A mature, well functioning financial system and institutions is critical to maximum economic
growth. Discuss completely the role of financial markets, institutions, and instruments (sources
and uses of funds) in sustaining and augmenting economic growth. Include in your response a
discussion of direct finance and indirect finance, the money market and capital market, and the
problem depository institutions face in managing their assets (use of funds) and liabilities (source
of funds).
Solution
Financial System and Economic growth:
Financial systems, i.e. financial intermediaries and financial markets, are important for
economic growth. They can lead to a more efficient allocation of resources because they reduce
the costs of moving funds between borrowers and lenders, and help overcome an information
asymmetry between borrowers and lenders. If they do not function well the economy cannot
operate efficiently and economic growth will be negatively affected.
Some economists just do not believe that the finance-growth relationship is important. For
instance, Robert Lucas asserted in 1988 that economists badly over-stress the role of financial
factors in economic growth. Moreover, Joan Robertson declared in 1952 that \"where enterprise
leads, finance follows\". According to this view, economic development creates demands for
particular types of financial arrangements, and the financial system responds automatically to
these demands.
Other economists strongly believe in the importance of the financial system for economic
growth. They address the issue of what the optimal financial system should look like. Overall,
the notion seems to develop that the optimal financial system, in combination with a well-
developed legal system, should incorporate elements of both direct, market and indirect, bank-
based finance. A well-developed financial system should improve the efficiency of financing
decisions, favouring a better allocation of resources and thereby economic growth.
The Role of Financial Markets, Institutions, and Instruments sustaining economic growth:
The financial system comprises all financial markets, instruments and institutions. Today
I would like to address the issue of whether the design of the financial system matters for
economic growth.
The role of finance in economic growth will have policy implications and shape future
policy-oriented research. The impact of finance on economic growth will influence the priority
that policymakers and advisors attach to reforming financial sector policies. Furthermore,
convincing evidence that the financial system influences long-run economic growth will
advertise the urgent need for research on the political, legal, regulatory, and policy determinants
of financial development. In contrast, if a sufficiently abundant quantity of research indicates
that the operation of the financial sector merely responds to economic development, then this
will almost certainly mitigate the intensity of research on t.
Fiduciary or paper money is issued by the Central Bank on the basis of
computation of estimated demand for cash. Monetary policy guides the Central
Bank’s supply of money in order to achieve the objectives of price stability (or low
inflation rate), full employment, and growth in aggregate income.
I share this presentation on financial system that can help you to understand all about - how our financial system work and what are there important pillars that can help to build the economy of the world. Through the ppt I also attached the international financial central ranks ranking 2023 (GDP) of all over the world.
Fiduciary or paper money is issued by the Central Bank on the basis of
computation of estimated demand for cash. Monetary policy guides the Central
Bank’s supply of money in order to achieve the objectives of price stability (or low
inflation rate), full employment, and growth in aggregate income.
I share this presentation on financial system that can help you to understand all about - how our financial system work and what are there important pillars that can help to build the economy of the world. Through the ppt I also attached the international financial central ranks ranking 2023 (GDP) of all over the world.
Financial development is one of the issues in recent decades in order to achieve economic growth and development, as improve performance, especially in terms of oversight has led the government to curb corruption and to set rules and regulations. In most developing countries, the public sector plays an important role in the market. The aim of this study is to compare the situation between Iran and Norway during the period 1970 -2014 in the financial markets and the public. The results of the comparative two oil economies suggest that variables, including oil revenues share of GDP in the economy and how to deal with this income, has been affected the state and public of sector financial indicators examined in the two countries. Norway's economy has failed to manage this income, to help improve their financial situation. Aldo comparing the financial status of the situation, Iran has been more stable during the period under review. Besides, the financial indicators in Norway are more dynamic than Iran.
Running head GLOBAL FINANCIAL SYSTEMS .docxjeanettehully
Running head: GLOBAL FINANCIAL SYSTEMS 1
GLOBAL FINANCIAL SYSTEMS 8
Global Financial Systems
The global financial system plays integral roles in facilitating the international flow of financial capital used in trade financing and investments. Through the system, global entities utilize financial institutions such as the central banks to guide the flow of capital. Consequently, they enhance outcomes in the economy. Financial stability is an essential element of any economy that aims at trading and succeeding in international financial markets. Apparently, the systems play crucial roles in globalizing financial capital and operating open economies (Campbell, Coyle & Turner, 2016). A significant event that negatively impacted the global financial system was the crisis between 2007-2008.The phenomenon was characterized by the sub-prime mortgage crisis which adversely affected banks and financial institutions in America and other surrounding countries (Campbell et al., 2016). The resulting outcomes destabilized the economy with banks being forced to reduce mortgage rates and lose in order to recover their money. With such events taking place, it remains prudent to discuss the nature of the global financial system, its influence, regulatory initiatives, impacts and its overall value and ability
.
Nature of the global financial system
The nature of the global financial system is highly integrated and interconnected. After the financial crisis of 2008, countries began uniting and collaborating to spread and address financial risks. By doing so, savings spread evenly across many countries around the globe (Yildirim & Efthyvoulou, 2018). The system’s nature indicates a case of increased financial movement and freedom. Currently, the system allows small economic players to direct their wealth and capital to any country around the globe. The concept of integration is evident where countries unite and facilitate global transactions. Mostly, financial systems in affluent countries ensure that they have regulatory policies which effectively address economic challenges (Yildirim & Efthyvoulou, 2018). Central banks, insurance and security regulators formulate policies which ensure that all countries benefit equally. Intergration is effective in ensuring economic progress and stability in the entire financial system. Through an increased interconnectedness, adverse financial risks are addressed in a timely manner to avoid economic downfalls
.
