A look back
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Siegfried, Count of Ardennes built a castle in Luxembourg that was fought over for centuries by various powers trying to control it, making it one of the strongest fortresses in Europe. Luxembourg gained independence in 1814 but remained neutral, taking down some defensive walls. However, Germany invaded in both World Wars before Luxembourg joined NATO and the EU. It has since developed a strong financial sector and become the home of some EU institutions. Today Luxembourg has a healthy economy despite declines in steel, and its royal family has brought new life to their role. The country also enjoys a thriving cultural scene.
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Siegfried, Count of Ardennes, built a castle in Luxembourg that started a dynasty of great European rulers. Over 400 years, the castle was attacked over 20 times and rebuilt strongly, becoming known as the "Gibraltar of the North." Luxembourg's strategic position led major European powers to declare it neutral in 1867. Though some walls were removed, the damp "Bock Casemates" galleries can still be visited. Luxembourg's neutrality ended with German invasions in World War I and II. After joining NATO and the EU, Luxembourg expanded its economy to survive crises and become a renowned financial center.
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Siegfried, Count of Ardennes, built a castle in Luxembourg that started a dynasty of great European rulers. Over 400 years, the castle was attacked over 20 times and rebuilt strongly, becoming known as the "Gibraltar of the North." Luxembourg's strategic position led major European powers to declare it neutral in 1867. Though some walls were removed, the damp "Bock Casemates" galleries can still be visited. Luxembourg's neutrality ended with German invasions in World War I and II. After joining NATO and the EU, Luxembourg expanded its economy to survive crises and become a renowned financial center.
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expect dark smoke-filled rooms and dancing until the
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a multitude of alternatives – like jazz nights and jam
sessions – if electronica is not your thing. For Berliners,
the night doesn’t really get going until after midnight.
Club queues are longest around 2 – 3am. Most places
have a dressed-down feel – no heels or figure hugging
dresses here. Don a pair of black jeans, a dark shirt and
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entry fee is around 10€, a reasonable price to pay for
the pleasure of exploring the buildings and listening
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Bucharest is the capital of Romania with a population of over 1.8 million. Its architecture reflects historical, interbellum, communist, and modern influences. Some popular tourist spots include the Romanian Athenaeum concert hall, the Triumphal Arch commemorating World War I victories, and the massive Palace of Parliament building, the second largest administration building worldwide.
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Berlin is famed throughout Europe and beyond for its
nightlife, the unofficial home of European techno music,
expect dark smoke-filled rooms and dancing until the
not-so-early hours of the morning. Although, there are
a multitude of alternatives – like jazz nights and jam
sessions – if electronica is not your thing. For Berliners,
the night doesn’t really get going until after midnight.
Club queues are longest around 2 – 3am. Most places
have a dressed-down feel – no heels or figure hugging
dresses here. Don a pair of black jeans, a dark shirt and
a bored expression for the best chance of entry. Average
entry fee is around 10€, a reasonable price to pay for
the pleasure of exploring the buildings and listening
to the talent on the decks. Most of the bigger clubs will
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Berghain, stay open all weekend, so a night out never
need come to a premature end.
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Berlin is the capital of Germany located in northeastern Germany on the River Spree. It has a population of over 4.5 million people from 180 different nations. Air Berlin is Germany's second largest airline operating domestic and international flights from hubs in Berlin and Düsseldorf. Summers in Berlin are warm while winters are cold, and it receives moderate rainfall throughout the year. The Brandenburg Gate and Berlin Wall are famous historical landmarks in the city. Berlin is a major center for the automotive industry and is also known for films, snacks, chocolate, and historical inventions like the kindergarten and X-ray machine.
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Curso/CTR Reisejournalismus Praktikumsprogramme: #Berlin
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Similar to A look back
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Luxembourg is a small European country bordered by Belgium, France and Germany. It has dense forests in the north and the Moselle River valley in the southeast. The capital and largest city is Luxembourg City, known for its medieval old town situated on cliffs. Luxembourg has limited natural resources and relied heavily on iron mining, though those deposits were exhausted by the 1980s. It now focuses on financial and steel industries.
