To simulate a water short on a 5821 transmitter, a 10K resistor can be placed in parallel with the transmitter's 2.2M ohm resistor for 3 minutes, triggering a fault. The transmitter will then send a restore signal after seeing only the 2.2M ohm resistor again for 3 minutes. This configuration can also integrate a hardwired water probe over 48 inches by using a relay in series with two 5K resistors, which are in parallel with the 2.2M ohm resistor to again produce a 10K resistance and trigger the transmitter.
This document discusses various grounding techniques for electrical systems. It begins by comparing different grounding methods such as ungrounded, solidly grounded, and resistance grounded systems. It then focuses on high resistance grounding and describes how HRG limits fault currents while allowing systems to continue operating after ground faults. The document provides examples of applying HRG to generators, variable frequency drives, and paralleled power sources. It discusses component ratings, fault currents, harmonics, and coordination of protection devices for HRG systems.
The document discusses different methods of earthing or grounding electrical systems. It defines earthing as connecting electrical equipment to earth through a low resistance wire to provide an alternative path for fault currents. The key methods discussed are:
- Solid or effective grounding, which directly connects the neutral to earth. This allows large fault currents but limits equipment costs.
- Resistance grounding, which connects the neutral to earth through a resistor. This limits fault currents but increases equipment costs.
- Reactance grounding uses an inductor instead of resistor to limit fault currents.
- Peterson coil grounding cancels out capacitive fault currents through resonant tuning of an inductor.
The document discusses different types of grounding systems for electrical equipment and power systems. It defines equipment grounding as connecting the metallic enclosure of electrical equipment to earth for safety. System grounding connects parts of the power system like the neutral point to earth. The main types of system grounding discussed are ungrounded neutral, solid grounding, resistance grounding, and reactance grounding. Solid grounding directly connects the neutral to earth through a low impedance, providing effective earth potential but high fault currents. Resistance and reactance grounding limit fault currents through a resistor or reactance between neutral and earth.
This document discusses earthing and grounding in electrical systems. It defines earthing as connecting electrical equipment or systems to earth, usually soil, to prevent accidents and damage. There are two types: equipment earthing, which connects non-current metal parts; and system earthing, which connects parts of the electrical system. Neutral earthing connects the neutral point in a star system to earth. The document outlines the advantages of neutral earthing, such as keeping voltages stable and eliminating high voltages from arcing grounds, allowing for better protection and safety. Methods of neutral earthing include direct earthing or earthing through a resistor or reactor.
The document provides an introduction to electrical grounding practices for power systems. It discusses the primary goals of grounding for safety and protection. It also describes the different types of grounding systems used in industry, including ungrounded, solid ground, low resistance ground, and high resistance ground. Each system is characterized by its handling of faults, safety aspects, reliability and economics.
To simulate a water short on a 5821 transmitter, a 10K resistor can be placed in parallel with the transmitter's 2.2M ohm resistor for 3 minutes, triggering a fault. The transmitter will then send a restore signal after seeing only the 2.2M ohm resistor again for 3 minutes. This configuration can also integrate a hardwired water probe over 48 inches by using a relay in series with two 5K resistors, which are in parallel with the 2.2M ohm resistor to again produce a 10K resistance and trigger the transmitter.
This document discusses various grounding techniques for electrical systems. It begins by comparing different grounding methods such as ungrounded, solidly grounded, and resistance grounded systems. It then focuses on high resistance grounding and describes how HRG limits fault currents while allowing systems to continue operating after ground faults. The document provides examples of applying HRG to generators, variable frequency drives, and paralleled power sources. It discusses component ratings, fault currents, harmonics, and coordination of protection devices for HRG systems.
The document discusses different methods of earthing or grounding electrical systems. It defines earthing as connecting electrical equipment to earth through a low resistance wire to provide an alternative path for fault currents. The key methods discussed are:
- Solid or effective grounding, which directly connects the neutral to earth. This allows large fault currents but limits equipment costs.
- Resistance grounding, which connects the neutral to earth through a resistor. This limits fault currents but increases equipment costs.
- Reactance grounding uses an inductor instead of resistor to limit fault currents.
- Peterson coil grounding cancels out capacitive fault currents through resonant tuning of an inductor.
