A Minor Disorder That Some Women Can Experience While...

A Minor Disorder That Some Women Can Experience While...
This assignment is to research and review a minor disorder that some women can experience while
being pregnant. By understanding facts and demonstrating the physiological changes and adaptions
that occur in relation to pregnancy can create empathetic midwives. Focusing on education and
support through woman–centered care and displaying primary health practices in a professional
setting.
Nausea and vomiting in pregnancy (NVP) is common in the first trimester of pregnancy, it can be an
unbearable condition that affects several women. By the end of the first trimester 60% of cases
resolve, with 91% settling by 20 weeks of gestation. (Herrell, H. E.2014). Hyperemesis gravidarum
is a severe case of vomiting in pregnancy, it is a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Both men and women can feel anxiety of parenthood and when woman are having symptoms of
NVP this can result in absent work time, incomplete daily routines, managing to see friends or
family and caring for other children in the home. Pregnant women can be left feeling exhausted and
unhappy, this can then have some negative effects on family relationships, and some couples
connections can feel strained. If the woman is working she may also need to tell her employer about
the pregnancy, this may possibly be earlier then the women would have liked too. Generally this can
be hard for some women. Asking for help is also difficult as a result of this women can become
stressed, which can lead to sleep deprivation. Nausea can become worse if women are not getting
adequate time for rest. Whilst women feel unwell they may experience some weight loss, this is not
uncommon especially if women can not keep any food or fluids down. Weight gain will increase
once the women can eat normally again, if women feel unsettled about weight loss they can talk to a
dietitian who may suggest specific supplements.
It is unknown what the exact underlying pathophysiology of NVP is but it's believed to be
multifactorial and includes endocrine, gastrointestinal, cultural, psychosocial and environmental
factors. Reduced gastric–esophageal pressure and delayed gastric emptying due to the effects of the
hormone progesterone (Jarvis S,
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The Gastrointestinal System Of Pregnant Women
Introduction
Physiological changes within a pregnant woman occur throughout the pregnancy and the
gastrointestinal system is affected by alterations of the pregnancy, these changes are considered
normal. The aim of this essay is to focus on the gastrointestinal system of pregnant women,
discussing physiological changes which occur under the influence of hormones, while focusing on
nausea and vomiting (NV) as a minor disorder. Finally, it will examine the role the midwife has on
providing effective education to the pregnant woman in her care employing a woman– centred
approach.
Discussion
The gastrointestinal system of a pregnant woman undergoes a transition in physiology and anatomy.
It is important to understand that these normal ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In early pregnancy nausea and vomiting (NV), begins around four weeks of gestation, and continues
to around twelve weeks of gestation. Lee and Saha (2011) estimate the number of women
experiencing these symptoms to between 70 and 80%. Though, some women continue to experience
NV until the sixteenth week. Few women continue to experience these symptoms into the third
trimester. According to Stables and Rankin (2010), the pathogenesis of NV symptoms are not clear,
but it believed that hormones progesterone and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), contribute to
these symptoms (Lee & Saha, 2011). Lee and Saha (2011) suggest that NV is enhanced under the
stimulus of hCG. It peaks in the second trimester between twelve and fourteen weeks of pregnancy.
During pregnancy women experience an increased appetite and cravings, or distaste of other food
types (Niebyl, 2010). It is theorised that NV in pregnancy occurs due to evolutionary change, it's
advantageous to pregnant women by avoiding food which may contain microorganisms or unsafe
toxins. The relationship between hCG and NVP are linked into protection of the vital development
and formation of the embryo in the early to second trimester of pregnancy by avoiding potentially
harmful foods (Lee & Saha, 2011).
A woman centred–approach is an endeavour for pregnant women to take ownership in their care and
the midwife a guide in their

Similarly to the male reproductive system, the female...
Similarly to the male reproductive system, the female reproductive system is an intriguing and
complex system that contains internal and external structures. Its external structures consist of the
labia majora, labia minora, clitoris, and bartholens glands which all make up the vagina. These
structures all work together to protect the vagina as well as lubricate it. The vagina is an elastic,
muscular canal through which a baby can pass through during childbirth. The system's internal
structures are the vagina, uterus, ovaries, and fallopian tubes. The uterus is responsible for holding
and nourishing a fetus while it develops during a nine month term. The ovaries are the structures
that make it possible for a woman to reproduce; they ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As previously stated the process through which follicles enlarge and release a mature egg into the
fallopian tube is most commonly known as ovulation. The ovulation cycle is divided into two parts
with the follicular phase being the beginning part in which the egg matures. The ovulatory phase
then begins during the middle of a female's menstrual cycle in which cervical fluids increase and
become more fertile. An increase in the LH hormone levels affect the ovarian follicle causing a hole,
or "stigma" to appear on the surface of the follicle. At this point in the course of ovulation, the egg is
pushed down the fallopian tube into the uterus where it will wait 12–24 hours to be fertilized by a
sperm cell before it disintegrates. The series of changes in the female reproductive system that
include producing an egg and preparing the uterus to nurture it for nine months is called the
menstrual cycle. This process begins during the pubescent years of a female and ends when said
female goes through menopause. The menstrual cycle is commonly divided into four phases:
follicular phase, ovulation phase, luteal phase and menstruation phase if the egg is not fertilized.
During the first phase of the cycle (follicular phase) estrogen, a female hormone, causes the
endometrium to grow and develop in order to prepare for a possible fertilized egg. The spike in the
estrogen levels cause FSH

Pregnancy Case Study: Ms. Rios
Ms. Rios is a 35–year–old woman who stopped taking her birth control pills for six months. After
missing her usual period, a urine pregnancy test was done and confirms her pregnancy. She had
appropriate counseling and studies offered at each visit throughout her pregnancy. At early in the
pregnancy, the conversation focuses on diet, exercise, activity, weight gain, and the nausea, vomiting
during the pregnancy. As the pregnancy progresses, parental genetic screening is addressed, and a
serum quad screen, which is a blood test in the second trimester for alpha–fetoprotein– AFP, a
protein made by the developing baby, the human chorionic gonadotropin– HCG, a hormone made
by the placenta, estriol, a hormone made by the placenta and the baby's liver, ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Non–immune women should be offered preconception or postpartum varicella vaccination, because
this vaccine is contraindicated in pregnancy.
Down's Syndrome Most infants with Down's syndrome will have the clinical presentation such as
flat facial profile, excessive skin at nape of the neck, slanted palpebral fissures, dysplasia of pelvis,
hypotonia, hyper–flexibility of joints, anomalous ears, poor Moro reflex, which is elicited by
moving the head quickly downward from its resting or upright position. In a normal infant,
symmetric extension and abduction of the arms as well as opening of the hands is followed by
flexion of the upper extremities back across the chest (Lou et al., 2015).
Conclusion
Finally, learning that a new born baby has down syndrome is not easy to face, the parents will face
and experiencing a roller coaster of emotions. While handles the diagnosis of a child with a
disability. Some parents will experience fear and concerns. It is natural to experience denial, anger,
depression, and other stages of grief as adjust the news that the baby has Down syndrome. Most
importantly, there are many sources of support available for the new