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Luxembourg City was established as a defensive site in 963 on a promontory surrounded by steep cliffs along the Alzette and Petrusse Rivers, providing natural protection. It was also in a strategic location at the crossroads of two Roman trade routes. Over centuries, the settlement grew into a formidable fortress as it exchanged hands between ruling powers and fortifications expanded. The defensive walls were dismantled in 1867 when Luxembourg became a neutral state, allowing the city to develop outside the historic fortress boundaries and population to increase substantially.
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Luxembourg city report updated
Luxembourg City was established as a defensive site in 963 when Count Siegfried built a fortress on a steep cliff overlooking the Alzette River valley. It was strategically located at the crossroads of two important Roman trade routes. Over centuries, the settlement grew within fortified walls as the site continued to be fought over due to its strategic importance. In 1867, the fortress was dismantled when Luxembourg was declared neutral, allowing the city to expand beyond the walls and develop new neighborhoods.
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Berlin has a long history as the capital of Germany. It began as two small fishing villages on the River Spree in the 13th century and grew into one of Germany's richest cities by the 15th century. During the 18th century, many grand buildings were constructed, transforming the small settlements into an important port and trading center. Berlin became the official capital of a unified Germany in 1871. The city faced great destruction during World War 2 but was rebuilt after the war ended. Berlin was then divided by the Berlin Wall from 1961 to 1989 during the Cold War, separating East and West Berlin until the wall was torn down.
Berlin
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London was established as the capital of Roman Britain in the 1st century AD. It grew to a population of around 60,000 but declined after the Romans left in the 5th century. In the medieval period, London was attacked by invading forces and established as the capital of Norman England after the conquest of 1066. During the Tudor period, London rose to become one of Europe's most important commercial and political centers and its population grew rapidly. In the 19th century, London was transformed into the largest and most influential city in the world as Britain's population and empire expanded globally.
The histoty of the basque country tristan & egoitz
Bilbao began as a small settlement along the river estuary in 1300 and gradually grew into an important commercial and industrial center. In the 15th-16th centuries, Bilbao consolidated its position as the main economic center of Biscay due to its trade connections. In the late 20th century, Bilbao underwent an urban and economic transformation from an industrial city into a service-based city focused on tourism, culture and the environment after years of economic uncertainty. The construction of the Guggenheim Museum and regeneration of the estuary waterfront and old town center have positioned Bilbao as an international tourist destination.
The sights of London
This document provides information about several famous London sights presented in a school project. It describes St. Paul's Cathedral, Piccadilly Circus, Greenwich, Madame Tussauds wax museum, Buckingham Palace, the London Eye, the Tower of London, HMS Belfast, Trafalgar Square, Tower Bridge, and Big Ben. The project was created by students in a beginning English class led by their teacher Efi Konstantinou.
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The Duchy of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha originated in 1826 from the union of the two Ernestine duchies of Saxe-Coburg and Saxe-Gotha. The line ruling the duchy descended from Duke Ernest I, and many members ascended thrones across Europe in the 19th century including Prince Albert, who married Queen Victoria and founded the British royal house. The duchy ceased to exist after World War I when its territories joined other German states.
2010 one london trip
This document provides a summary of a school trip to London, England. It describes some of the key locations visited, including Trafalgar Square, Covent Garden, Buckingham Palace, the Tower of London, Westminster Abbey, the British Museum, Notting Hill, Portobello Road, and the Royal Observatory in Greenwich. It also mentions seeing a musical and taking boat rides down the River Thames. The trip spanned several days with activities focused on sightseeing and learning about London's rich history.