The document discusses different types of grounding systems for electrical equipment and power systems. It defines equipment grounding as connecting the metallic enclosure of electrical equipment to earth for safety. System grounding connects parts of the power system like the neutral point to earth. The main types of system grounding discussed are ungrounded neutral, solid grounding, resistance grounding, and reactance grounding. Solid grounding directly connects the neutral to earth through a low impedance, providing effective earth potential but high fault currents. Resistance and reactance grounding limit fault currents through a resistor or reactance between neutral and earth.
This document discusses earthing and grounding in electrical systems. It defines earthing as connecting electrical equipment or systems to earth, usually soil, to prevent accidents and damage. There are two types: equipment earthing, which connects non-current metal parts; and system earthing, which connects parts of the electrical system. Neutral earthing connects the neutral point in a star system to earth. The document outlines the advantages of neutral earthing, such as keeping voltages stable and eliminating high voltages from arcing grounds, allowing for better protection and safety. Methods of neutral earthing include direct earthing or earthing through a resistor or reactor.
The document provides an introduction to electrical grounding practices for power systems. It discusses the primary goals of grounding for safety and protection. It also describes the different types of grounding systems used in industry, including ungrounded, solid ground, low resistance ground, and high resistance ground. Each system is characterized by its handling of faults, safety aspects, reliability and economics.
The document discusses power supply connections and components. A reversing switch, such as a DPDT switch, has six connections but crossover switches only have four terminals with two inputs and two outputs. Wire is stripped and connected in series or parallel as needed between a power source like a battery and components on or off a circuit board through additional parts like full wave rectifiers or adapters.
Dual point level switch to base unit with discrete outAsif Sheriff
This document describes a wireless hi/hi-hi level switch that monitors liquid levels in a tank. The transmitter on top of the tank sends high and high-high level signals to a base unit. The base unit then provides both visual and audio alarms based on the liquid level alarms received from the transmitter.
The document describes a grounding kit for installing an outdoor antenna for a wireless extender. The kit contains grounding equipment like ground wire, coaxial cable, a ground block, and options for connecting to an existing ground like a ground strap or clamp. It provides instructions for surveying to find the best antenna location and strongest cell signal, then connecting the antenna and coaxial cable to the ground block and an approved existing grounding point like a metal pipe or grounding rod. Proper grounding is emphasized for safety and to reduce electrical interference on the signal.
The document discusses insulation coordination design details for HVDC converter stations. It provides definitions for various impulse withstand levels needed, including switching impulse withstand level (SIWL), lightning impulse withstand level (LIWL), and front of wave (FOW) impulse. It discusses the reasons for these different impulse levels and provides the design criteria. It also summarizes the different types of arresters used on the AC and DC sides of converter stations, providing their ratings and maximum voltages. Coordination is discussed between the AC line and station arresters to ensure adequate margins.
The document defines and describes different types of overvoltages that can occur on power systems, including temporary, transient, lightning, and switching overvoltages. It explains that overvoltages are caused by both internal factors like switching and insulation failures, as well as external lightning strikes. The mechanism of lightning is then described in detail, including how charge separation in storm clouds leads to the formation of stepped leaders and streamers, completing an ionized conductive path between the cloud and earth.
This circuit provides three functions: (1) it protects mobile phones from theft by generating a loud chirping sound when someone attempts to remove the phone, (2) it works as a mobile charger providing 6V 180mA output to charge phones, and (3) it uses a copper-clad board as a protective shield that, along with the user's hand capacitance, triggers an astable multivibrator to activate a buzzer and LED when the phone is picked up without authorization.
This document discusses the basics of earthing systems. It begins by defining important terminology related to earthing. It then discusses the disadvantages of unearthed systems and the different types of earthing including system, equipment, and reference earthing. The document outlines the basic principles and methods of system earthing, including how fault currents flow. It provides details on the earthing schemes adopted in process plants, including the voltage levels and earthing methods used. Finally, it includes an earthing conductors schedule with requirements for equipment body and instrument earthing connections.
The document discusses different types of grounding systems used in high voltage systems, including: equipment grounds which connect metal parts to earth to protect from electric shock; system grounds which connect one point of an electrical circuit to earth to protect equipment and aid fault detection; and solidly grounded systems where the neutral is directly connected to ground without impedance. It notes factors like voltage level, equipment type, and safety that influence grounding method selection.