Morning Sickness Experienced By Pregnant Women
Morning sickness is a term to describe the ill feeling experienced by pregnant women who are in
their first trimester of pregnancy. The ill feeling is better defined as food aversions, nausea and
vomiting. It is termed 'morning sickness' because many women experience it upon rising (Profet,
1995); but in reality, morning sickness could happen at any time of the day. So the term morning
sickness may be a misnomer. There are many other terms used including nausea and vomiting in
pregnancy (NVP) rather than morning sickness (Flaxman & Sherman, 2000). The term NVP will be
used throughout this essay. Generally, everyone has a toxin tolerance threshold to detect level of
toxicity in their blood; and if this threshold is exceeded, will induce ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Another similar study on spices by Flaxman and Sherman (2000) showed that spices have anti–
microbial properties and are commonly used in hot climate countries because unrefrigerated food
are prone to food spoilage faster. Although Billing and Sherman (1998) agreed that spices help to
maintain palatability of food besides enhancing its flavour, but Flaxman and Sherman (2000)
suggested that too much of spices may be harmful as well. For example, ingestion of large amounts
of capsaicin causes high toxicity in blood; this is even worse in pregnant women as their toxin
tolerance thresholds are lowered (Flaxman & Sherman, 2000). So, certain spices could cause NVP
when they are consumed in large amounts. Also, excessive amounts of caffeine causes spontaneous
abortions (Weathersbee, Olsen and Lodge, 1977) and through NVP, pregnant women will tend to
reduce intake of caffeine.
Food aversions cause reduced nutrient intake in pregnant women as they experience weight loss
during their first trimester (Tierson, Olsen and Hook, 1986). Although this may protect the embryos,
it may increase cardiovascular and behavioural diseases when they are grown up (Watkins et al.
2008). The maternal threshold for tolerating toxicity is lowered during the first trimester; it will then
increase during the second and third trimesters (Profet, 1995). Profet (1995) explained that the
lowering of toxin tolerance threshold in pregnant women as 'hyperosmatic' because they are

Comparing Two Articles on Abortion
The two articles were selected under the same subject "abortion" which is summarized together. The
first article summarized on "Women No More Likely to Seek Mental Health Care after an Abortion
than before, study finds" taken from popular medical online news, Medical News Today. Second
article summarized on "Increased MMA concentration and body mass index are associated with
spontaneous Abortion in Brazilian women: A pilot study" by Elvira M.Guerra–Shinohara, Perla M.
Pereira, Ananka M. Kubota, Thaiomara A. Silva, Jucilene L. Reis, Gerson S. Miyashita, Vânia
D'Almeida, Robert H. Allen, and Sally P. Stabler, taken from academic journal Science Direct. Both
of these articles are compared in term of its information format and information ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
The results taken from the previous researcher's study or institutional health's reports regarding
abortion among women. Compare with Article B, it stated that the finding clearly reported by
showing the population of pregnancy women, women who had spontaneous abortion and also
vitamin and metabolite status taken by pregnancy women. The results achieve the objectives of the
study.
For references, on Article A it not attached any references that the author/writer refer on at the last
part of this article. This article not assign where it takes the references to show the information to the
readers/audiences. It just quotes the sources at the end of the last sentences, from where it takes the
information, by putting the corporate institution, authors that previously conducted other study in
square bracket. Different with Article B, it states 43 references at the last part of this article which is,
the authors/writers cited every single sources that they refer on. So that, readers/audiences able to
refer back the original sources by referring the sources at the last part of Article B. The references
came from variety sources such as books, journals, research articles and so on.
For sources/originality, Article A is taken from popular medical news which is taken at the web site
www.medicalnewstoday.com. This source is able to access by anyone

Obesity And Its Effects On America Essay
It finally came! Ok, well, it was actually in the mailbox since yesterday and I hadn 't checked it until
today... Nevertheless, it came! Yes folks, I have bought into this recently resurging fad, as I have
with many trendy diets, and, as I 'm sure many of you reading this have, as well. We are always in
search of that magic pill that flips a switch in us and makes us shed our flabby shells. This diet plan,
strict as it may be, is selling itself as such; I plan to try and find out why. It seems HCG (Human
chorionic gonadotropin) is everywhere you turn lately; health food stores, magazine racks, your
neighbors ' blog. If you enter it into the search engine the brand sponsored "top ten lists", the many
hundreds of venders and the company funded "safety review" sites come flooding at you by the
hundreds of thousands; making an already difficult decision spiral into chaos. For those of you who
are of baby boomer and older age, you may recall this being popular when you were younger. Now,
to answer a nagging, yet presumably distasteful, question: yes, this is that same diet you heard of
when you were younger wherein pregnant women sold their urine to doctors so they could harvest
the hormone. This derivative of prego–pee was then injected into hopeful masses of women looking
to drop a sizeable amount of weight without having to stick their fingers down their throat or take
"diet pills", which were then simply over–glorified, medically manufactured, fancy meth by
prescription.

Miscarriage Is The Most Common Complication Of Pregnancy
Introduction
Miscarriage is the most common complication of pregnancy in the United States, occurring in 15–
20% of clinically–recognized pregnancies, or ~1,000,000 cases annually. – Despite its frequency, the
majority of Americans believe that it is a rare complication occurring in 5% or fewer of all
pregnancies. Miscarriage can be an unexpected and emotionally devastating diagnosis for patients
and their partners with studies showing that some women may suffer from psychological morbidity
for months after the miscarriage and even into subsequent pregnancies. Our recent study revealed
that those who have suffered a miscarriage frequently feel guilty, isolated and alone. Additionally,
there are widespread misperceptions as to the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In this follow up study, we sought to assess the influence of celebrity and public figures revelations
of their own loss on the publics' perception of miscarriages.
Materials and Methods
A 19–item survey was constructed to assess the effect of public figures revelation of their loss on
public perceptions of miscarriage. Miscarriage was defined as a pregnancy loss occurring earlier
than 20 weeks. Four additional items (for a total of 27) were directed to those reporting a personal
history of miscarriage and four additional items were specifically for those reporting recent
awareness of celebrity loss. Both men and women were included in the survey.
The survey was posted online using crowdsourcing web service Amazon.com Inc's MTurk. The full
survey can be seen in Appendix 1. Responders are anonymous, however they are given a unique
identifier by Amazon which allows us to identify if any user has taken the survey more than once.
We used MTurk users with an approval rating of 85% or greater (meaning 85% of their previous
work on the site had been considered good). These parameters were chosen to help improve data
quality. Additional discussion of the use of mechanical turk and parameters used can be found in our
previous work.
We had a 100 percent completion rate. We are unable to determine a view or participation rate as we
are not able to determine the

Titration : Titration Of Hydrochloric Acid
Lab:Titration Analysis of Hydrochloric Acid
Title
In this lab a acid–base indicator phenolphthalein was used to determine endpoint of a reaction
HCl(aq) and KOH(aq). At the end point all of the HCl(aq) would have reacted with KOH(aq), and
the pH becomes 7. The phenolphthalein would changed colours from colourless to pink indication
when enough KOH(aq) was added. The purpose of numerous trials was to use the average volume
of the 3 trials with similar measurements.
Purpose
The purpose of this lab was to use process titration to find concentration of an aqueous solution of
Hcl(aq) , using KOH(aq) as the titrant.
Results
Table 1.0: Information gathered during the trial: The volume of KOH(aq),titrant, used in different
trial.
Trial
1
2 ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Write a discussion of error summarizing 2 sources of error, why are your results and the other group
different?
The first source of error that caused different results between group was that the groups misread the
colour of the indicator at exactly the equivalence point. The other group could have misjudged light
pink for clear and could've kept pouring the titrant till the color of the indicator changed dark pink
,which will result in a higher number of moles of the solution in your buret than in your flask. The
extra moles of titrant used would give incorrect measurement since the amount KOH used would to
titrate HCl would increase and giving a higher concentration for HCl. To avoid this source of error
groups should used pH meter instead of phenolphthalein.A pH meter giver reading from 1–14 and
doesn't require judgment. The group would know solution is basic when the reading is 7 and they
would stop pouring the titrant. This would avoid extra titrant in the solution and give a more
accurate concentration.
The second source of error that caused different results
Research

