties of Matter
- 13. 13 Mass vs. Weight Acomparison of astronaut’s mass and weight on earth and on the moon “Mass and weight are often interchangeable, but these are two different quantities.”
- 14. 14 General Properties ofMatter Volume It is the amount of space occupied by matter It can be measured using instruments with graduations or by getting the dimensions of the object. It is expressed in liters (L) for liquids, or cubic length (l3 ) for solids.
- 15. 15 General Properties ofMatter Pouring a liquid in a graduated cylinder can measure its volume (left) while measuring and multiplying the dimensions of a cube will determine its volume (right). Volume
- 16. 16 General Properties ofMatter Density It is the ratio between mass and volume. It is expressed in kilograms per cubic meter (kg/m3 ) or grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm3 ). It tells how compact an object is. ○ An object with greater mass has more compact particles than the lighter ones.
- 17. 17 General Properties ofMatter Specific Gravity It is the ratio of a substance’s density to a standard substance. It is also known as relative density. It is a dimensionless quantity.
- 18. 18 General Properties ofMatter Specific Gravity Water at 4 o C, which is at its densest, is commonly used as a standard for comparison of liquids and solids. Air at room temperature (20 o C) is the usual standard for comparison of gases.
- 19. 19 How can youdistinguish physical from chemical properties of matter?
- 20. 20 Physical Properties Physical Properties Theseare qualities that are readily observable or measurable without changing the matter’s composition. General properties such as mass, volume, weight, density, and specific gravity are all examples of physical properties. These are often used to describe or observe matter.
- 21. 21 Physical Properties Can yougive other examples of physical properties?
- 22. 22 Physical Properties ● meltingpoint ● boiling point ● freezing point ● solubility ● metallic properties ● size ● texture ● shape ● color
- 23. 23 Physical Properties Melting Point Itis the temperature at which a solid matter changes to liquid. It varies according to its composition of materials. An ice cream melting
- 24. 24 Physical Properties Freezing Point Itis the temperature at which a liquid turns into a solid matter. Water freezing into a snowflake
- 25. 25 Physical Properties Boiling Point Itis the temperature at which liquid evaporates The vapor pressure is equal to the pressure of its surrounding liquid at this temperature. The formation of bubbles in a heated liquid indicates that it is starting to boil.
- 26. 26 Physical Properties Solubility It isthe ability of a solute to dissolve in a given solvent. It varies depending on its composition. It is considered as a physical property as one can tell whether a material is soluble or not by merely observing its physical appearance. A spoonful of sugar is soluble in water.
- 27. 27 Physical Properties Metallic Properties Theseare qualities that are observed specifically in metals. ○ conductivity ○ malleability ○ ductility
- 28. 28 Physical Properties Conductivity It isthe ability of a material to allow heat or electric charges to pass through easily. Materials can be thermal or electrical conductors. copper wire aluminum pot
- 29. 29 Physical Properties Malleability It isthe ability of a material to be flattened into thin sheets. Ductility It is the ability of a material to be easily drawn into wires. gold ring
- 30. 30 How can physicalproperties of matter distinguish one substance from another?
- 31. Remember 31 Qualities that arereadily observable or measurable without changing the matter’s composition are known as physical properties.
- 32. 32 Chemical Properties ● Theseare the characteristics that can only be seen when the chemical identity of a material is altered. ● These become evident when a material undergoes a chemical change. ● These highly depend on its composition. ● Some examples are biodegradability, combustibility, flammability, and reactivity.
- 33. 33 Chemical Properties Biodegradability It isthe capacity of a material to decompose through the actions of microorganisms. It is observed when a material undergoes decomposition. ○ Organic materials or carbon-based materials have a higher biodegradability compared to the synthetic ones.