The document discusses different types of grounding or earthing systems for electrical equipment and power systems. It describes:
1) Equipment grounding, which connects the non-current carrying metal parts of electrical equipment to earth to protect against insulation failures.
2) System grounding, which connects parts of the electrical system like the neutral point of a star-connected system to earth.
3) Neutral grounding, a type of system grounding where the neutral point of a 3-phase system is connected to earth either directly or through a resistor or reactor. This provides safety benefits and allows faults to be isolated.
This document discusses common mode noise, its generation and suppression. It describes how common mode noise is a more significant source of electromagnetic interference than differential mode noise. Various methods are presented for reducing common mode noise such as using ferrite cores and filters, minimizing openings in shields, and ensuring low impedance current return paths. Shielding effectiveness is influenced by the size and shape of openings, with smaller rounded openings providing better shielding.
Earthing is the process of connecting metallic electrical equipment to the earth using a low resistance wire. This serves several important purposes: to protect human life from electric shock by providing an alternative path for fault currents, to protect buildings and machinery under fault conditions, to safely dissipate lightning and short circuit currents, and to maintain a stable voltage for sensitive electronic equipment. Traditionally, earthing involved digging a pit and burying a metal plate or pipe surrounded by charcoal and salt, which required regular maintenance and watering.
Grounding electrical systems properly protects people and equipment from faults, lightning strikes, and static discharge by providing a path to dissipate stray energy safely into the earth. Different grounding methods like single stakes, ground rods, plates, and meshes can be used depending on the site conditions and equipment. Proper testing of soil resistivity and ground resistance is important to select the suitable grounding type and ensure effectiveness of the system.
The document discusses power supply connections and components. A reversing switch, such as a DPDT switch, has six connections but crossover switches only have four terminals with two inputs and two outputs. Wire is stripped and connected in series or parallel as needed between a power source like a battery and components on or off a circuit board through additional parts like full wave rectifiers or adapters.
Dual point level switch to base unit with discrete outAsif Sheriff
This document describes a wireless hi/hi-hi level switch that monitors liquid levels in a tank. The transmitter on top of the tank sends high and high-high level signals to a base unit. The base unit then provides both visual and audio alarms based on the liquid level alarms received from the transmitter.
The document describes a grounding kit for installing an outdoor antenna for a wireless extender. The kit contains grounding equipment like ground wire, coaxial cable, a ground block, and options for connecting to an existing ground like a ground strap or clamp. It provides instructions for surveying to find the best antenna location and strongest cell signal, then connecting the antenna and coaxial cable to the ground block and an approved existing grounding point like a metal pipe or grounding rod. Proper grounding is emphasized for safety and to reduce electrical interference on the signal.
The document discusses insulation coordination design details for HVDC converter stations. It provides definitions for various impulse withstand levels needed, including switching impulse withstand level (SIWL), lightning impulse withstand level (LIWL), and front of wave (FOW) impulse. It discusses the reasons for these different impulse levels and provides the design criteria. It also summarizes the different types of arresters used on the AC and DC sides of converter stations, providing their ratings and maximum voltages. Coordination is discussed between the AC line and station arresters to ensure adequate margins.
The document defines and describes different types of overvoltages that can occur on power systems, including temporary, transient, lightning, and switching overvoltages. It explains that overvoltages are caused by both internal factors like switching and insulation failures, as well as external lightning strikes. The mechanism of lightning is then described in detail, including how charge separation in storm clouds leads to the formation of stepped leaders and streamers, completing an ionized conductive path between the cloud and earth.
This circuit provides three functions: (1) it protects mobile phones from theft by generating a loud chirping sound when someone attempts to remove the phone, (2) it works as a mobile charger providing 6V 180mA output to charge phones, and (3) it uses a copper-clad board as a protective shield that, along with the user's hand capacitance, triggers an astable multivibrator to activate a buzzer and LED when the phone is picked up without authorization.
This document discusses the basics of earthing systems. It begins by defining important terminology related to earthing. It then discusses the disadvantages of unearthed systems and the different types of earthing including system, equipment, and reference earthing. The document outlines the basic principles and methods of system earthing, including how fault currents flow. It provides details on the earthing schemes adopted in process plants, including the voltage levels and earthing methods used. Finally, it includes an earthing conductors schedule with requirements for equipment body and instrument earthing connections.