The method of titration was discovered in late 1800's by a french pioneer name Francois Antoine
Henri Descroizilles. Titration is a process used to find concentration of an unknown compound. This
process is used in labs to find information need in everyday life.For instance, titration is used during
blood test and urine test to determine the concentration

HCG Diet Injections
There are 3 types of HCG Diet plans:
1. HCG diet injections
2. HCG drops
3. HCG pellets
1. HCG Diet Injections
HCG injections which are sometimes referred to as HCG shots are the medical variety of the Human
Chorionic Gonadotropin hormone. HCG injection treatment is usually prescribed for weight loss
and fertility issues together with the HCG protocol.
The most commonly used dosage for the HCG diet plans is 200iU per day and the injection is
applied subcutaneously according to doctors advise.
The human body consists of many various fats. Some fats are essential and they protect the
important organs from mechanical injury and also provide nutrition to the body.
However, excess fat is a challenge and it is usually stored in parts of the body around the stomach,
thighs, hips and similar areas around the body. These excess fat are the target of HCG diet injections
program; this is because it has been known that applying a series of HCG weight loss injections
together with taking a low calorie diet will bring about mobility of these excess fats which will in
turn cause a fast and sustainable weight loss. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Although 500 calories per day was the usual limit, many doctors today recommend 800 calories per
day.
Health experts advice a minimum of 1,200 calories each day. However, in addition to the calorie
range of 500–800 calories, the program makes use of non–essential fat for energy supply while
allowing muscle tissue and essential fat to remain by using HCG injections.
Possible side effects
There are rare reports about the side effect of taking HCG injections to lose weight; this is because
they hardly occur. However, like any prescription drug or medication, according to reviews some
persons may experience side effects such as:
Acne
Breast

Pregnancy: A Qualitative Study
The design of this experimental study will gather data by using technology that already exists. The
blood levels of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and progesterone, as well as ultrasound
technology, will be implemented to obtain data. These tests will determine the viability of the
pregnancy as it progresses in gestation.
This quantitative question could be answered using a survey method, asking the patient the
outcomes of progesterone use in pregnancy. This method would be very simplistic, and Survey
Monkey would have the capability of obtaining this information without the researcher starting from
scratch. However, the purpose of this study is "to test the impact of an outcome, controlling for other
factors that might influence ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Could the population be envisioned as isolated islands or clusters of individual units, with the
clusters being similar to one another in composition?
Yes, this population can be found throughout the world.
3. Through what means would you extract a representative sample from the total population?
Describe your procedure.
I will obtain my sample by identifying women between the ages of 18–39 with a history of recurrent
miscarriage of unknown etiology at OB/GYN offices throughout Indianapolis, IN. Women will be
entered into the sample upon positive pregnancy test.
I plan to educate physicians in OB/GYN offices all over the Indianapolis area on this study. I will
provide information that can be presented to patients who have a history of recurrent miscarriage
with unknown etiology. The information provided will have contact information for the researchers
involved, instructions on how and when to call, and a description of the study.
4. Is your sampling procedure appropriate for the characteristics of the population?
Yes, I feel that many of the confounding variables have been addressed, while evaluating the
intended population.
5. Have you guaranteed that your sample will be chosen by chance and yet will be representative of
the

My First Experience At Giving Birth
My First Experience at Giving Birth
Life seemed to have ended just as it was starting. One of my greatest wishes in life was to become a
mother, a nurturing, caring, patient, self gratifying responsibility. Every time I interacted with people
and every time I saw other ladies with their sons and daughters, I admired to be like them because I
love children.
However, I did not know the kind of journey that was ahead of me because I thought giving birth
was just an easy task. And before realizing that I was pregnant, I was so nervous because I thought
something might have been seriously wrong with me. For days I had been throwing up and I
couldn't pin point the reason why, although I did miss my ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Although it was a hard decision to make I knew in my heart I was doing the right thing.
During my pregnancy I felt like a queen and everyone in my family was very supportive. However,
my joy suddenly turned into sadness as time elapsed and my expected delivery date was drawing
near. During pregnancy, I was very careful in everything I did to protect my unborn infant. I kept
imagine the kind of joy my unborn child would bring me and my child 's father after giving birth. I
even visited a nutritionist for advice on the type of diet I should intake because I did not want to
compromise the delivery of my unborn child in any way. So I followed the doctors orders which was
to take my prenatal vitamins every day as well as my iron pills three times a day and avoid any
strenuous activity such as exercising / lifting anything heavy. I also became more cautious in the
things that I ate because some of the fish that I was eating contained mercury which could have be
harmful to my unborn child, and eating hot sauce was giving me heart burn and indigestion. Besides
that, all sweets that I had been eating was making me gain and excessive amount of weight which
was causing my ankles to swell. So I cut out all the unhealthy food that I was eating because my
aimed was to make sure that nothing would prevent me from having a safe delivery.
At the time I tried not thinking about having my first child at seventeen

Description Of Campus Or Community Resource Essay
Part 1: Student Info & Following Instructions (10 points)
1. First and Last name: Kiana Griffin
2. Net ID: 670688757
3. UIN: kgriff25
Part 2: Description of Campus or Community Resource (10 points)
1. Resource Name: Planned Parenthood
2. Full Address (including city/state/zip): 302 E Stoughton St, Champaign, IL 61820
3. Phone number: (217)359–8022
4. Website: plannedparenthood.org
5. Hours of operation (days and times): Mon– 8AM–4PM, Tues– 9:30AM–5:30PM, Wed– 11AM–
7PM, Thurs– 9:30AM–5:30PM, Fri– 8AM–3:30PM, Closed on Saturday's and Sunday's.
6. Is this a Campus or Community Resource? Explain. It is a community resource because though it
is opened to UIUC students as well, it is located outside of campus and is opened to the public.
Part 3: Resource History and Services (30 points)
7. Years in operation: Planned Parenthood has been in operation since 1916.
8. Mission statement: The mission statement of Planned Parenthood is to help people make better
and smarter decisions about their sexual health and lives, through support, affordable and accessible
services and other resources that they offer.
9. When, where, and why was it founded? Planned Parenthood was founded in 1916 in Brooklyn,
NY by Margaret Sanger. It was originally a birth control clinic but it adopted its name "Planned
Parenthood" in 1942. Sanger was an advocate for birth control and wanted to get rid of federal and
state laws that prohibited information about sexuality, contraception and human reproduction

1.5 Elisa Answers
Activity 1.1.5: ELISA | Conclusion Explain why antibodies allow scientists to target and identify
specific disease agents. a. Antibodies allow scientists to target and identify specific disease agents
because they bind to antigens to counteract them. The more antigens you have, the more antibodies
you have, the more the of the virus/bacteria that there is in you. Why is the secondary antibody used
in an ELISA test conjugated with an enzyme? What happens when this enzyme meets up with its
substrate? b. Attached to the secondary antibody is an enzyme such as peroxidase or alkaline
phosphatase. These enzymes can metabolize colorless substrates (sometimes called chromagens)
into colored products. After an incubation ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The darker their color the longer that they had been infected with the disease. After knowing their
dilution, I could then categorize all 9 patients by the seriousness of the meningitis condition. Discuss
the limitations of using antigen concentration to deduce the path of infection. Be sure to refer to the
workings of the human immune system. g. By using antigen concentration to deduce the path of
infection, the body's immune system may try to fight off the antigen invader. Therefore, a limitation
may be that the results are a little skewed as some of the antigens may have been killed by the
body's defense. Also, each person is different, so the body's response to these foreign objects would
have varied. The ELISA test can also be used to detect antibodies that are produced in response to a
specific antigen. Using information about how you completed this ELISA experiment, outline a
procedure for testing for antibodies in the blood. h. Add protein to the well i. Add antigens to the
well i. Antigens will stick to the protein sites j. Add primary antibody ii. Antibody will attach to
antigen k. Add secondary antibody with an enzyme attached to it l. Add indicator and color substrate
m. Extract the antibody that is desired from ELISA experiment and study it Explain why in sudden
outbreaks, it may be better to test for