The diversification of assets in a primary practice in global financial systems. Countries require robust financial systems in order to succeed and progress in their economic ventures. By embracing diversification, entities strive to increase their economies of scope to other nations. The activity is beneficial because it allows organizatio ...
DETERMINANTS OF BANK-SPECIFIC AND MACROECONOMIC FACTORS THAT ARE AFFECTING T...Uni-assignment
DETERMINANTS OF BANK-SPECIFIC AND MACROECONOMIC FACTORS THAT ARE AFFECTING THE PROFITABILITY OF COMMERCIAL BANKS A STUDY ON THE BRIC FROM THE EMERGING MARKET
The major place where grantic continental crust is manufactured is.pdfexpressionnoveltiesk
The major place where grantic continental crust is manufactured is
a. Over hot spots
b. In rift valleys
c. At convergent margins
d. It was apparently all produced billions of years ago and is not produced under the present
conditions of Earth
Solution
Answer is A. Materials are also added to continental crust through intrusive and extrusive
igneous activity. Plumes of magma from the Earth\'s asthenosphere are generated from the
friction produced at the contact zone where oceanic crust slides past continental crust. These
plumes then rise upward into continental crust to form granitic plutons or a variety of volcanic
features on the Earth\'s surface. A pluton can be defined as any igneous intrusion of rock that
forms a kilometre or more below the Earth\'s surface..
There seems to be some evidence supporting the idea of a political b.pdfexpressionnoveltiesk
There seems to be some evidence supporting the idea of a political business cycle. That is, the
economy tends to experience particularly fast growth just prior to elections and slower growth or
recessions some time after elections.
A. Explain why and how this happens. That is, what is the underlying motivation of those
responsible for this effect and what actions (fiscal and/or monetary) do they take to achieve it? (4
points)
B. Use the AD/AS model and the Phillips curve model to explain what effect the actions taken in
part A will have on inflation if the economy starts from full employment. (4 points)
C. Now, it may be that the position of the Phillips curve depends on people\'s expectations. If
people have adaptive expectations and elected officials act in a way that is consistent with a
political business cycle, how is the Phillips curve likely to shift? (4 points)
D. In light of this, offer an explanation for the (actual) observation that countries with central
banks that are very independent of elected officials tend to have lower inflation than do countries
with central banks very closely tied to elected officials. Hint: Think about the ability of the
central bank to carry out appropriate policy. (4 points)
Solution
Political Business Cycles
A)
We know that political business cycle means that the role of political parties in influancing
unemployment and inflation trade off in the economic system. The political parties that are ruled
in the government then before elections they are improve the economy. At the time of elections
the ruling party will stabilize unemployment and inflation. It was done becuase they want to
recelect and again to get power. When they achieve the targeted level of inflation and
unemployment that will lead to get more votes from the next elections. So they create any policy
in the economic system just before the elections.
Some voters in the society look at the policy initiated by the ruling party. It is better than before
then they again elected the ruling party. This was the reason for higher growth in the election
time.
B)
At the time of election the ruling party is created stagnant employment and also created desired
rate of inflation. The Monetory expansion will inprove the level of inflation. When the ruling
party expected inflation that to reduced the desired level of inflation in the economy. Then the
party will take rational decision in the sitution and also use all the available information in to
considerations. Then good policy of the ruling party the Philips curve is shifted to right.
C)
We know that the philips curve represented the trade off beween inflation and unemployment.
We know that the ruling party will exploit the short run philips curve. They are creating
disinflation in the society. They can used the expansionary monetory and fiscal policy. Here we
see that the steeper short run philops curve the ability of the government will reduce their ability.
D)
The important criticism is that in th.
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Similar to A mature, well functioning financial system and institutions is crit.pdf
Financial development is one of the issues in recent decades in order to achieve economic growth and development, as improve performance, especially in terms of oversight has led the government to curb corruption and to set rules and regulations. In most developing countries, the public sector plays an important role in the market. The aim of this study is to compare the situation between Iran and Norway during the period 1970 -2014 in the financial markets and the public. The results of the comparative two oil economies suggest that variables, including oil revenues share of GDP in the economy and how to deal with this income, has been affected the state and public of sector financial indicators examined in the two countries. Norway's economy has failed to manage this income, to help improve their financial situation. Aldo comparing the financial status of the situation, Iran has been more stable during the period under review. Besides, the financial indicators in Norway are more dynamic than Iran.
Running head GLOBAL FINANCIAL SYSTEMS .docxjeanettehully
Running head: GLOBAL FINANCIAL SYSTEMS 1
GLOBAL FINANCIAL SYSTEMS 8
Global Financial Systems
The global financial system plays integral roles in facilitating the international flow of financial capital used in trade financing and investments. Through the system, global entities utilize financial institutions such as the central banks to guide the flow of capital. Consequently, they enhance outcomes in the economy. Financial stability is an essential element of any economy that aims at trading and succeeding in international financial markets. Apparently, the systems play crucial roles in globalizing financial capital and operating open economies (Campbell, Coyle & Turner, 2016). A significant event that negatively impacted the global financial system was the crisis between 2007-2008.The phenomenon was characterized by the sub-prime mortgage crisis which adversely affected banks and financial institutions in America and other surrounding countries (Campbell et al., 2016). The resulting outcomes destabilized the economy with banks being forced to reduce mortgage rates and lose in order to recover their money. With such events taking place, it remains prudent to discuss the nature of the global financial system, its influence, regulatory initiatives, impacts and its overall value and ability
.
