One of several journalist to acknowledge The San Francisco Chronicle Misleading and False Information Concerning MRSA Outbreak Within the Gay Community
You have to trust in something - your gut, destiny, life, karma. This approach has never let me down, and it has made all the difference in my life. - Steve Jobs
Control your own destiny or someone else will. - Jack Welch
A new CDC report finds that hepatitis A infections in the U.S. have risen by 294% since 2015. In nine states and Washington, D.C., the increase in rates was 500% compared to previous years. Hepatitis A, which is the most common cause of viral hepatitis worldwide, is spread fecal-orally after contact with an infected person but is preventable through a vaccine. In the new report, which looked at transmissions between 2016 and 2018, the CDC received 15,000 reports of infections in the U.S.: People who reported drug use or homelessness made up the majority of those who had infections, followed by cases among men who have sex with men and among people who ate contaminated food.
You have to trust in something - your gut, destiny, life, karma. This approach has never let me down, and it has made all the difference in my life. - Steve Jobs
Control your own destiny or someone else will. - Jack Welch
A new CDC report finds that hepatitis A infections in the U.S. have risen by 294% since 2015. In nine states and Washington, D.C., the increase in rates was 500% compared to previous years. Hepatitis A, which is the most common cause of viral hepatitis worldwide, is spread fecal-orally after contact with an infected person but is preventable through a vaccine. In the new report, which looked at transmissions between 2016 and 2018, the CDC received 15,000 reports of infections in the U.S.: People who reported drug use or homelessness made up the majority of those who had infections, followed by cases among men who have sex with men and among people who ate contaminated food.
Riflessioni sulla scienza Open-Source: il singolo e il sistemavenice sessions
Venezia 31 marzo 2009 Venice Sessions 2 presso il Future Centre di Telecom Italia
Ilaria Capua presenta:
Riflessioni sulla scienza Open-Source: il singolo e il sistema
Stad op stelten is ontwikkeld door Bibliotheek Midden-Brabant en koppelt binnen- en buitenschools leren aan leesbevordering, cultuureducatie en mediawijsheid. Stad op Stelten- aKWAmarijn is één van de vier pilotlocaties. Vragen? Saskia Dellevoet Biliotheek Midden-Brabant 013 - 46 48 542
Riflessioni sulla scienza Open-Source: il singolo e il sistemavenice sessions
Venezia 31 marzo 2009 Venice Sessions 2 presso il Future Centre di Telecom Italia
Ilaria Capua presenta:
Riflessioni sulla scienza Open-Source: il singolo e il sistema
Stad op stelten is ontwikkeld door Bibliotheek Midden-Brabant en koppelt binnen- en buitenschools leren aan leesbevordering, cultuureducatie en mediawijsheid. Stad op Stelten- aKWAmarijn is één van de vier pilotlocaties. Vragen? Saskia Dellevoet Biliotheek Midden-Brabant 013 - 46 48 542
Check this story , a boy design and created bumblebee transformer model using KFC lunch boxes.Kindly visit -
http://www.squidoo.com/kfc-transformers-bumblebee
Hiv/Aids Research Paper
Reflection Paper On HIV
HIV/AIDS Research Paper
Essay On AIDS
HIV and AIDS: The Epidemic Essay example
How Did Aids Affect People?
Essay on Understanding HIV/AIDS
Hiv Aids Conclusions
Essay on The Spreading of HIV/AIDS
Aids : Hiv / Aids Essay
AIDS and HIV Essay
Report II week 4 individual 1Report II week 4individual4.docxaudeleypearl
Report II week 4 individual
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Report II week 4individual
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Report II
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Report II
When it comes to outbreaks, it must be identified, and it needs to be given to the people that need it the most which included the population and the world. When it comes to the information required what is most necessary is the age groups that the virus is affecting and understanding the information that is provided. With proper documentation it will be able to identify the groups that needs the most help and it will be able to provide the necessary resources needed for the locations that involve the patients.
Age Groups Most Affected
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), children, pregnant women, and seniors are especially vulnerable and take a relatively high share of the disease burden (WHO, 2017). When it comes to reviewing the information that was provided the it will state that the highest rate that is going for diseases are higher for the age under 18, when it comes to 61 and over, the ages between 31 to 60, and between the ages of 19 to 30 which decides which one are the most vulnerable groups.