The Female Reproductive System For Ovarian Cancer Essay
Abstract
The female reproductive system is one of the most vital to obtaining new life. It is important to keep
healthy and get checkups that can help detect anything abnormal to be able to treat any cancer as
soon as possible. Being able to find ovarian cancer at an early stage can make all the difference.
Fortunately stage one of ovarian cancer has a very high survival rate.
Ovaries are about four centimeters long and hold about one million eggs in each of the ovaries when
a female is born. They are found on each side of a female's uterus in the pelvis. Both ovaries are
held by ligaments right above the fallopian tubes. They are the female reproductive gland that
produces ova, which are also known as the eggs. They also produce sex hormones, which is the
second most important job of the gland, called estrogen and progesterone that help control a
woman's menstrual cycle. Androgens are produced also but in very small amounts. When a female
hits puberty about four to five hundred thousand follicles are left over after half of the follicles were
absorbed into the body during childhood. After a females starts their menstrual cycle, once a month
in the ovaries about ten to twelve egg follicles, which are sacs filled with fluid, develop the eggs
then only one of the ovaries will release an egg that will go down the fallopian tube. Tiny finger like
structure help the eggs move into the fallopian tube before it goes down into the uterus. After about
two weeks

Estrus Synchronization Protocols Essay example
In the current breeding practices, management of the estrous cycle is a common. Breeders want to
know when their mare is in one phase or the other and also wants to be able to determine when she
will ovulate. Manipulation of the estrous cycle is a practice of breeding management. Manipulation
of estrous involves changing the normal cycle through hormone treatments or other methods.
Managing and manipulating the estrous cycle allows breeders to have control over the phase the
mare is experiencing and the length of time she will be in that phase.
Estrus synchronization is the practice of regulating when one or many mares will be in estrus.
Breeders can follow certain protocol in order to cause synchronization in the cycle. According to ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
If the stallion only offers scheduled appointments, you may have to schedule in advance and not
know when your mare will be in estrus that far ahead. In all cases, estrus synchronization minimizes
the number of inseminations each mare will require per cycle in order to become pregnant.
A review of the estrous cycle is necessary to understanding the protocols for estrus synchronization.
The estrous cycle of the mare is the period from one ovulation to a subsequent ovulation. Horses are
a seasonally polyestrous animal meaning that non–pregnant mares experience recurring estrous
cycles. Further, the equine breeding season is regulated by photoperiod, light exposure. The mares'
estrous cycle is 21 to 22 days in length and involves hormones produced by the pineal gland,
hypothalamus, pituitary gland, ovaries and endometrium.
The estrous cycle during the breeding season is made up of two phases, the estrus, or follicular
phase and the diestrus, or luteal phase. During estrus, a four to seven day long phase, the mare is
receptive to the stallion and can become pregnant following ovulation, which occurs one to two days
prior to the end of estrus. Diestrus is a 14 to 15 day long phase in which the mare is unreceptive to
the stallion. This phase ends with the corpus luteum deteriorating which initiates the next follicular,
or estrus phase.
Hormone treatments are the most common method of

Biolgoy Sect 1
Section 51–1 VOCABULARY REVIEW 1. Target cells are the specific cells that are affected by a
hormone. 2. A second messenger is an intracellular molecule that amplifies the signal of a first
messenger. 3. A prostaglandin is a lipid that regulates the activity of cells that are in close proximity
to its site of production. 4. Hormones are molecules that are secreted in small amounts, circulate in
the bloodstream, and affect distant target cells. MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. d 2. c 3. a 4. c 5. c SHORT
ANSWER 1. A first messenger binds to cell surface receptors and stimulates production of a second
messenger that is located within the target cell. 2. Hormones are transported in the bloodstream. 3.
No; they have ducts and secrete sweat, not hormones. 4. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Cell D secretion is increased because it is unable to detect hormone secreted by Cell M. In response
to the increased levels of Cell D hormones, Cell M secretions increase. Section 52–1
VOCABULARY REVIEW 1. Semen contains sperm and the secretions of three exocrine glands–the
seminal vesicles, the bulbourethral glands, and the prostate gland. 2. The testes are the gamete–
producing organs of the male reproductive system. 3. Ejaculation is the forceful expulsion of semen
from the penis. 4. Seminiferous tubules are the specialized compartments of the testes in which
sperm are produced. 5. Sperm complete development within each epididymis, which is closely
attached to each testis. MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. c 2. c 3. c 4. c 5. d SHORT ANSWER 1. Sperm
move from the seminiferous tubules to the epididymis, through the vas deferens and urethra, and out
of the penis. 2. Semen is composed of sperm and secretions from three exocrine glands–the seminal
vesicles, bulbourethral glands, and the prostate gland. 3. Seminiferous tubules are located in the
testes– the vas deferens is not; there is more than one seminiferous tubule–there is only one vas
deferens; seminiferous tubules have meiotic cells in their walls–the vas deferens does not; and the
vas deferens has abundant smooth muscle cells in its wall–seminiferous tubules do not. 4. The
sperm's flagellum enables it to swim to an egg, and its head contains digestive enzymes that help it
penetrate the egg's outer layers. 5. Yes;

Symptoms And Symptoms Of Nausea
What Does Nausea Feel Like
One of the early signs of pregnancy is nausea, and many expectant mothers experience nausea
during early pregnancy. Nausea is usually a common symptom throughout the first trimester or even
longer, and it is typically the most complained about symptom that women report. Fortunately, even
though nausea can be terribly uncomfortable, it is not harmful to you or your baby. Not surprisingly,
first time mothers want to know, what does nausea feel like?
What Does Nausea Feel Like?
Nausea, or 'morning sickness', is usually worse in the mornings and can sometimes last all day.
Pregnant women describe morning sickness as resembling motion sickness, indigestion, hunger
pains, and dry heaves. Unfortunately for some ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
My husband was afraid to even approach me when I got sick, poor thing, he thought he was the
problem. However the real morning sickness didn 't start until after I was six or seven weeks
pregnant, then I couldn 't look at, smell, or eat anything for four months. But after thinking about it,
I realized that odors were triggering my bouts of nausea. The smell of eggs and garbage was making
me nauseous, and by simply changing the breakfast menu over to cold cereal with milk and
emptying the trash every day, my symptoms became less intense and frequent." Gail 26
Why Would I Experience Nausea in Pregnancy?
Nobody can say exactly what causes nausea during pregnancy. However, it is probably a
combination of the many changes your body is going through and some of the possible causes could
include:
$ Estrogen: The hormone estrogen increases rapidly during early pregnancy and may contribute to
feelings of nausea.
$ Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG): This hormone also increases during early pregnancy, and
especially if the pregnancy is with twins. While not much is known about its contribution to nausea,
the timing suggests that it might increase a mother's sensitivity to it.
$ Enhanced Sensitivity to Odors: It's very common for pregnant women to be overwhelmed by
certain odors. Culprits can include eggs, raw meat,