My Warsaw - Royal Castle
The Royal Castle in Warsaw has historically been the official residence of Polish monarchs from the 16th century until Poland's partitions in the late 18th century. It has been repeatedly damaged during wars and occupied by foreign powers such as Sweden, Prussia, and Russia over the centuries. However, it was also the site where the May 3rd, 1791, Polish constitution was drafted. After World War 2, the castle was rebuilt after being devastated during the war. Today it operates as a museum and national monument commemorating Poland's royal heritage.
The History of London
A fuller History of London. Starting from the Romans, Saxons, Vikings, Medieval times, Tudors, Stuarts, Plague, Great Fire of London, Georgians, Victorians, Golden age, Industrial revolution and to the 20th century
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Hadrian's Wall was an 80-mile fortification built by the Roman Empire across northern England in the early 2nd century AD. It stretched from coast to coast, taking 15,000 men six years to construct. Today it stands as Britain's greatest Roman monument and a testament to Roman engineering skills. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site as part of the "Frontiers of the Roman Empire."
The Louvre
- The Louvre began as a fortress built in 1190 by King Philippe Auguste to protect Paris, which was then Europe's largest city. It was later transformed into a royal residence in the 14th century under King Charles V.
- Starting in the 16th century, several kings expanded the Louvre and connected it to the newly built Tuileries Palace nearby. This created an enormous royal complex linked by galleries and passages.
- Under Louis XIV in the 17th century, major construction took place to turn the Louvre into a grand Baroque palace, though this work was never fully completed. The Louvre then became a public museum after the French Revolution.
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The document provides a detailed history of the development of the Tower of London from its construction in the late 11th century through the 20th century. It traces how the Tower evolved from a Norman castle built by William the Conqueror to protect London, to a palace, prison, treasury, mint and home to the Crown Jewels and menagerie over the centuries. Key developments included expansions under Henry III and Edward I that doubled the size of the fortress and enclosures, and its increasing role as a high-security prison during the Tudor period for religious and political prisoners under Henry VIII and his successors.
History of Vienna - IFMIK
Presentation about history of Wien made by the learners of IFMIK Wien.
Eu Treasure Hunt Project.
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The histoty of the basque country tristan & egoitz
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A look back
- 1. A Look Back - Balmoral International Group It was Siegfried – Count of Ardennes who built a castle on a headland and start dynasty that set off great rulers in Europe. After the Middle Ages; Burgundians, Spanish, French, Austrians and Prussians all waged bloody battles to secure it. Attacked, distraught and have rebuilt over 20 times in 400 years, it became the strongest citadel in Europe after Gibraltar, thus, it called, “Gibraltar of the North.” In 1814, it was included in the recently formed United Kingdom of the Netherlands, together with Belgium, and 25 years later present-day Luxembourg was born. But its potentially risky position between France and Germany led to the major European powers declaring the country neutral in 1867. Therefore, some of the historic walls were took down, though you can still visit the damp galleries known as the “Bock Casemates.” Luxembourg’s impartiality was ended in 1914 when Germany invaded. It was occupied for the whole of WWI and again during WWII. After the war, Luxembourg deserted its impartial status and joined NATO and the EU. The government expands the economy, enabling the little country to survive the depression in the iron and steel industries in 1970s and became a renowned financial centre and tax haven. Now home to some key EU institutions, it entered the 21st century with one of Europe’s healthiest economies and continues to ride high.
- 2. The Grand Duchy’s royal family is experiencing much the same high – Grand Duke Henri and Grand Duchess Maria Teresa, a Cuban-born commoner whom Henri met at university, came to the throne in 2000 and have brought new life to the role of the ducal family. Culturally, things are auspicious. A lustrous new concert hall and neighbouring modern art gallery recently opened in Luxembourg City, in time to celebrate the country’s 2007 stint as Cultural Capital of Europe. Source: http://www.balmoralinternationalgroup.org/luxembourg-look- back/#sthash.lZ2dWGbu.BB1fX1bH.dpbs