Age Groups Least Affected
When it comes to the age group that were not affected then it will be between 19 to 30 years old and the ages between 31 to 60. When it comes to this age group it is mostly because they tend to be healthier in general because there immune system. One of the reasons these age groups are least affected is because these tend to be the healthier ages in general, so their immune systems are likely more tolerant and vigilant (Vos et al., 2016).
Chart Evaluation
The evaluation that is presented above is the age groups that are least affected which are 19 to 30 years old. Individual influences lead to virus occurrences that can be recognized in nearly all incidents (Morse, 1995). This does not just show the age group and location but shows what are the odds of something happening and what to look out for because this allows the population to know the risks of their locations.
Prevalence Rates
When it comes to the prevalence rate for disease than it varies among different ages among the cities. The population of the United States in 12/18/2017 is 325,365,189. (United States Census Bureau, 2017). But to be able to find the prevalence rate is per 100,000 for this disease, the by the number of infections by an age group which divides by the population, which then multiplies by 100,000. Presented below is the five cities affected by the disease by age group.
City
<18 Prevalence Rate
19-30 Prevalence Rate
31-60 Prevalence Rate
61+ Prevalence Rate
Jacksonville
0.02858
0.00584
0.01875
0.04579
Miami
0.05225
0.00553
0.00922
0.02490
Phoenix
0.04457
0.00615
0.00984
0.02828
Austin
0.04641
0.00369
0.01199
0.02428
Houston
0.03012
0.00492
0.01598
0.03258
Conclusion
Having the necessary information is needed to be able to help find resources or care for a cure for the diseases presented. When it comes to diseases it i ...
109411141_Apuzzo-1983-A_Time_Bomb_Inside_of_You_1.pdf
“A Time Bomb Inside of You”: Social Service Organizations Advocate an
Improved Federal Response to AIDS
Virginia Apuzzo, August, 1983
http://historymatters.gmu.edu/d/6893
In 1981, the U.S. medical community noticed a significant number of gay men living in urban areas with
rare forms of pneumonia, cancer, and lymph disorders. The cluster of ailments was initially dubbed Gay-
Related Immune Disease (GRID), but when similar illnesses increased in other groups, the name changed to
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). The mid-1980s saw a number of advances toward
understanding and treating the disease, but no vaccine or cure was forthcoming. Gay advocacy and
community-based organizations began providing services and pressuring government to increase funding for
finding a cure and helping victims. In the following 1983 testimony before a congressional committee, three
representatives of social service organizations sharply criticized the Reagan administration’s limited
response to the AIDS crisis, advocated increased federal funding, and warned that AIDS was a societal “time
bomb” likely to have grave consequences beyond the gay community. In 1995 AIDS became the leading
cause of death for Americans aged 25 to 44. By mid-2002, while the annual rate of new HIV cases dropped
in the U.S. to 40,000 (from a 1980s high of 150,000), more than 20 million people worldwide had died from
the disease, and 40 million were living with HIV.
STATEMENT OF VIRGINIA M. APUZZO, EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR, NATIONAL GAY TASK FORCE
Ms. APUZZO. My name is Virginia Apuzzo.
I am grateful for the opportunity to testify today. But I am saddened and, yes, I am angered by the
necessity, a necessity brought on by what we perceive to be the Federal Government’s policy of gestures
and not actions.
Quite simply, from our point of view, Mr. Chairman, the Federal Government’s response to the AIDS
epidemic reveals that the health care system of the wealthiest country in the world is not equipped to meet
the needs of its citizens in an emergency, however brief or extended that emergency might be.
Further, if we take a look at the Federal Government’s response to the AIDS crisis it leads unavoidably to
the conclusion that within this administration, there is a sharp contrast between the rhetoric of concern and
the reality of response. That failure is underscored when one looks at the record of the lesbian and gay
community in filling the gap. . . .
The National Gay Task Force survey of community voluntary organizations found that $2.3 million was
budgeted for AIDS projects in 1983 for the gay and lesbian community, with another $6.8 million being
projected and budgeted for 1984 in the gay and lesbian community. These figures do not include local and
State government grants to these groups, nor do they include the value of hundreds of thousands of
voluntary hours in th.
U.S. Preps For Ebola Outbreak Cases May Exceed 100,000 By December “The Numbe...Hope Small
The article does not mention that a completely unrelated strain of ebola has broken out in the Congo. What are the chances of that?