Gonadotropins Research Paper
Injectable Fertility drugs (gonadotropins)
What are gonadotropins?
Gonadotropins are injectable fertility medications, containing follicle–stimulating hormone (FSH)
alone or combined with luteinizing hormone (LH). During a natural menstrual cycle, both FSH and
LH are produced by the pituitary gland in the brain to naturally stimulate the ovaries to produce a
single egg each month. When FSH (with or without LH) is given as an injection, it works directly on
the ovaries to make multiple follicles (cysts containing eggs).
Gonadotropins are used during fertility treatments such as intrauterine insemination (IUI) or in vitro
fertilization (IVF). Injections of gonadotropins are started early in the menstrual cycle to cause
multiple eggs to grow to a mature size. Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), another injectable
medication, is then used to trigger the release of the eggs when they are mature. Close monitoring of
patients with ultrasound who are using these medications is advised in order to minimize the side
effects and risks. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
When FSH is given in larger amounts than would occur in a natural menstrual cycle it results in
more than one egg being ripened and matured.
1. Sometimes if you are not ovulating, Gonadotrophins are given in the amount roughly equal to that
of a natural menstrual cycle and this is called ovulation induction.
2. Gonadotrophins are commonly used in IVF cycles. The intention here is to produce ideally 10 to
15 eggs with the aim of fertilizing them outside the body. The reason why so many eggs are
necessary is that the process of IVF is relatively inefficient and the more eggs that are available for
fertilization, the more likely pregnancy is to

Nursing Case Study (H-Mole)
TABLE OF CONTENTS I. Introduction 1 II. Objectives 2 III. Anatomy and Physiology 3–4 IV.
Definition of Terms 5 V. Baseline Data 6 VI. Nursing History (Gordon's Functional Health) 7–9 VII.
Health History 10–11 VIII. Assessment (Cephalo– Caudal) 12–14 IX. Laboratory and Radiology
15–16 X. Pathophysiology 17 XI. Nursing Care Plan * Acute Pain 18–19 * Fluid Volume Deficit
20–21 * Risk for Ineffective Coping 22 XII. Drug Study * Propranolol Hydrochloride 23 *
Cefuroxime Sodium 24 * Propylthiouracil (PTU) 25 * ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These organs are unique in that their functions are not necessary for the survival of each individual.
Instead, their functions are vital to the continuation of the human species in providing maternity
gynecologic health care, you will find that it is vital to you career as a practical nurse and to the
patient that you will require a greater depth and breadth of knowledge of the female anatomy and
physiology than usual. The female reproductive system consists of internal organs and external
organs. The internal organs are located in the pelvic cavity and are supported by the pelvic floor. The
external organs are located from the lower margin of the pubis to the perineum. The appearance of
the external genitals varies greatly from woman to woman, since age, heredity, race, and the number
of children a woman has borne determines the size, shapes, and color. The Uterus A hallow organ
about the size and shape of a pear. It serves two important functions: it is the organ of menstruation
and during pregnancy it receives the fertilized ovum, retains and nourishes it until it expels the fetus
during labor. The uterus is located between the urinary bladder and the rectum. It is suspended in the
pelvis by broad ligaments.The uterus measures about 7.5 cm. in length, 5 cm. in breadth, at its upper
part, and nearly 2.5 cm. in thickness; it weighs from 30 to 40 gm. It is divisible into two

Thalidomide Research Paper
"Thalidomide was introduced by the method of Russian roulette. Practically nothing was known
about the drug at the time of its marketing." A seemingly harmless drug with a dangerous secret, that
was overlooked due to the corporate greed of Grünenthal, the company that synthesized
thalidomide. A short time after its release, the drug became a sudden hit in countries across the
world. It was known as the "wonder drug" due to the fact that scientists could not get a test rat to
overdose. The illusion that thalidomide was safe, went to the point that manufacturers were claiming
that even pregnant women could take the drug for morning sickness. Alas nearly 12,000 infants
would be maimed at birth with a once rare disease known as Phocomelia, meaning "seal limbs", and
only 5,000 would survive past childhood (Brynner and Stephens 9). Richardson–Merrell attempted
to submit an application to the FDA to approve the drug Thalidomide; but Dr. Frances Kelsey, the
doctor assigned to the application, repeatedly rejected the drug until the birth defects were linked to
thalidomide. Consequently saving millions of American babies from suffering horrible birth defects
and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
France Kelsey reviewed the application for the FDA and blocked its sale in the United States until
the cases of birth defects were linked to the drug; her stand protected countless unborn children and
drastically changed the FDA's procedures when approving drugs. Dr. Kelsey's stand against
Grunenthal and thalidomide revolutionized how medicine is accepted today. She was one of the few
people who could see the truth behind all of the false data and gushing testimonials. Hence sparing
unborn infants from being disfigured with horrifying disabilities. Dr. Kelsey's does not seem like
much, but by delaying the application she gave other doctors enough time to connect the dots
between the maimed children and

Controlled Ovarian Hyperstimulation ( Coh )
Introduction Controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) is known to be an important component in
the success of in vitro fertilization–embryo transfer (IVF–ET). In COH procedure, in order to
suppress and prevent premature luteinizing hormone (LH) surge, GnRH agonists and antagonists are
often applied. During the assisted reproduction technologies (ARTs), controlled ovarian
hyperstimulation (COH) is often applied to stimulate multiple follicular development followed by
ovulation induction with an ovulatory trigger before oocyte collection and fertilization. It is
increasingly appreciated that such exogenous hormonal stimulation for ARTs results in the
environment of supra–physiological level of steroid hormone and may be detrimental to endometrial
receptivity. Although no significant differences in oocyte quality or embryo quality were found
between patients treated with GnRH agonist or GnRH antagonist, the data regarding the impact of
these protocols on endometrial receptivity are still controversial. Impaired endometrial receptivity
has been recognizied as the main problem to success in ART once all other factors have been
optimized. Several studies have been done to directly assess endometrial receptivity, including
histologic dating, endometrial sex steroid receptor concentrations, scanning electron microscopy
assessing pinopod expression, and more recently, the role of cytokines, growth factors, integrin
molecules, genomic, proteomic and lipidomic targets have been

Amber's Secret
Amber's Secret
Bio202–
Amber is an 18 year old woman who has found she is feeling sick and unusual. She comes to find
out that she is pregnant and consults her doctor. Being concerned of her student status and what her
parents might think are her biggest fears. The fetus growing inside her is almost 11 weeks and has
her own story from the inside. Mentioning all of the growth that has occurred and the development
milestones she has reached, the fetus is concerned of her own well being. The doctor offers Amber
the options of abortion and adoption, and then the heart beat will be heard. It is unclear what
Amber's choice is in the end.
1. What are the hormonal and physical changes that occurred in Amber's normal menstrual cycle
before she ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
4. What are the hormonal and physical changes going on in Amber during her pregnancy? What is
keeping her from menstruating as normal?
Physiological changes occurring in Amber's body are happening in her gastrointestinal, urinary,
respiratory and cardiovascular system. She is feeling sick because of the increased hCG,
progesterone and estrogen levels. Her story is only until her 11th week of her pregnancy, but she
may feel many symptoms throughout the rest of her pregnancy if it is not aborted. Those symptoms
could be increased urination because the kidneys are disposing of fetal metabolic waste as well as
her own. Blood volume also rises to help accommodate the fetus' needs (Marieb & Hoehn
2013).
An over production of the hormone progesterone is created which stops the follicle–stimulating
hormones (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). Those are the hormones needed for an egg to be
released and travel down into the uterus for a menstruation cycle. If that does not occur, there is not
menstruation (Marieb & Hoehn 2013)
5. How does a pregnancy test work?
At home pregnancy tests can be purchased over the counter or a blood test can be performed at the
doctor's office. They both check for the human Chorionic Gonadotropin, hCG, hormone that is
produced during pregnancy. The home pregnancy test uses urine, and the doctor's office tests blood
(Women's Health 2006).
6. How can we account for Amber's symptoms?
It sounds like Amber is having