Nature of the global financial system
The nature of the global financial system is highly integrated and interconnected. After the financial crisis of 2008, countries began uniting and collaborating to spread and address financial risks. By doing so, savings spread evenly across many countries around the globe (Yildirim & Efthyvoulou, 2018). The system’s nature indicates a case of increased financial movement and freedom. Currently, the system allows small economic players to direct their wealth and capital to any country around the globe. The concept of integration is evident where countries unite and facilitate global transactions. Mostly, financial systems in affluent countries ensure that they have regulatory policies which effectively address economic challenges (Yildirim & Efthyvoulou, 2018). Central banks, insurance and security regulators formulate policies which ensure that all countries benefit equally. Intergration is effective in ensuring economic progress and stability in the entire financial system. Through an increased interconnectedness, adverse financial risks are addressed in a timely manner to avoid economic downfalls
.
The diversification of assets in a primary practice in global financial systems. Countries require robust financial systems in order to succeed and progress in their economic ventures. By embracing diversification, entities strive to increase their economies of scope to other nations. The activity is beneficial because it allows organizatio ...
DETERMINANTS OF BANK-SPECIFIC AND MACROECONOMIC FACTORS THAT ARE AFFECTING T...Uni-assignment
DETERMINANTS OF BANK-SPECIFIC AND MACROECONOMIC FACTORS THAT ARE AFFECTING THE PROFITABILITY OF COMMERCIAL BANKS A STUDY ON THE BRIC FROM THE EMERGING MARKET
The major place where grantic continental crust is manufactured is.pdfexpressionnoveltiesk
The major place where grantic continental crust is manufactured is
a. Over hot spots
b. In rift valleys
c. At convergent margins
d. It was apparently all produced billions of years ago and is not produced under the present
conditions of Earth
Solution
Answer is A. Materials are also added to continental crust through intrusive and extrusive
igneous activity. Plumes of magma from the Earth\'s asthenosphere are generated from the
friction produced at the contact zone where oceanic crust slides past continental crust. These
plumes then rise upward into continental crust to form granitic plutons or a variety of volcanic
features on the Earth\'s surface. A pluton can be defined as any igneous intrusion of rock that
forms a kilometre or more below the Earth\'s surface..
There seems to be some evidence supporting the idea of a political b.pdfexpressionnoveltiesk
There seems to be some evidence supporting the idea of a political business cycle. That is, the
economy tends to experience particularly fast growth just prior to elections and slower growth or
recessions some time after elections.
A. Explain why and how this happens. That is, what is the underlying motivation of those
responsible for this effect and what actions (fiscal and/or monetary) do they take to achieve it? (4
points)
B. Use the AD/AS model and the Phillips curve model to explain what effect the actions taken in
part A will have on inflation if the economy starts from full employment. (4 points)
C. Now, it may be that the position of the Phillips curve depends on people\'s expectations. If
people have adaptive expectations and elected officials act in a way that is consistent with a
political business cycle, how is the Phillips curve likely to shift? (4 points)
D. In light of this, offer an explanation for the (actual) observation that countries with central
banks that are very independent of elected officials tend to have lower inflation than do countries
with central banks very closely tied to elected officials. Hint: Think about the ability of the
central bank to carry out appropriate policy. (4 points)
Solution
Political Business Cycles
A)
We know that political business cycle means that the role of political parties in influancing
unemployment and inflation trade off in the economic system. The political parties that are ruled
in the government then before elections they are improve the economy. At the time of elections
the ruling party will stabilize unemployment and inflation. It was done becuase they want to
recelect and again to get power. When they achieve the targeted level of inflation and
unemployment that will lead to get more votes from the next elections. So they create any policy
in the economic system just before the elections.
Some voters in the society look at the policy initiated by the ruling party. It is better than before
then they again elected the ruling party. This was the reason for higher growth in the election
time.
B)
At the time of election the ruling party is created stagnant employment and also created desired
rate of inflation. The Monetory expansion will inprove the level of inflation. When the ruling
party expected inflation that to reduced the desired level of inflation in the economy. Then the
party will take rational decision in the sitution and also use all the available information in to
considerations. Then good policy of the ruling party the Philips curve is shifted to right.
C)
We know that the philips curve represented the trade off beween inflation and unemployment.
We know that the ruling party will exploit the short run philips curve. They are creating
disinflation in the society. They can used the expansionary monetory and fiscal policy. Here we
see that the steeper short run philops curve the ability of the government will reduce their ability.
D)
The important criticism is that in th.
The CSUN IEEE chapter is to choose a president, treasurer and secret.pdfexpressionnoveltiesk
The CSUN IEEE chapter is to choose a president, treasurer and secretary, all different, from a
group of 10 students. How many different choices of officers are possible if:
a. There are no restrictions
b. A and B will not serve together
c. C and D will serve together or not at all
d. E must be an officer
e. F will serve only if he is a president.
Solution
a.There are no restrictions- 10C3
e. F will serve only if he is a president.-10C1.
The atmosphere on earth contains nitrogen in a form that is unusable .pdfexpressionnoveltiesk
The atmosphere on earth contains nitrogen in a form that is unusable to plants True False
Solution
The statement is true.