Though news on the Ebola virus has been muted since two American health care workers were admitted to U.S.-based facilities last month, the deadly contagion continues to spread. According to the World Health Organization more than 40% of all Ebola cases thus far have occurred in just the last three months, suggesting that the virus is continuing to build steam.
Physicist Alessandro Vespignani of Northeastern University in Boston is one of several researchers trying to figure out how far Ebola may spread and how many people around the world could be affected. Based on his findings, there will be 10,000 cases by September of this year and it only gets worse from there.
How to compatibilize the health problems of the population with the economy p...Fernando Alcoforado
This article shows how to tackle the health problems resulting from the Coronavirus pandemic and make them compatible with the problems of the economy that will lead to a major recession in countries and globally.
Report II
Shawnette Jones
Since the location of the highest widespread virus outbreaks have been recognized, it is important to know now what age group is mostly affected by the virus. Documenting these given age groups shall assist to determine the kinds of resources which shall be necessary at these locations to correctly treat these patients.
Age Groups Most Affected
Following the World Health Organization (2019) show that children, pregnant women and adults are particularly the ones who are vulnerable and take a relatively biggest share of the diseases load. The analysis of the given information, show that the progression of the age group most affected starting with the highest are under 18,61 and over 31-60 and finally 19-30 that correspond to the research of the World Health Organization on most vulnerable groups of individuals.
Age Groups Least Affected
The age groups least affected are the 19-30 years old in addition to those under 31- 60 years old. Generally, this kind of group comprises of the young adults as well as individuals in their middle ages. The reason why this group is probably least affected is due to the fact that this age brackets the body immune system is possibly more strong in preventing and fighting infections thus making the individual much healthier (Lesourd & Meaume, 1994).
Bar Graph Showing Ages Affected
Chart Evaluation
The bar graph above illustrates that the least age groups affected are ones between 19 to 30 years old. According to Morse (2001) explain that the observed age outlines can impact after intolerance diagnosing, identifying as well as cases recording, changes in exposure as well as variances invulnerability to the virus. Therefore by determining if change with age is contingent on exposure or vulnerability requires an evaluation of exposures in individual with and without the illness. Individual influences results to virus occurrences that can be recognized in nearly all incidents.
Prevalence Rates
The prevalence rate for this disease changes among the diverse age groups in every city. According to United States Census Bureau (2017) explanation the current population of the United States of America is 325,365,189 as of December 18, 2017. Therefore to determine the prevalence rate per 100,000 for this disease equals, the number of infection in the particular age group divided by the United States population, then multiplied by 100,000.
The following chart shows the prevalence rate for each age group in each of the top five cities affected by this disease.
City
<18 Prevalence Rate
19-30 Prevalence Rate
31-60 Prevalence Rate
61+ Prevalence Rate
Jacksonville
0.02858
0.00584
0.01875
0.04579
Miami
0.05225
0.00553
0.00922
0.02490
Phoenix
0.04457
0.00615
0.00984
0.02828
Austin
0.04641
0.00369
0.01199
0.02428
Houston
0.03012
0.00492
0.01598
0.03258
Conclusion
Finally, the study of age groups that are mainly affected and vulnerable as well as the previous data on the locations of outb ...
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Novas diretrizes da OMS para os cuidados perinatais de mais qualidade
MRSA Outbreak
1. Over the past two years research scientists from the University of California San Francisco
have been studying the deadly strain of bacteria known as, Methuallen Resistant Staphylococcus
Aureus Clone (MRSA) USA300. MRSA (USA 300) has caused numerous deaths throughout the
United States. This particular strain resists most anti-biotic and is commonly referred to as the
“super bug”. The number of deaths is widely unknown, because hospitals throughout the country
have not been accurately documenting their cases. [ UCSF’s main objective] “was to determine the
incidence of a multi drug resistant MRSA USA 300 in San Francisco and to determine risk factors
for the infection” (Diep 1). UCSF published their research on January 14, 2008 in the Annals of
Internal Medicine Journal online headlining, “ Emergence of Multidrug-Resistant, Community
Associated, Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureous Clone USA in men who have sex with
men” (Diep 1). However, UCSF clearly concluded in their research, “ [s]pecific sexual behaviors
were not assessed or documented in clinic charts we therefore cannot comment on the association
between [MRSA] infection and specific male-male sexual practices” (Crain 2). The publication
would emerge like the disease itself, and manifest itself in the minds of journalists. One
overzealous medical reporter, Sabin Russell from the San Francisco Chronicle, was the first to
misconstrue the research studies. His headline for the San Francisco Chronicle stated, “ S.F. Gay
Community an Epicenter for New Strain of Virulent Staph” (Russell 1). His false statements would
cause a stir and hysteria that would sweep across the U.S. and all over the world. Ultimately, Sabin
has failed as a journalist to inform the public and truth and exploited the gay community.