The document discusses different types of grounding systems used in high voltage systems, including: equipment grounds which connect metal parts to earth to protect from electric shock; system grounds which connect one point of an electrical circuit to earth to protect equipment and aid fault detection; and solidly grounded systems where the neutral is directly connected to ground without impedance. It notes factors like voltage level, equipment type, and safety that influence grounding method selection.
The document discusses different types of grounding or earthing systems for electrical equipment and power systems. It describes:
1) Equipment grounding, which connects the non-current carrying metal parts of electrical equipment to earth to protect against insulation failures.
2) System grounding, which connects parts of the electrical system like the neutral point of a star-connected system to earth.
3) Neutral grounding, a type of system grounding where the neutral point of a 3-phase system is connected to earth either directly or through a resistor or reactor. This provides safety benefits and allows faults to be isolated.
This document discusses common mode noise, its generation and suppression. It describes how common mode noise is a more significant source of electromagnetic interference than differential mode noise. Various methods are presented for reducing common mode noise such as using ferrite cores and filters, minimizing openings in shields, and ensuring low impedance current return paths. Shielding effectiveness is influenced by the size and shape of openings, with smaller rounded openings providing better shielding.
Earthing is the process of connecting metallic electrical equipment to the earth using a low resistance wire. This serves several important purposes: to protect human life from electric shock by providing an alternative path for fault currents, to protect buildings and machinery under fault conditions, to safely dissipate lightning and short circuit currents, and to maintain a stable voltage for sensitive electronic equipment. Traditionally, earthing involved digging a pit and burying a metal plate or pipe surrounded by charcoal and salt, which required regular maintenance and watering.
Grounding electrical systems properly protects people and equipment from faults, lightning strikes, and static discharge by providing a path to dissipate stray energy safely into the earth. Different grounding methods like single stakes, ground rods, plates, and meshes can be used depending on the site conditions and equipment. Proper testing of soil resistivity and ground resistance is important to select the suitable grounding type and ensure effectiveness of the system.
Sudheer Mechineni, Head of Application Frameworks, Standard Chartered Bank
Discover how Standard Chartered Bank harnessed the power of Neo4j to transform complex data access challenges into a dynamic, scalable graph database solution. This keynote will cover their journey from initial adoption to deploying a fully automated, enterprise-grade causal cluster, highlighting key strategies for modelling organisational changes and ensuring robust disaster recovery. Learn how these innovations have not only enhanced Standard Chartered Bank’s data infrastructure but also positioned them as pioneers in the banking sector’s adoption of graph technology.
Enchancing adoption of Open Source Libraries. A case study on Albumentations.AIVladimir Iglovikov, Ph.D.
Presented by Vladimir Iglovikov:
- https://www.linkedin.com/in/iglovikov/
- https://x.com/viglovikov
- https://www.instagram.com/ternaus/
This presentation delves into the journey of Albumentations.ai, a highly successful open-source library for data augmentation.
Created out of a necessity for superior performance in Kaggle competitions, Albumentations has grown to become a widely used tool among data scientists and machine learning practitioners.
This case study covers various aspects, including:
People: The contributors and community that have supported Albumentations.
Metrics: The success indicators such as downloads, daily active users, GitHub stars, and financial contributions.
Challenges: The hurdles in monetizing open-source projects and measuring user engagement.
Development Practices: Best practices for creating, maintaining, and scaling open-source libraries, including code hygiene, CI/CD, and fast iteration.
Community Building: Strategies for making adoption easy, iterating quickly, and fostering a vibrant, engaged community.
Marketing: Both online and offline marketing tactics, focusing on real, impactful interactions and collaborations.
Mental Health: Maintaining balance and not feeling pressured by user demands.
Key insights include the importance of automation, making the adoption process seamless, and leveraging offline interactions for marketing. The presentation also emphasizes the need for continuous small improvements and building a friendly, inclusive community that contributes to the project's growth.
Vladimir Iglovikov brings his extensive experience as a Kaggle Grandmaster, ex-Staff ML Engineer at Lyft, sharing valuable lessons and practical advice for anyone looking to enhance the adoption of their open-source projects.