Explanations: Although a sufficient amount of nitrogen gas is available in the environmental air
but the plants are biologically unable to utilize this gaseous nitrogen for various physiological
purposes. From evolutionary point of view, plants can utilize only compound form of nitrogen
solubilized as salts for biological relavance. Since nitrogen is extremely essential for bio-
synthesis of many biomolecules and sustaining life, natural methodologies to utilize the gaseous
oxygen have been developed.
A classical example for the same is presence of nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the air such as Nostoc,
Anabaena etc. These bacteria reside in the soild near the roots of legumes and pulse plants and
help in fixation of atmospheric gaseous nitrogen into soluble form. This nitrogen is then utilized
by the plants for various physiological functions..
explain how fungi acquire their nutrients. describe the basic body p.pdfexpressionnoveltiesk
explain how fungi acquire their nutrients. describe the basic body plan of a fungus. explain how
this body plan is an adaptation that facilitates feeding the fungi
Solution
Nutrition in fungus: Fungi are heterotrohpic unicellular/multicellular eukaryotes which acquire
their food by saprophytic modes i.e. acquisition of pre-digested food/nurients from a host by
growing on it. Fungus can grow in a wide range of environment and prefer most and dampy
areas for growth. They are very rigid in their growth and can grow on a variety of substrates like
an old piece of log, grass, sand, eatables, dead animals etc.Some fungi also secrete digestive
enzymes onto their substrate for breaking down their food into smaller subunits appropriate for
direct uptake.
Structure: A fungus can be broadly divided into an aerial fruiting body and an underground
mycelium. The aerial body is divided into two parts, the upper umbrella like basidium and the
stalk called stipe. The stalk or the stem of the aerial part is made up of a bunch of linearly
arranged tubular structures called hyphae. The aerial umbrella like strucutre or basidium contains
smaller linear strips on the inner side containing fungal spores. Thus, the aerial part represents
the reproductive part of a fungus.
The underground mycelia represent the root-like structure of fungus. They penetrate into the
substratum and help in digesting the upper hard tissue of the substrate and suck the digested
nutrients/food from the host. The nutrients are then transported to the whole body of fungus
traversing through the mycelia, stipe and the basidium.
Thus, this simple body plan of a fungus helps in feeding them..
Define microbial growth. Ftsz and septum are important features of s.pdfexpressionnoveltiesk
Define microbial growth. Ftsz and septum are important features of some binary fission
process. Explain the DNA replication conundrum and how some species are able to overcome it.
How is peptidoglycan synthesis done during cell growth? What does autolysin do? What does
penicillin block? What does MreB determine in terms of cell morphology as well as
peptidoglycan synthesis? What about bacteria that do not have MreB? How do you calculate
final cell number during growth? You should be able to draw a basic growth curve and point out
where the growth phases correspond to. Add a diauxic shift to your growth curve. What does it
represent? Sterilization vs disinfection vs decontamination Explain decimal reduction time and
thermal death time. Autoclave is necessary to kill spores because? What does pasteurization
accomplish? What other mean of killing or removing microbes are there? -static vs -cidal vs -
lytic agents What are the differences between MIC and MBC, and how are they conventionally
determined? Sterilants vs disinfectants vs sanitizers vs antiseptics/germicides
Solution
Define microbial growth.
Microbial growth refers to increase in cell number of microorganisms. Microbial growth
generally takes place due to binary fission of the microbial cells. This growth is influenced by
nutrients available and environmental conditions where the cells are growing.
Sterilization vs disinfection vs decontamination
Sterilization refers to complete elimination of microorganisms and spores.
Disinfection is the process of elimination of some of the pathogenic microorganism but not all.
Decontamination is the process of reducing the load of microorganisms from used items before
their disposal.
Autoclave is necessary to kill spores because spores are resistant forms of microbes which are
very difficult to kill. Autoclave runs on the principle of steam under pressure. Here the high
pressure combined with moist steam effectively kills bacteria along with spores.
What does pasteurization accomplish?
Pasteurization is a process where heat is used to accomplish killing of pathogenic bacteria from
foods thus making them safe to eat..
Suppose that a nation has a labor force of 100 people. In January, A.pdfexpressionnoveltiesk
Suppose that a nation has a labor force of 100 people. In January, Amy, Barbara, Carine, and
Denise are unemployed; in February, those four find jobs, but Evan, Francesco, George, and
Horatio become unemployed. Suppose further that every month, the previous four who were
unemployed find jobs and four different people become unemployed. Throughout the year,
however, the same three people- Ito, Jack, and Kelley-continually remain unemployed because
their skills are a poor match with employers\' requirements
Solution
Though there is no question posted, but I guess you must be looking for unemployment rate.
So in total 4 + 3 people out of 100 are unemployed, so unemployment rate is 7%.
Out of this 7%, 3% (Ito, Jack, and Kelley) are unemployed because of the economic structure
and 4% (u enemployed) because of frictional nature i.r they are unemplyed because they left
their jobs to find better ones..
For which of the following types of interpolation is it possible, in .pdfexpressionnoveltiesk
For which of the following types of interpolation is it possible, in general, to preserve
monotonicity (increasing or decreasing) in a set of n data points?
Solution
For proper interpolation, in order to pass through all n points, (n-1) degree polynomial is
sufficient in order to montonically depict the curve and satisfy all the coordinates of the n data
set points
Hence the correct answer is Option A.
SOMEONE HELP Complete sentences, stating the differences and relati.pdfexpressionnoveltiesk
SOMEONE HELP: Complete sentences, stating the differences and relationships between the
two terms, and give specific examples where appropriate.