Essay on In Vitro Fertilization
In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) is a procedure that offers hope to couples who otherwise are unable to
conceive. This process is important to infertile couples because it gives them another chance of
conceiving a child. In order for normal pregnancy to occur, an egg is released from an ovary and
unites with a sperm in a fallopian tube. However, during the process of IVF, this union occurs in a
laboratory after both eggs and sperm have been collected. The fertilized egg is then transferred into
the uterus to continue growth. Tens of thousands of healthy children born into this world are the
results of IVF. Nevertheless, it is important for anyone considering IVF to fully understand the
process as well as its limitations. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The donor is now ready for the egg retrieval process. She is asked to come in one hour prior to the
scheduled egg retrieval. The woman puts on a hospital gown while tranquilizers and antibiotics are
given through an intravenous line. The cervix is also frozen with a local anesthetic to reduce the
pain of the procedure. The doctor will attach an aspiration needle to the ultrasound probe and
advance it though the vagina into the follicles of the ovary. The follicle fluid and eggs are aspirated
into a test tube and given to a laboratory personnel to search for eggs. The woman may leave in
about two hours after the sedatives have worn off.
The In Vitro Fertilization step continues if the doctor is fortunate enough to find eggs. Soon after the
doctor locates the eggs and collects sperm, he cultures the eggs in a plastic dish. During the actual In
Vitro Fertilization process, a mature egg mixes with the proper number of collected sperm, usually
about fifty thousand sperm. The following morning, the doctor examines the eggs under a
microscope. Fertilization is evident if the sperm&#8217;s genetic material is seen on a small
area of the egg.
After successful fertilization, the doctor transfers the pre–embryos into the woman&#8217;s
uterine cavity. A maximum of three embryos will be transferred for women less than thirty five
years of

Hcg Injections For Weight Loss
Title – HCG injections for weight loss: Fab or fad?
Description – Obesity is one of the consistent side–effects associated with the urban lifestyle today.
A number of weight loss programs including HCG injections are coming up purported to cure
obesity.
What is HCG and why should you know of it?
HCG injections contain the hormone human chorionic gonadotropin typically secreted by the
pregnant mother's placenta following successful conception. It is reason behind the pink bar of a
pregnancy test strip attesting successful pregnancy. HCG is being used to deal with problems
regarding conceiving babies from quite some time by medical practitioners.
When did it all start?
The "revelation" that HCG can burn fat started first in the 1950's when Dr. Albert T. Simeons, an
endocrinologist from Britain started using HCG injections to treat people with obesity. One of the
probable and not yet established role of human chorionic gonadotrophin is that it burns belly fat to
provide ATP or energy for the fetus, Dr. Simeons concluded from this belief that HCG must also
facilitate a rapid burning of fat from all portions of the body at all times. But no substantial cases of
actual weight loss through only HCG injections have come up till date. In a more recent time, Kevin
Trudeau in his 2007 book claimed that HCG injections were the magic secret to quick weight loss.
The funny part is Kevin is not even remotely associated with medicine or health; he is just another
shady businessman.

High Quality Instructions For Hcg Diet
If you are truly interested in learning about HCG diet drops and how they can assist you lose weight
safely, it is important that you do a good research so that you get the right information to help you
get the best HCG drops.
Best HCG drops reviews should include high quality instructions which closely adhere to Dr.
Simeon's HCG diet protocol.
They should also cover basic information on HCG diet, how you should implemented it, and how to
continue with the diet plan.
For the HCG diet plan to work effectively, you should strictly adhere to the diet's guidelines. The
reviews should also include dosage instructions of the product.
Good HCG diet drops reviews should also list the ingredients and briefly explain what they are.
Without this information, it is difficult to know the effectiveness of the product.
The ingredients should ideally follow FDA guidelines and be manufactured in a facility that is
FDA–registered. You need to be aware that if the ingredients of a product are not listed online, it
should not be trusted.
Great reviews should provide price comparison of HCG diet drops in order to help you find the
product that suits your budget.
When buying your HCG diet drops, look for the ones that are manufactured by reputable companies.
Such companies usually offer return policies and product guarantees.
What is HCG?
HCG Stands for Human Chorionic Gonadotropin. This is a hormone that is produced naturally by
pregnant women. It triggers a woman's body to mobilize

Personal Narrative Analysis
As I was driving home from work late one night on a busy road in Ohio I was feeling discomfort in
my lower abdomen. Knowing that I was 39 weeks pregnant I really didn't think much about it. I
thought I just had a rough day at work where I lift and tug on the elderly as a CNA. I went home and
hopped into the bathtub. The warm water felt great on my joints and I felt my conclusion was right.
As my husband, Bobby walked in he could see the discomfort on my face. "Are you OK," he asked.
"Yes, I have just had a hard day at work." I replied. We get ready for bed, it is now midnight on Feb.
9, 2005. I tossed and turned in the bed, seeming as I cannot get a comfortable position. Bobby then
ask again, "Are you sure you're OK?" "Yes, I think I am so tired I am unable to fall asleep." As I was
trying to get comfortable I then needed to use the restroom. I start on my journey to the bathroom,
who knew that is where I would have stayed for the rest of the night. If I ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
I got Bobby out of the bed and went to the Doctor's appointment. Dr. Marger walks in, "So how are
you today?" "I am good, just a lot of pain in my lower abdomen and having to use the bathroom a
lot. Also had a hard time getting comfortable last night." To my surprise, Dr. Marger's eyes widen.
"Please lay down and I will check your cervix." As I am laying there I look over at Bobby who
looks like a deer in headlights. He had so much fear on him. "Well Amy, it looks like we are having
a baby today." Even though he was grinning, my heart sank to the floor. "Bobby have you ever
played Monopoly?" With a confused look Bobby responds, "Yes?" "Well then you know the rules,
do not pass go, do not collect your $200, go straight to the hospital." I quickly raised up and asked
"How far along dilated am I? Can't be that bad, I barely feel any pain." "Well you are at 5
centimeters. If you have been hurting since late yesterday evening, then it may not take as long as
we

Human Chorionic Gonadotropin ( Hcg )
The placenta is an internal organ that grows during pregnancy, in normal cases it is attached to the
lining of the stomach all through–out pregnancy. It is an endocrine organ that only grows during
pregnancy and provides the unborn child blood supply of its own apart from the mothers. The blood
supply and nutrients are transferred via the umbilical cord to the child, it is responsible for keeping
the baby healthy while inside the womb. The organ works like a regular cycle, it washes the
nutrients and oxygen that travels from the mother's body to the placenta and through the umbilical
cord to the fetus. The fetus then disposes the waste products, such as carbon dioxide, back to the
placenta where the mother uses bodily functions to dispose of them, it also contains hormones that
help the unborn child cultivate and mature.
The placenta produces hormones like Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG), which is presented
after the egg has been fertilized. Also, it produces Progesterone, which is important for the lining of
the uterus to stay healthy, strong and to maintain the stability of the baby and the placenta. If
progesterone levels produced by the placenta are decreased or lower, it can be possible the
pregnancy might terminate itself. Another hormone the placenta produces is estrogen, which for
pregnancy helps the mother produce milk and lactation for the child during the pregnancy and
beneficial for the child after birth. Other hormones that might be produced in the placenta