Journalists are not always truthful and apologetic for their actions. This is clearly a danger amongst
all of us.
Shortly after UCSF published their article another fatality had emerge in San Francisco. My
client informed me that her male heterosexual friend had died of deadly MRSA strain bacteria.
2. Unfortunately, he had accidentally cut his elbow while working out at 24-hour fitness. Unaware of
the potential danger he continued to go about his daily routines in life. Within hours the deadly
MRSA strain had taken its course. He developed a fever and flu-like symptoms. After two days of
discomfort he admitted himself into the hospital, but it was too late. The hospital could not stop
this bacterium from killing him. The MRSA had infiltrated his blood stream causing heart failure. It
had only taken 72 hours for this tragedy to occur. How could this be? He was a heterosexual man
working out in a gym! What precautions could have been taken to prevent this tragedy from
occurring? Do you think the San Francisco Chronicle would ever cover this horrific death? Of
course not! The gay community was already exploited all over the front page of their paper! I
written several e-mails to Sabin Russell to take immediate action and publish this news. Did he
jump on his high horse and publish an article in the San Francisco Chronicle? Of course not! There
are so many questions I would like to ask Sabin, but they are all left unanswered. He has had his
one page wonder plastered all over the San Francisco leading everyone to believe the gay
community is the epicenter of this disease when in fact MRSA is affecting the entire community!
Has anyone really considered that gyms may in fact be the breeding ground for MRSA. I
have not seen one published article or research evidence suggesting this claim. The 24 HR Fitness
that exposed my client’s friend to MRSA was not even closed to prevent further exposure to its
members. I contacted 24 HR Fitness to see if they were aware of the situation. The manager
refused to answer any questions, and was not open to any further discussion. I even tried to
contact 24 HR Fitness Headquarters to discuss the current situation , but they have not yet
responded to any of my calls. They could be hiding themselves from exposure because no one
would want to work out in a gym that was carrying life-threatening bacteria! 24 HR Fitness could
potentially loose millions of dollars in membership sales. How many gyms could be prone to
breeding MRSA bacteria? If the San Francisco Chronicle were really interested in providing
3. valuable information to the public they would have taken the time to develop a strong publication.
They would see how many communities are affected by MRSA. There isn’t a MRSA epicenter
anywhere in the United States, because cases are being found all over the world!
MRSA is not only affecting the gay community in San Francisco, but throughout the US.
For instance, “ [l]ast October, a county in southern Virginia closed its 21 schools to clean them to
prevent the spread of a dangerous bacteria infection after a 17 year old high school died from a staff
infection” (Fein 1). “ Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the types of
bacteria which is now found among athletes,, military recruits, and others in general population”
(Fein 2). “ In the past 2 decades, CA-MRSA has emerged as a major community pathogen. This
new entity has a remarkable ability to strike children and young, healthy adults. 7 It has a
predilection for skin and soft tissue and is more virulent than methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus
aureus, causing rapidly progressive cellulitis and necrotizing abscesses. 8–10 Team sport athletes
are especially susceptible to CA-MRSA caused by skin trauma, such as turf burns, abrasions,
shaving, and chafing. Infections are facilitated by the sharing of towels and equipment and
prolonged physical contact. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and other
organizations have reported outbreaks in football, fencing, and wrestling teams” (Romano 1). USC
was able to contain and treat a MRSA outbreak within their collegiate football team and published a
three year long study in the Journal of Athletic Training. They concluded, “Outbreaks of CA-
MRSA in sports teams are very serious, and recognition is crucial. Treatment includes incision for
proper drainage, bacterial culture and sensitivity, and appropriate antibiotic therapy. Infection
control measures include educating athletes and staff, following Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention recommendations, identifying CA-MRSA carriers with nasal cultures, introducing
hexachlorophene 3% soap intermittently in the showers, making alcohol-based hand sanitizers
4. available on the field, disinfecting weight training and rehabilitation equipment, and using
disposable towels on the field during practices and games. Suzanne Bradley, M.D., and infectious
disease specialist at the VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System and University of Michigan Health
System stated, “ We’ve seen outbreaks in athletes, collegiate athletes and professional football
players. Since staff is acquired primarily by direct contact, anyone with a break in their skin who
has a lot of contact with others is potentially a risk” (Fein 1). How can journalists from all over the
country fail to acknowledge other MRSA cases and misinterpret UCSF’s research study? Is it
because medical writers have never studied medical science?