1. gene flow / genetic drift
2. sexual selection / artificial selection
3. ring species / biological species concept
4. hybrid inviability / temporal isolation
5. autopolyploidy / allopatric speciation
6. molecular clock / cladogram
7. gradualism / uniformitarianism
8. extreme thermophiles / viroids
9. HIV / Creutzfeld-Jakob disease
10. biofilm / microbial fuel cell
Solution
Q.No 1
Genetic drift is a mechanism of evolution of biological species that takes place because of the
change in the frequency of alleles in a population. These changes in the allele frequency in a
population occur randomly. One very common example to describe the genetic drift would be
that most of the human families have different number of boys and girls, as the X or Y alleles
have been passed differently into the new generation from the parents. Although the X and Y
alleles do not really contribute for the evolution, the frequency changes in other alleles would
have a considerable effect for evolution.
Gene flow is a process of evolution that takes place when genes or alleles move from one
population to another. It is also known as the Gene Migration, and that could cause changes in
the allele frequency as well as some variations in the gene pool of both populations. There are
some good examples to support this phenomenon from humans regarding a developed immunity
for malaria among new Western Africans after their parents mated with Europeans who initially
had the immunity. It is interesting to notice that gene flow could take place between two species,
as well.
Q.No 2
Sexual selection enhances mating success or the number of copulations, while natural selection
tends to produce well-adapted individuals to their environment. Sexual selection does not adapt
the individuals to their environment. Unlike sexual selection, natural selection acts on traits
which increase the fitness of members in a population. Certain adaptations have been derived
from the sexual selection which could never have been arisen from natural selection alone (Ex:
the neck of the giraffe, various plumages of most male birds etc.). Generally sexual selection
depends on the success of one sex while natural selection depends on the success of both sexes in
relation to the general condition of life. In most of the animals, certain traits related to their
sexual selection process do not express their characteristics until the organism is able to mate,
but naturally selected traits may occur at birth of the organism during the process of natural
selection.
Q.No 3
A ring species is a connected series of neighbouring populations, each of which can interbreed
with closely sited related populations, but for which there exist at least two \"end\" populations in
the series, which are too distantly related to interbreed, though there is a potential gene flow
between e.
Recontruct the cultural differences argumentSolutionCultural d.pdfexpressionnoveltiesk
Recontruct the cultural differences argument
Solution
Cultural differences argument says, different cultures have different morals. As in one thing can
be wrong or illegal for ine community but it could be perfectly fine and ok with the other
community.
For eg, eating dead was considered wrong by Greeks, whereas callatians considered it as their
right. So it is just a matter of opinion which varies from culture to culture , there is no right no
wrong..
Question 12 20 pts Explain five criteria of Statement No. 52 in deter.pdfexpressionnoveltiesk
Question 12 20 pts Explain five criteria of Statement No. 52 in determining the foreign currency
as the functional currency. HTML Editor Paragraph ?
Solution
Answer) Application of this Statement will affect financial reporting of most companies
operating in foreign countries. The differing operating and economic characteristics of varied
types of foreign operations will be distinguished in accounting for them. Adjustments for
currency exchange rate changes are excluded from net income for those fluctuations that do not
impact cash flows and are included for those that do. The requirements reflect these general
conclusions:
The economic effects of an exchange rate change on an operation that is relatively self-contained
and integrated within a foreign country relate to the net investment in that operation. Translation
adjustments that arise from consolidating that foreign operation do not impact cash flows and are
not included in net income.
The economic effects of an exchange rate change on a foreign operation that is an extension of
the parent\'s domestic operations relate to individual assets and liabilities and impact the parent\'s
cash flows directly. Accordingly, the exchange gains and losses in such an operation are included
in net income.
Contracts, transactions, or balances that are, in fact, effective hedges of foreign exchange risk
will be accounted for as hedges without regard to their form.
More specifically, this Statement replaces FASB Statement No. 8, Accounting for the
Translation of Foreign Currency Transactions and Foreign Currency Financial Statements, and
revises the existing accounting and reporting requirements for translation of foreign currency
transactions and foreign currency financial statements. It presents standards for foreign currency
translation that are designed to (1) provide information that is generally compatible with the
expected economic effects of a rate change on an enterprise\'s cash flows and equity and (2)
reflect in consolidated statements the financial results and relationships as measured in the
primary currency in which each entity conducts its business (referred to as its \"functional
currency\").
An entity\'s functional currency is the currency of the primary economic environment in which
that entity operates. The functional currency can be the dollar or a foreign currency depending on
the facts. Normally, it will be the currency of the economic environment in which cash is
generated and expended by the entity. An entity can be any form of operation, including a
subsidiary, division, branch, or joint venture. The Statement provides guidance for this key
determination in which management\'s judgment is essential in assessing the facts.
A currency in a highly inflationary environment (3-year inflation rate of approximately 100
percent or more) is not considered stable enough to serve as a functional currency and the more
stable currency of the reporting parent is to be used instead.
The functio.
Please write a project proposal by seeing the following project repo.pdfexpressionnoveltiesk
Please write a project proposal by seeing the following project report PDF. Your proposal should
be in IEEE format and length of six pages.please go to following link
https://github.com/iaperez/DataMiningProject-WhoMadeThatMovie
Solution
Carter and Barker (2010) describe listing as a twofold bookish discipline—the organized listing
of books (enumerative bibliography) and therefore the systematic, description of books as
physical objects (descriptive bibliography). These 2 distinct ideas and practices have separate
rationales and serve differing functions. Innovators and originators within the field embrace W.