Explore more about Albumentations and join the community at:
GitHub: https://github.com/albumentations-team/albumentations
Website: https://albumentations.ai/
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/100504475
Twitter: https://x.com/albumentations
Let's Integrate MuleSoft RPA, COMPOSER, APM with AWS IDP along with Slackshyamraj55
Discover the seamless integration of RPA (Robotic Process Automation), COMPOSER, and APM with AWS IDP enhanced with Slack notifications. Explore how these technologies converge to streamline workflows, optimize performance, and ensure secure access, all while leveraging the power of AWS IDP and real-time communication via Slack notifications.
GraphSummit Singapore | The Future of Agility: Supercharging Digital Transfor...Neo4j
Leonard Jayamohan, Partner & Generative AI Lead, Deloitte
This keynote will reveal how Deloitte leverages Neo4j’s graph power for groundbreaking digital twin solutions, achieving a staggering 100x performance boost. Discover the essential role knowledge graphs play in successful generative AI implementations. Plus, get an exclusive look at an innovative Neo4j + Generative AI solution Deloitte is developing in-house.
Climate Impact of Software Testing at Nordic Testing DaysKari Kakkonen
My slides at Nordic Testing Days 6.6.2024
Climate impact / sustainability of software testing discussed on the talk. ICT and testing must carry their part of global responsibility to help with the climat warming. We can minimize the carbon footprint but we can also have a carbon handprint, a positive impact on the climate. Quality characteristics can be added with sustainability, and then measured continuously. Test environments can be used less, and in smaller scale and on demand. Test techniques can be used in optimizing or minimizing number of tests. Test automation can be used to speed up testing.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 5DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 5. In this session, we will cover CI/CD with devops.
Topics covered:
CI/CD with in UiPath
End-to-end overview of CI/CD pipeline with Azure devops
Speaker:
Lyndsey Byblow, Test Suite Sales Engineer @ UiPath, Inc.
Building RAG with self-deployed Milvus vector database and Snowpark Container...Zilliz
This talk will give hands-on advice on building RAG applications with an open-source Milvus database deployed as a docker container. We will also introduce the integration of Milvus with Snowpark Container Services.
Introducing Milvus Lite: Easy-to-Install, Easy-to-Use vector database for you...Zilliz
Join us to introduce Milvus Lite, a vector database that can run on notebooks and laptops, share the same API with Milvus, and integrate with every popular GenAI framework. This webinar is perfect for developers seeking easy-to-use, well-integrated vector databases for their GenAI apps.
Generative AI Deep Dive: Advancing from Proof of Concept to ProductionAggregage
Join Maher Hanafi, VP of Engineering at Betterworks, in this new session where he'll share a practical framework to transform Gen AI prototypes into impactful products! He'll delve into the complexities of data collection and management, model selection and optimization, and ensuring security, scalability, and responsible use.
“An Outlook of the Ongoing and Future Relationship between Blockchain Technologies and Process-aware Information Systems.” Invited talk at the joint workshop on Blockchain for Information Systems (BC4IS) and Blockchain for Trusted Data Sharing (B4TDS), co-located with with the 36th International Conference on Advanced Information Systems Engineering (CAiSE), 3 June 2024, Limassol, Cyprus.
Maruthi Prithivirajan, Head of ASEAN & IN Solution Architecture, Neo4j
Get an inside look at the latest Neo4j innovations that enable relationship-driven intelligence at scale. Learn more about the newest cloud integrations and product enhancements that make Neo4j an essential choice for developers building apps with interconnected data and generative AI.
TrustArc Webinar - 2024 Global Privacy SurveyTrustArc
How does your privacy program stack up against your peers? What challenges are privacy teams tackling and prioritizing in 2024?
In the fifth annual Global Privacy Benchmarks Survey, we asked over 1,800 global privacy professionals and business executives to share their perspectives on the current state of privacy inside and outside of their organizations. This year’s report focused on emerging areas of importance for privacy and compliance professionals, including considerations and implications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies, building brand trust, and different approaches for achieving higher privacy competence scores.
See how organizational priorities and strategic approaches to data security and privacy are evolving around the globe.
This webinar will review:
- The top 10 privacy insights from the fifth annual Global Privacy Benchmarks Survey
- The top challenges for privacy leaders, practitioners, and organizations in 2024
- Key themes to consider in developing and maintaining your privacy program