Blanca Moreno-Dodson
Manager of the Center for Mediterranean Integration, World Bank “A cooperative and multidisciplinary approach to a Mediterranean in transition” Climate change, socio-economic crises and food (in) security: a Mediterranean in Transition. Conference in memory of Eugenia Ferragina 2018, 17th September Italian Navy Officer’s Club, Naples
Via Cesario Console, 3 bis
Naples (Italy) Institute for Studies on Mediterranean Societies, National Council of Research www.issm.cnr.it/en/

1. Climate change, socio-economic crises and
food (in) security: a Mediterranean in
Transition
A cooperative and multidisciplinary approach
to a Mediterranean in transition
Institute for Studies on Mediterranean Societies
Naples, September 17, 2018

2. EURO-MEDITERRANEAN COOPERATION
A recently released report from Hervé Berville on « Modernization of the
partnership development policy » advocates for a change of method in the
way development policies are done and implemented.
Promotion of regional cooperation: only concerted efforts from a regional
perspective, with solid support of the international community, can
significantly help countries achieve transformative reforms and enhance
integration in the Mediterranean region.

3. THE CENTER FOR MEDITERRANEAN
INTEGRATION (CMI)

4. A multi-partner platform where development agencies, Governments, local authorities and civil society (including youth
groups) from across the Mediterranean convene for public policy debates on Mediterranean political economy issues and
furthering the “Mediterranean public good” debate.
WHAT ARE WE
And many
others…
Observer
OUR MEMBERS OUR PARTNERS

5. OUR GOAL
• Strengthening dialogue between
Mediterranean actors for the joint
identification of regional solutions to
regional issues for an inclusive, integrated,
and stable region
OUR TARGET
• Promote regional public goods by focusing
only on regional projects

6. FIVE BUSINESS LINES
1)ANALYTICAL
AND ADVISORY
PRODUCTS
CAPACITY
BUILDING
TECHNICAL
HUBS AND
COMMUNITIES
OF PRACTICES
INCUBATION
OF
OPERATIONAL
PROJECTS
MULTI-
STAKEHOLDER
THEMATIC
POLICY
EXCHANGES
AND
DIALOGUES

7. CLIMATE CHANGE IN THE
MEDITERRANEAN

8. PROJECTED IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE IN KEY SECTORS IN THE MENA REGION
Source: World Bank. 2014.
Turn Down the Heat:
Confronting the New Climate
Normal.

9. ECONOMIC LOSSES IN THE MEDITERRANEAN
Between 2010 and 2030, Alexandria, Casablanca and Tunis will face
individually cumulative economic losses of $ 1 billion from floods,
earthquakes, coastal erosion, soil instability, maritime floods and water
scarcity.
The economic cost of environmental degradation ranges from 2% of GDP in
Tunisia and Jordan to 4% in Syria, Lebanon, Morocco and Algeria, 6% in
Egypt and up to 8% in Iran.
Source: World Bank. 2014.
Turn Down the Heat:
Confronting the New Climate
Normal.

10. ENERGY CONNECTIVITY

11. PARIS AGREEMENT: PRIORITY TO RENEWABLE ENERGY

12. THE KEY ROLE OF THE MEDITERRANEAN
Large renewable energy
potential
Euro- Mediterranean
energy market integration
Large-scale development of
renewable energy
Source: www.tecsol.fr

13. EURO-MEDITERRANEAN ENERGY MARKET INTEGRATION
Cooperation
Voluntary approach
and resource
mobilization
Involvement of all actors:
countries, international
organizations, regulators
and electricity companies

14. CLIMATE CHANGE IN THE MEDITERRANEAN
Rise in temperature
Water scarcity
Food insecurity
Climate migration
Need for joint
action and regional
collaboration