W. Greg, Fredson Bowers, Duke of Edinburgh Elizabeth Gaskell, G. Thomas Tanselle.
Bowers (1949) refers to enumerative listing as a procedure that identifies books in “specific
collections or libraries,” in an exceedingly specific discipline, by Associate in Nursing author,
printer, or amount of production (3). He refers to descriptive listing because the systematic
description of a book as a fabric or physical object. Analytical listing, the cornerstone of
descriptive listing, investigates the printing and every one physical options of a book that yield
proof establishing a book\'s history and transmission (Feather 10). it\'s the preliminary part of
listing description and provides the vocabulary, principles and techniques of research that
descriptive bibliographers apply and on that they base their descriptive follow.
Descriptive bibliographers follow specific conventions and associated classification in their
description. Titles and title pages ar transcribed in an exceedingly quasi-facsimile vogue and
illustration. Illustration, typeface, binding, paper, and every one physical parts associated with
distinctive a book follow conventional conventions, as Bower\'s established in his foundational
piece, The Principles of listing Description. The thought expressed during this book expands
substantively on W. W. Greg\'s groundbreaking theory that argued for the adoption of formal
listing principles (Greg 29). basically, analytical listing is bothered with objective, physical
analysis and history of a book whereas descriptive listing employs all information that analytical
listing furnishes then codifies it with a read to distinctive the perfect copy or style of a book that
almost all nearly represents the printer’s initial conception and intention in printing.
In addition to viewing listing study as being composed of 4 dependent approaches (enumerative,
descriptive, analytical, and textual), Bowers notes 2 additional subcategories of analysis,
specifically historical listing and aesthetic listing.[1] each historical listing, that involves the
investigation of printing practices, tools, and connected documents, and aesthetic listing, that
examines the art of coming up with sort and books, ar typically used by analytical
bibliographers.
D. F. McKenzie extended previous notions of listing as set forth by W. W. Greg, Bowers,
Elizabeth Gaskell a.
Does a countrys Institutional and legal system play a major role i.pdfexpressionnoveltiesk
Does a country\'s Institutional and legal system play a major role in corporate financing
decisions? If so how?
Solution
It plays a very important role. Taxation, institutional and legal systems all play a crucial role.
Tax treatment of interest, dividend, capital gains determine the capital structure and retention of
funds for investment. Also, what are the laws regarding default of payments determine the
proportion of debt. Is the institutional system so robust and developed as to allow easy raising of
funds determine the equity. The legal handling of liability to be incurred in case of any
wrongdoings or default determine the readiness of investors to invest money..
Most primate species a. live in social groups. b. live sol.pdfexpressionnoveltiesk
Most primate species
a. live in social groups.
b. live solitary lives.
c. are only social when predator activity is high.
d. live in social groups only during the breeding season.
Solution
The most primate species live in social groups. They are very much important to ecosystems in
which they live. They are one of the best pollinators as they feed on fruits and leaves as they
move between trees. They pass the seeds in their dropings and allow plants to spread across a
wide range. Gorillas, chimpanzees, bonobos,orangutans and various other species of gibbons are
some of the examples of these primates..
please do D E and F .C. Describe loads on Structures wl liui. . D..pdfexpressionnoveltiesk
please do D E and F .C. Describe loads on Structures wl liui. . D. Describe the concept of
equilibrium in structures with figures .E. Describe the differences between External and Internal
Forces. F. Describe Types of supports for 2D and 3D with figures. T in tho ctatically stable and
unstable as well as structurally
Solution
D-.
Male, 40 y o. comes to the office. First scheduled the appointment fo.pdfexpressionnoveltiesk
Male, 40 y o. comes to the office. First scheduled the appointment for a nasty cold\" which has
since seemed to be resolving, but he kept the appointment anyway. He complains (aside from
resolving cold sxs) of occasional headaches sometimes quite bad. He uses Motrin (600mgs)
maybe 4 timesweek for these. He also has episodes of profuse sweating and anxiety,
accompanied by pounding heart. He doesn\'t like the suggestion these are \"panic attacks he says
his mom had those \"she was a real basket case- we didn\'t get on on very wel\" Mom is deceased
age 65. dlt stroke) occasionally he gets dizzy on standing rapidly. Sometimes constipation is a
problem. Symptoms have been present as an adult-- more with age, had been attributed to stress
at work, but wants another opinion. His work ls described as \"stressful\" around the end of the
quarter (he\'s an accountant) but not all that bad\" between-times. He works out (running and
weights) 4week. Describes himself as pretty fit, and basically looks it, sleeps 5-8 hours/night.