Ms. Bell Appendicitis Case Study
Case Overview
Ms. Bell is a 28 year–old woman with a past medical history significant for atypical squamous cells
of undetermined significance (ASCUS) on Pap smear without follow up with clinical presentation
and chief complaint of abdominal pain for two weeks. According to Ms. Bell the current abdominal
symptoms are in two areas such as non–focal across the upper abdomen, and more localized in the
suprapubic and pelvic area. Additional history reveals dyspareunia, past trichomonas vaginalis
infection, and recurrent references to stress aggravating the symptoms. The Patient is accompanied
by her 4year–old son Cooper, who is experiencing stomach pain, enuresis, and exceptional
clinginess and has recently been hitting other children at daycare. ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The clinical presentation is a severe right lower quadrant pain, nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite,
fever, or constipation. Therefore, during a good physical examination, it is important to rule out by
looking for positive psoas signs and rebound tenderness. Appendicitis is a medical emergency which
requires immediate surgery to remove the appendix before burst, or eventually perforate into the
abdominal cavity that can be fetal if left untreated (Singer, Thode & Singer, 2016).
Trauma– Patient who is pregnant or may be suspicion of pregnancy has increased risk of being
victims of domestic violence. Therefore, the stress of being victim of domestic violence may cause
irregular menstrual cycle in some women. Consequently, abdominal pain and cramping may come,
not only from the inflicted trauma, but also from somatization of stress. Some clinical presentation
includes bruises of various colors, due to different stages of healing, which can be seen on any part
of the body, but especially on the abdomen and can cause trauma to the fetus, especially because it is
less visible to the public. Therefore, as health care providers, nurse practitioner has a huge role to be
careful aware of the patient's body language and response to physical touch (Renner & Reese–
Schwab,

a&p case study
There are many various conditions and diseases affecting the endocrine system. Here we will
discuss several and describe the endocrine gland, hormone, target tissue, symptoms, causes, and
treatment options. The human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) test is done to check for the hormone
hCG in blood or urine (Staff, 2012). The hCG hormone is made during pregnancy by the placenta or
can be abnormally made by certain tumors. The hCG test can be performed to test if a woman is
pregnant or not, as part of a screening test for birth defects, in a woman who may have abnormal
tissue growth in her uterus, a molar pregnancy, or a cancer in the uterus rather than a normal
pregnancy. HCG levels can even be measured in a man to see whether he has ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Later it was discovered that anabolic steroids could facilitate the growth of skeletal muscle which
led to abuse by bodybuilders, weightlifters, and athletes in other sports. Abuse of anabolic steroids
can cause acne, breast development in men, heart attacks, and liver cancer. Most side effects are
reversible if the abuser stops taking the drugs, but some are permanent, such as voice deepening in
females. Possible health consequences for men are infertility, shrinking of the testicles, and male–
pattern baldness while with women enlargement of the clitoris, and excessive growth of body hair
can happen. It can affect the musculoskeletal & cardiovascular system, liver, skin, cause infection,
and have psychiatric effects such as rage, aggression, mania, and delusions. Treatment of anabolic
steroid abuse uses medications to restore the hormonal system after its disruption, and medication to
target specific withdrawal symptoms. To reduce the risk of ovarian or breast cancer some choose to
have a procedure done known as an oophorectomy. This is a removal of your ovaries on each side of
your uterus that contain eggs and secrete the hormones that control your reproductive cycle. This
greatly reduces the amount of hormones estrogen and progesterone circulating in your body which is
the hormones breast and ovarian cancers need to grow. Though a generally safe procedure with
small risk complications

Weight Loss : Human Chorionic Gonadotropin
Weight loss is always an on–going topic for both men and women trying to lose those extra pounds
by starting with a diet in order to create a lifestyle change. There are numerous diets to try but which
ones are the most effective to safely get the desired results? Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG)
is a natural hormone produced by the body in the placenta during pregnancy and although pregnant
women are the source of increased levels of HCG, both men and non–pregnant women create low
levels of HCG throughout their lifetime. Extracted from the urine of pregnant females, high levels of
HCG serve the health, weight loss and fertility of men and woman. Abnormal levels of HCG are
subject to interpretation as a tumor marker detected in males ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Buying HCG injections online from a reliable, certified pharmacy is becoming difficult to verify due
to the overabundance of websites. When buying HCG injections online, some research is required to
make sure what is being purchased is exactly what is needed and from the best possible source.
Shortages of legitimate HCG injections online have led to the promotion of "homeopathic HCG" for
weight control. The ingredients in these concoctions are often obscure and do not necessarily
contain HCG or may have only trace amounts of HCG. HCG can only enter the bloodstream
through injection in order to be effective. The HCG injections, used with or without vitamin B12,
enable the body to distribute its effects on fat cells rather than muscle tissue. This allows the body to
retain lean muscle without taking away much needed nutrition from other functioning cells. This
forces the body to acquire from fat stores, enabling weight loss while on the diet. Dedication to the
program should result in a one to two pound loss of fat per day due to the dramatic drop in calories.
The diet lets you have two meals a day, with each meal containing one protein, one vegetable, one
bread and one fruit. No salmon, eel, tuna, or herring is permissible, but broiling or grilling veal,
beef, chicken breast, white fish, lobster, crab or shrimp, is acceptable.

I Am Walking At Night, Dogs Are Barking While I 'm Walking...
It's about twelve at night, dogs are barking while I'm walking through the alley. As I walk through
my backyard trying to go in through the backdoor I saw the kitchen light come on I just knew that
my ass was grass. So as I creep up the steps trying to peek through the mini blind I seen my
momma. My heart starts pumping and I was shaking like an earthquake I just knew she would be
mad. So I just stood there until she left the kitchen she walked out and I grab for the door and
opened it. I tried to take some steps and hurry up and go up the stairs but she heard me and came
after me...
Growing up I lived with my sister, two brothers, and a single mother. It was very stressful on her
having to work full time, paying the bills, dealing with ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This has been my boyfriend for about a year in a half now. He asked was I hungry and of course I
said "Yes" we went to go get a bite to eat, while we are eating I started to fell weird but I didn't think
nothing of it I just kept eating. After we ate we then went to his house and started to chill you know
one thing lead to another. This was like a daily routine for me I went at night this time I laid down
and I felt as sick as a dog, so I went to the bathroom to see if I could throw up but I couldn't. so I
just went back and laid down. Months went passed and I'm trying to put on my jeans notice that it
was a struggle getting them on I looked in the mirror and stared at my body thinking why am I'm
getting so fat I thought to myself "hope I'm not pregnant" and didn't think nothing of it. So I went
into the store to get something to eat and I walk right past the pregnancy tests then I stop and walk
back to them and grab one. So I'm walking up to the counter to put my grippos, drink, and test up
there feeling scared. I went home and pee on the stick I was as scared as a rat coming into light. So I
covered my face with one of my hands, and peek between two of my fingers it was true I was
pregnant! What was I going to tell my boyfriend that's all I thought about?
What's was my next move I knew I needed to tell him and tell him soon. So I sent a text it read "cn
we talk I have sumn 2 tell u", he replied "of course abt wat?" I said I'll tell you when I

The hCG Diet Essay
The hCG diet was designed nearly 50 years ago by a British physician whose belief that a hormone
found in pregnant women would help people lose weight rapidly and reduce fat. This diet demands
that a person's caloric intake be no more than 500 calories a day along with a daily injection of hCG.
hCG is also known as human chorionic gonadotropin. It is also available in pill form or drops.
hCG has proven to be an acceptable diet program that millions of dieters have reaped benefits from.
It can help a dieter lose up to a pound a day with some people losing even more, as well as keeping
the weight off after returning to a normal lifestyle.
The HCG diet is different from other diet programs. Whether you want to lose 10 or 100 ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
At 500 calories per day this diet does not meet the U.S. nutritional dietary guidelines.
While this diet does promise quick and easy weight loss at first, it is because you are eating fewer
calories than you are burning off.
The diet plan is simple and straight–forward. The following is an example of a typical day on this
diet:
Breakfast includes tea or coffee in any amount without any sugar. Saccharin or stevia may be used,
however, only one tablespoon of milk in a 24 hour period is allowed
Lunch includes 3 oz of veal, chicken, beef or fish with all visible fat removed. The meat must be
weighed raw before cooking. It should be grilled or boiled only.
Only one vegetable with lunch is allowed from the following: green salad, spinach, chard, chicory,
tomatoes, celery, fennel, onions, red radishes, cucumbers, asparagus, cabbage.
One breadstick or melba toast
An apple, orange, or a handful of strawberries or one–half grapefruit.
Dinner is the same as your lunch choices.
Tea, coffee, plain water or mineral water are allowed in any quantity at any time. The juice of one
lemon daily is allowed for all purposes. Salt (minimal), pepper, vinegar, mustard powder, garlic,
sweet basil, parsley, thyme, marjoram, etc., may be used for seasoning. But NO OIL, BUTTER or
DRESSING.
Any diet is tough to follow. Controversy encompasses just about any diet plan found on the market
today. Most diet fads have their zealous followers