How can research scientists publish research and then allow the media to misinterpret the
data? There should be a strict editing process before a journalist can publish life-threatening news.
It is crucial to get all the facts together in order to prevent MRSA from infecting other cities
throughout the United States. People are so often consumed with their own lives and depend on
the media to inform them of present dangers. But, there is a huge communication gap between
journalists and medical professionals. Journalists are free to misinterpret research and write
whatever their hearts desire. Sabin wrote his publication within 24 hours after UCSF posted their
research online. How can any journalist spend less than twenty-four hours to analyze years of
research and proceed to write a newspaper article? It’s a race against time, and every journalist
strives to become the first to deliver news beats before anyone else! It happens all of the time, and
Sabin is a clear representation of this horrific situation. Sabin has never studied medicine and should
be removed from his job as a medical writer for the San Francisco Chronicle. Newspapers should
require all medical journalists to obtain a medical degree! People can no longer depend on the
media to inform them of any life threatening dangers! As citizens we need to look into other
resources for information other than our local newspapers and news coverage on TV. American
journalism has failed to develop reliable sources of information to the public.
5. After two months of research I was able to locate a grassroots activists group called MRSA
Action Group. MRSA Action Group was organized by Dr. Richard Loftus in efforts to re-educate
the public about MRSA. Currently, Dr. Loftus has been treating patients who have contacted
different strains of MRSA. He has not diagnosed any of the deadly MRSA cases, and is not
convinced the strain is an epidemic in San Francisco. However, he has been able to successfully
treat all of his patients at Davies Medical Center with various antibiotics, and alternative medicines.
But, he like many other doctors cannot explain why some of his patients have a reoccurrence of
MRSA. There is so much more yet we have to learn and understand about this infectious disease.
In a MRSA Action Group meeting held on April , 2008 Dr. Loftus stated, “Although most cases
are curable there isn’t a systematic treatment plan. Doctor’s have to use inconsistent treatment
methods for every individual.” I have found this group to be very responsive in taking immediate
action in preventable measures. The group’s current projects include: working on a report about
MRSA to understand how health departments across the country are monitoring the situation and
educating the public; producing a MRSA 101 video for You Tube distribution; beginning a series of
pub crawls to the gay bars to educate folks about MRSA and it treatment and prevention with the
Sisters of Perpetual Indulgence. The group is continuing their efforts to educate the entire San
Francisco community that MRSA affects everybody and not just the gay community. The group.
Overall I am utterly disgusted with the San Francisco Chronicle. How can anyone believe
anything Sabin Russell publishes? He lacks the knowledge to interpret research and has created
hysteria across the nation. Christian groups have used this opportunity to backlash against the entire
gay community. Matt Barber of Concerned Women of America states, “The medical community
has known for years that homosexual conduct especially amongst males , creates a breeding ground
for often deadly diseases” (Crain 2). Have journalists not learned from their mistakes during the
Aids crisis in the 1980’s? Apparently not! Journalists need to wake up and understand that the gay
6. community is not responsible for spreading diseases across the United States! Furthermore, the San
Francisco Chronicle needs to retract the Sabin Russell article and apologize for their defamation to
the gay community. Scientists and Doctors know more about MRSA than Sabin Russell will ever
begin to understand. Rather than causing hysteria across the nation, he could spend his time
educating himself about MRSA and writing about prevention awareness groups. The MRSA Action
Group will continue to fight back against the San Francisco Chronicle article, and re-educate the
public with the truth. No one has the right to make false statements against any community. I
believe a journalist must be faithful and responsible to inform the public of life-threatening dangers
that may be present amongst our community.