Sometimes better than others. No prescription drugs. Has \"a couple beer on the weekend,
marijuana 1-2/year, denies other drug use. Says he avoids coffee, especially espresso \"makes me
too jittery\" Physical: Ht, 6\'0 wt. 160 BP 136 90 HR 74 Resp 20 Reflexes (patellar, achilles)
strong. A slight tremor appears present in the arms when held out and still. No abdominal or
neck masses on palpation. no abdominal tenderness. Heart sounds are normal, rythm regular, no
murmur. Lungs- some wheeze on forced exhalation; al lobes seem clear, CBC shows Inc. RBCs,
normal morphology and hemoglobin Normal WBC count, but with lymphocytosis Platelets
unremarkable TSH is normal Blood calcium is elevated. Blood glucose is slightly elevated UA
shows a trace of glucose in the urine
Solution
Cannabis sativa also called as Indian hemp or marijuana. The plant has resin called cannobinol
it is inert, on exposed to heat converted to active isomeric tetrahydrocannabinol. It is CNS
stimulant. The leaves and fruits , we used as tea to prepare a decoction. The symptoms of
intoxication are, Feeling detachment, euphoria, rapidly changing emotions Feeling of distress
and tightness in the chest He also has increased appetite, nausea, pressure in the head, ataxia,
restlessness, tachycardia, urinary frequency. In chronic poisoning degeneration of CNS occur,
weakness, tremors, red eyes, impotence and he may develop psychosis. Hence clinical
diagnosis is marijuana poisoning. Treatment includes 100ml of 50%glucose, 2mg . Naloxone and
100mg thiamine I.v. 5to10 mg. Of diazepam used, if the aggressive patient. If flashback occurs,
give anti-anxiety and antipsychotic drugs. Psychotherapy is also given. It is not conserned with
adrinal gland or tumour..
Describe and discuss the 2 pathways for antigen processing exogenou.pdfexpressionnoveltiesk
Describe and discuss the 2 pathways for antigen processing: exogenous and endogenous.
Solution
Answer :
Exogenous antigens: Exogenous antigens are produced outside of the host cell and enters the cell
by endocytosis or phagocytosis. These antigens includes bacteria and bacterial toxins, parasitic
worms, inhaled pollen or dust, Antigen presenting cells (macrophages, dendritic cells, and B
cells) degrade ingested exogenous antigen into peptide fragments within the endocytic
processing pathway. APCs then present the fragments to T helper cells (CD4+) by the use of
class II histocompatibility molecules on their surface.
Endogenous antigens are forgein antigens which are synthesised inside the body cells which
includes the viral proteins produced after a virus infects the cell or the abnormal prteins
synthesisd by cancerous cells. Fragments of endogenous antigens are processed and presented by
antigen presenting cells through class I MHC molecules. T cells displaying CD8 recognize
antigen associated with class I MHC molecules and thus are said to be class I MHC restricted..
List and describe the authentication methods businesses use to protec.pdfexpressionnoveltiesk
List and describe the authentication methods businesses use to protect their information both
internal and externally when transmitted to outside parties?
Solution
Please let me know if you need more information:-
when we say authentication first we need to protest the resources involved in our BUSINESS:-
our business needs should be like:-
1. we must keep avoiding unauthorized persions from accessing the resources.
2. we just limit resources[data] to access the BUSINESS involved persons what they are not
needed.
[ just providing access to what they really needed ]
To gain the above :-
we can follow many methods which are available :-
1.logon authentication
here we will be providing the username and password to the user/resorce to gain access to our
business data.based on userid we can limit the data too.
2.network authentication
based on network type which resource connected we can revoke the connection to our business
network
3.remote authentication
here remote authentcation will be involed in again username along with some security features
[RSA, OTP ..etc].
4.biometric authnetication
based on the resource physical presence of finger print / ratina ..etc scans we will be
authenticating the resources involved in business
5.smart card authentication.
when we give access to our business resources/outside we should be maintainging the encryption
technology to keep our data safe.
when we mention outside we should be able to make our data not understandble till it reaches to
our destination[resources] by using encrytption .
Thanks.
Let X equal the number of flips of a fair cointhat are required to.pdfexpressionnoveltiesk
Let X equal the number of flips of a fair coin
that are required to observe the same face on consecutive
flips.
(a) Find the pmf of X. Hint: Draw a tree diagram.
(b) Find the moment-generating function of X.
(c) Use the mgf to find the values of (i) the mean and (ii)
the variance of X.
(d) Find the values of (i) P(X 3), (ii) P(X 5), and
(iii) P(X = 3).
Solution.
Let K be a field. Prove that every not trivial (not necessarily fini.pdfexpressionnoveltiesk
Let K be a field. Prove that every not trivial (not necessarily finite dimensional) vector space V
over f has a basis. Denote V {0} by V*. Observe that a non-empty linearly independent subset
of V is an element of P(V*) . Let L P(V*) {} be the set of non-empty linearly independent
subsets of V and partially order L by inclusion.
(a) Let C be a chain in L. Prove that U= (Union)UUC
is an upper bound for C. Hint: The problem is to prove that U L, i.e U is a linearly independent
set. Assume some collection of elements v1, v2, . . . vn U with vivj for ij is linearly dependent.
Use Problem 4 to get a contradiction.
(b) Let M be a maximal element of L prove that M spans V .
(c) Now appeal to Zorn’s lemma to prove that V has a basis.
Solution
Theorem (Zorn’s lemma). Let S be a partially ordered set. If every totally ordered subset of S has
an upper bound, then S contains a maximal element
Let us try to use Zorn’s lemma to prove that an arbitrary nonzero vector space has a basis.
________________________________
For a nonzero vector space V over a field F, a basis of V is a subset B of V that is linearly
independent (i.e., no finite subset of B has a nontrivial F-linear relation) and spans V (i.e., every
element of V is an F-linear combination of finitely many elements of B).
Every nonzero vector space contains a basis.
Proof.
The idea is that a basis can be constructed as a maximal linearly independent set, and this
maximal set will be found with Zorn’s lemma.