- 34. 34 Biodegradability Approximate time forcommon materials to decompose in marine and terrestrial environments Materials Time to Decompose Marine Environment Terrestrial Environment paper towel 2 to 4 weeks 1 to 2 weeks apple core 2 months 4 to 6 weeks tin cans 50 to 100 years aluminum cans 200 years 80 to 100 years plastic bags 500 years to forever
- 35. 35 Chemical Properties Combustion It isa chemical reaction between a substance (fuel) and oxygen which results in the generation of heat and light in the form of flame. A tip of matchstick burning
- 36. 36 Chemical Properties Combustibility It isthe ability of a material to combust or burn. Flammability It is the ability of a combustible material to catch flame easily.
- 37. 37 Chemical Properties Combustibility andFlammability It is the main difference between the two properties: ease and rate of how an object burns. Not all combustible materials are flammable. ○ A block of wood may only burn when exposed to a specific amount of heat and oxygen, but putting a flame near it will not necessarily make it burn instantly.
- 38. 38 Combustibility and Flammability burningwood “Not all combustible materials are flammable.”
- 39. 39 Chemical Properties Reactivity It isthe tendency of a substance to undergo a chemical reaction. It depends on the chemical structure and composition of the substance. ○ fluorine: most reactive element ○ noble gases: no to little reactivity Platinum is one of the least reactive metals.
- 40. 40 How can chemicalproperties of matter distinguish one substance from another?
- 41. Remember 41 The characteristics thatcan only be seen when the chemical identity of a material is altered are known as chemical properties.
- 42. 42 Physical Properties ofMatter ● These may be further classified as intensive or extensive. ● These are based on whether a physical property depends on the amount of matter or not.
- 43. 43 How will youdifferentiate intensive from extensive properties of matter?
- 44. 44 Intensive Properties These propertiesdo not depend on the amount of matter. Examples: ○ color ○ density ○ boiling point ○ melting/freezing point Sugar remains white regardless of its amount or size.
- 45. 45 Extensive Properties These propertiesdepend on the amount of matter. Examples: ○ mass ○ volume Powdered sugar takes up more space than sugar cubes.
- 46. Remember 46 Physical properties ofmatter may be categorized as intensive or extensive based on its dependence on the amount of matter.
- 47. Check Your Understanding 47 Tell whetherthe statement is true or false. 1. General properties of matter are characteristics that are specific to a certain kind of material. 2. Chemical properties may only be observed when a material undergoes a chemical change. 3. Combustibility is a property that is readily observable even without changing the chemical identity of the material being observed.
- 48. Let’s Sum ItUp! 48 ● The characteristics of matter that are present to all kinds of matter are known as general properties of matter. ● Qualities that are readily observable or measurable without changing the matter’s composition are known as physical properties.
- 49. Let’s Sum ItUp! 49 ● Physical properties of matter may be further classified based on whether it depends on the amount of matter. ○ Intensive properties are physical properties that do not depend on the amount of matter. ○ Extensive properties are physical properties that depend on the amount of matter.
- 50. Let’s Sum ItUp! 50 ● The characteristics that can only be seen when the chemical identity of a material is altered are known as chemical properties.
- 51. Let’s Sum ItUp! 51
- 52. Challenge Yourself 52 52 Density isthe ratio between mass and volume. If mass and volume are both extensive physical properties of matter, how come density is an intensive property of matter?
- 53. Photo Credits 53 ● Slide24. SaltinWaterSolutionLiquid, by Chris 73 is licensed under CC BY 3.0 via Wikimedia Commons. ● Slide 37. Platinum-nugget, by Alchemist-hp is licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 via Wikimedia Commons.
- 54. Bibliography 54 Chang, Raymond, andKenneth A. Goldsby. General Chemistry: the Essential Concepts. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2014. Handwerker, Mark J. Science Essentials. San Francisco, CA.: Jossey-Bass, 2005. Hawe, Alan, Dan Davies, Kendra McMahon, Lee Towler, Chris Collier, and Tonie Scott. Science 5–11: A Guide for Teachers. 2nd ed. New York, NY: David Fulton Publishers, 2009. Petrucci, Ralph H. General Chemistry: Principles and Modern Applications. Toronto, Ont.: Pearson Canada, 2011. Print. Silberberg, Martin S. Principles of General Chemistry. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2013.