15. MIGRATION AND MOBILITY

16. MIGRATION IN THE MEDITERRANEAN
Source: UNHCR as of
September 13, 2018
Economic Migration
Greece, Italy and recently Spain
receive increasing numbers of
migrants
Irregular border crossings and
smuggling of migrants from Libya is
increasing
Forced Displacement
Turkey, Lebanon, Jordan and Iraq
are carrying the biggest burden of
the refugee crisis with more than
5.4 million Syrian refugees in the
Mashreq and Turkey
Demographic boom
According to UNDESA data, African continent is
expected to double by 2050, from 1.3 to 2.5 billion
people
Lack of jobs, infrastructure and basic services, but
also, scarcity of resources and environmental
degradation will lead part of this population to flee
to other countries looking for a better life

17. POPULATION DEVELOPMENTS AS A KEY CHALLENGE FOR
MENA
Lack of dynamic
private sector
involvement in
job creation
Unemployment
and social
inequalities
Current MENA
youth bulge –
with 300 million
job seekers
expected in
MENA by 2050
Migration flows

18. DISPLACEMENT, MIGRATION AND HOST COMMUNITIES
Welfare of local communities
hosting refugees
Strengthen local governments’
response capacity in Local
Economic Development and
priority service delivery for
refugees and the most
vulnerable, including South-
South and South-North
learning.
Diaspora mobilization
Facilitate the Syrian
investors’ diaspora and
private sector mobilization
to support reflections on
the economic engagement
of diaspora in host
countries.
Swith from migration to
mobility approach
The switch from a “migration”
approach to a “regional mobility”
approach – that encourages a
circular migration that enables the
mobility of people and knowledge
– would conclusively promote
efforts towards the establishment
of a two-way exchange and win-
win solution for knowledge, and
subsequently lead to the
enhancement of human capital.

19. Renewal of the social contract
Economic growth
Setting up resilience to economic
vulnerabilites
HUMAN CAPITAL BUILDS CONVERGENT PATHS OF DEVELOPMENT
Bolstering human capital holds several advantages

20. Enhancing the quality of education
Fostering the development of a knowledge economy
Comprehensive approach to education (from early childhood to tertiary
education)
Creating an enabling environment for an entrepreneurial class to flourish
Empowering youth to become agents for change as a source of stability
CMI’S HUMAN CAPITAL APPROACH

21. PROMOTING INTERNATIONALIZATION
OF TERTIARY EDUCATION IN THE MENA
REGION TO ENHANCE THE QUALITY OF
HUMAN CAPITAL

22. Benefits for the
country
• Economic impacts
• Quality
• Influence
Benefits for the
student
• Skills (soft and socio-emotional)
• Employability
THE BENEFITS OF INTERNATIONALIZATION

23. THE BENEFITS ON EMPLOYABILITY
Interpersonal skills
Foreign languages
Flexibility
Intercultural understanding
Benchmarks
Highly skilled and knowledgeable workforce
21st Century
Skills

24. GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION OF INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS IN TERTIARY
EDUCATION BY REGION OF ORIGIN, 1999 AND 2016
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
1999
2016
East Asia and the Pacific North America and Western Europe Central and Eastern Europe
South and West Asia Latin America and the Caribbean Central Asia
Sub-Saharan Africa Arab States
Source: UNESCO

25. INBOUND MOBILITY RATE (% OF TOTAL TERTIARY ENROLMENT), 2014
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Source: CMI’s calculation using UNESCO data

26. -4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Growth rates
Growth rate of total enrollment Growth rate of international students
Total and international enrolment in Tertiary Education in MENA compared
Source: Constructed by the CMI using UNESCO data

27. OBSTACLES TO INTERNATIONALIZATION
Lack of (public) funding
Insufficient exposure to international opportunities
Limited experience and expertise of faculty members and staff
Recognition difficulties for qualifications
Visa restrictions on international students, researchers and academics
Source: Internationalization of Higher Education: Growing expectations, fundamental values; IAU 4th Global
Survey; Eva Egron-Polak and Ross Hudson, April 2014