Let V be a nonzero vector space and let S be the set of linearly independent sets in V . For
instance, a single nonzero v V is a linearly independent set, so {v} S. Thus S is different from
zero
.For two linearly independent sets L and L1 in V , declare L L1 0 if L L1 . This is the partial
ordering on S by inclusion. It is easy to see that any subset of a linearly independent set is also a
linearly independent set, so if L S then any subset of L is also in S. Assume {L}A is a totally
ordered subset of S. That is, every L is a linearly independent set in V and for any L and L in our
subset we have L L or L L. An upper bound for the L’s in S is the union L = S A L. Well, we
need to check L is really a linearly independent set (so L S); once that is settled then L is an
upper bound in S since L L for all A.
Pick any finite set of vectors v1, . . . , vn in L. We must show they are linearly independent. Each
vk is in some L, say v1 L1 , . . . , vn Ln . Since the L’s are totally ordered, one of the sets L1 , . .
. , Ln contains the others. That means v1, . . . , vn are all in a common L, so they are linearly
independent. Zorn’s lemma now tells us that S contains a maximal element: there is a linearly
independent set B in V that is not contained in any larger linearly independent set in V . We will
show B spans V , so it is a basis. P Let W be the span of B. That means W is the set of all finite
F-linear combinations k i=1 civi with k 1, ci F, and vi B. If B does not span V then W 6= V , so
we can pic.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
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An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
A mature, well functioning financial system and institutions is crit.pdf
1. A mature, well functioning financial system and institutions is critical to maximum economic
growth. Discuss completely the role of financial markets, institutions, and instruments (sources
and uses of funds) in sustaining and augmenting economic growth. Include in your response a
discussion of direct finance and indirect finance, the money market and capital market, and the
problem depository institutions face in managing their assets (use of funds) and liabilities (source
of funds).
Solution
Financial System and Economic growth:
Financial systems, i.e. financial intermediaries and financial markets, are important for
economic growth. They can lead to a more efficient allocation of resources because they reduce
the costs of moving funds between borrowers and lenders, and help overcome an information
asymmetry between borrowers and lenders. If they do not function well the economy cannot
operate efficiently and economic growth will be negatively affected.
Some economists just do not believe that the finance-growth relationship is important. For
instance, Robert Lucas asserted in 1988 that economists badly over-stress the role of financial
factors in economic growth. Moreover, Joan Robertson declared in 1952 that "where enterprise
leads, finance follows". According to this view, economic development creates demands for
particular types of financial arrangements, and the financial system responds automatically to
these demands.
Other economists strongly believe in the importance of the financial system for economic
growth. They address the issue of what the optimal financial system should look like. Overall,
the notion seems to develop that the optimal financial system, in combination with a well-
developed legal system, should incorporate elements of both direct, market and indirect, bank-
based finance. A well-developed financial system should improve the efficiency of financing
decisions, favouring a better allocation of resources and thereby economic growth.
The Role of Financial Markets, Institutions, and Instruments sustaining economic growth:
The financial system comprises all financial markets, instruments and institutions. Today
I would like to address the issue of whether the design of the financial system matters for
economic growth.
The role of finance in economic growth will have policy implications and shape future
policy-oriented research. The impact of finance on economic growth will influence the priority
that policymakers and advisors attach to reforming financial sector policies. Furthermore,
convincing evidence that the financial system influences long-run economic growth will
2. advertise the urgent need for research on the political, legal, regulatory, and policy determinants
of financial development. In contrast, if a sufficiently abundant quantity of research indicates
that the operation of the financial sector merely responds to economic development, then this
will almost certainly mitigate the intensity of research on the determinants and evolution of
financial systems.
The financial system comprises all financial markets, instruments and institutions.
Today I would like to address the issue of whether the design of the financial system matters for
economic growth. According to cross-country comparisons, individual country studies as well as
industry and firm level analyses, a positive link exists between the sophistication of the financial
system and economic growth. While some gaps remain, I would say that the financial system is
vitally linked to economic performance. Nevertheless, economists still hold conflicting views
regarding the underlying mechanisms that explain the positive relation between the degree of
development of the financial system and economic development.
The financial system is also particularly important in reallocating capital and thus
providing the basis for the continuous restructuring of the economy that is needed to support
growth. In countries with a highly developed financial system, we observe that a greater share of
investment is allocated to relatively fast growing sectors.
The impact of money markets and capital markets in Economic Growth:
Financial markets play an important role in the mobilization of financial resources for
long-term investment through financial intermediation. The existence of money markets
facilitates trading in short-term debt instruments to meet short-term needs of large users of funds
such as governments, banks and similar institutions. Government treasury bills and similar
securities, s well as company commercial bills, are examples of instruments traded in the money
market.
A wide range of financial institutions, including merchant banks, commercial banks, the
central bank and other dealers operate in the money market. Public as well as private sector
operators make use of various financial instruments to raise and invest short term funds which, if
need be, can be quickly liquidated to satisfy short-term needs. Unlike the money market, the
capital market mobilizes long-term debt and equity finance for investments in long-term assets.
Capital markets also help to strengthen corporate financial structure and improve the general
solvency of the financial system.
The problem depository institutions face in managing their assets (use of funds) and liabilities
(source of funds):
Economic value risk is the exposure to a change in the underlying value of an asset. As
interest rates increase (or decrease), the value of fixed-rate assets decreases (or increases)
because of the discounted present value of the cash flows. To the extent that the change in
3. market value of the assets differs from the change in market value of the liabilities, the difference
is realized in the market value of the equity of the FI.
For example, for most depository FIs, an increase in interest rates will cause asset values to
decrease more than liability values. The difference will cause the market value, or share price, of
equity to decrease.