Argumentative Essay On Abortion
Rosann Clarke Write up # 2. Abortion is a very sensitive and controversial topic. There are people
who believe that abortion should be a right and a woman should be able to decide whether to
terminate her pregnancy. Persons with this perspective are pro–choice. However, there are others
who believe that abortion is not a right and a woman should not be able to terminate a pregnancy
just because she doesn't want to have a baby. People with that view are pro–life. Because abortion is
a debatable issue and has these two perspectives linked to it, we can group arguments used to
support either perspective into categories of pros and cons. Three pros of this topic are; 'A baby
should not come into the world unwanted', 'Abortion is a justified means of population control', and
'The US Supreme Court has declared abortion to be a fundamental right'. Whereas three cons are;
'Abortion promotes a culture in which human life is disposable', 'Abortion eliminates the potential of
societal contributions of a future human being', and 'Abortion is murder, the killing of an innocent
human being is wrong even if that human being has yet to be born'. As controversial as the subject
of abortion can be, it is more than just a debatable topic for interesting group conversations or small
talk. It is a Health Issue because this procedure, whether it is done medically or surgically comes
with health risks and consequences. I will be discussing some of the different ways in which this
health issue

Essay On Pregnant Women In America
Introduction: In the past thirty years the number of incarcerated women in the United States
increased by 646%, it is estimated that 6–10% of these women were pregnant at intake. "An
Examination of Care Practices of Pregnant Women Incarcerated in Jail Facilities in the United
States," is a study that examined the pregnancy related accommodation and health care provided for
regional jail populations. Prior to this study no other study examined regional jail populations, they
strictly focused on prison populations. This study is a quantitative survey of common practices and
policies implemented across 53 jail facilities in the United States as a function of geographic region.
This survey was administered through phone or email to employees ... Show more content on
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Those who agreed to participate in the survey had to option to take it over the phone or have the
survey emailed to them. Less than half of the jails, 37.7%, reported that they give pregnancy tests to
all women who enter the facility. While 45.3% reported that they rely on the women's self report of
pregnancy status and performed tests to confirm pregnancy. Once pregnancy was confirmed less
than 30% of the facilities informed women of options such as adoption or termination. All of the
jails reported to having onsite medical care, the majority of the jails reported that they do not charge
for OB/GYN medical services. However, almost one third of the facilities reported that they do not
have onsite OB/GYN care instead they transport women outside of the jail for medical care. Lastly,
only 68% of the jails reported to providing infection disease screening, and only 44% provide
ultrasounds to women during The majority of the facilities reported that they provide a bottom bunk,
food supplements, and prenatal vitamin to pregnant inmates. In spite of this, most facilities do not
provide fluid supplement or healthy food options. Nine of the participating jails were asked if
programs are provided for pregnant women in their facilities. Only five of the facilities provide
programs, which include parenting classes and a pregnancy class. About half of the jail reported that
pregnant women who were addicted to opioids went through withdrawal

Summary : ' Fall 2015 '
Joel Rivas
BSC 1085
Fall 2015
Report 5
Matt and Maria have spent a significant amount of time together and they have started became a
sexual couple. Maria and Matt are both over the age of 21 years old; therefore, they agreed to
become a consenting couple. Maria started utilizing the rhythm method as her preferred method
which is birth control. Several weeks ago she did not get her period on the dates she anticipated by
her rhythm method of birth control. The following week Maria's period did not occur when expected
and now making her miss two consecutives menstrual periods. Now they anticipate that she might
be pregnant, Maria immediately obtained a pregnant test from the local pharmacy and then
confirmed that she is indeed pregnant. Although she is excited about the prospects of having a child,
she reflects on her life style during the past several months and recalls with some concerns, such as
her and Matt have been partying on the regular and extensively: therefore, consuming significant
amount of alcohol on several occasions.
First, by using the rhythm method of birth control comes with a price. Birth control comes with its
pro's and con's. Some examples for the Pro's: it is a natural source; it shows that most couples enjoy
the rhythm method of birth control because it does not require taking other synthetic hormones or
inserting medical devices for pregnancy prevention. Also, it is an equal participation system; most
couples see that using the rhythm method of

Monitoring Assisted Reproductive Technology ( Icmart )
INTRODUCTION
1.0 BACKGROUND
The world has witnessed a marked increase in patients presenting to infertility clinics in the past
three decades.1 Nigeria lies within the infertility belt where prevalence of infertility is at the
highest.2 Infertility has been found to be the leading reason for gynaecological consultations
(accounting for about 60%) with a prevalence of about 15% in Nigeria.3 According to the World
Health Organization (WHO) and International Committee for Monitoring Assisted Reproductive
Technology (ICMART), infertility is defined clinically as a disease of the reproductive system
characterized by a failure to achieve successful pregnancy after twelve months or more of regular
unprotected sexual intercourse.4
Reproduction either in vivo or in vitro is dependent on the presence of viable gametes (sperm and
ovum), a successful sperm to ovum interaction; fertilization and an effective implantation of the
fertilized ovum onto the endometrial wall of the uterus.3 In a study carried out in south western
Nigeria, the common causes of infertility were: tubal factor (39.5%), uterine factor (30%), and
ovarian factor (13%).5 Other causes included cervical factor (3%), pelvic inflammatory disease PID
(5.5%), and endometriosis (2.5%).5
In–vitro Fertilization (IVF) treatment offers the highest pregnancy rate irrespective of the cause of
infertility.6 The first successful IVF procedure was documented by Dr Edwards and Dr Steptoe in
1978, where ova and sperm were

Gestational Trophoblastic Disease
Gestational Trophoblastic Disease Green. Blue. Purple. Orange. Yellow. Red. Pink. Teal. Peach.
Gray. What do all these colors have in common? Each color symbolizes the ribbons our nation
proudly uses to help educate and raise awareness about cancer. Each ribbon symbolizes a family
member, friend, co–worker, significant other, and/or neighbor who suffer from some form of cancer.
Many different varieties of cancers are widely known; however, cases show that Gestational
Trophoblastic Diseases are extremely rare but potentially dangerous forms of uterine cancer that can
affect pregnant woman during the beginning stages throughout fertilization (Gestational
Trophoblastic Disease, 2012). There are two forms of the Gestational Trophoblastic Disease,
Hydatidiform mole is a non–cancerous form, where a fetus may or may–not develop. Out of all the
types of uterine cancers presently known, Hydatidiform Mole¬¬––commonly known as a "molar
pregnancy"––affects one out of every 1,000 pregnancies (Hydatidiform Mole, 2012).
Choriocarcinoma is the cancerous form and is even less common by affecting roughly two to seven
pregnancies out of 100,000 in the United States. In addition, choriocarcinoma molar pregnancies are
more common in Mexico, Southeast Asia, the Philippines, and African countries. Furthermore,
Caucasian women in the Unites States are at higher risk than African American Women.
Consequently, women over the age of 40 or women who have had prior molar pregnancies or
miscarriages

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