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Business Practices and Legal Issues: Good IP Practices for
                                          Early Stage Companies




 Traps for the Unwary in License
  Agreements: a Laundry List of
Gotcha's for Early Stage Companies
                  Delivered Before the M assachusetts Internet and
                      Software Council on September 17, 2003




              Walt Wright, Managing Director
                  Trinity Law Group LLC
www.trinitylg.com 200 Lowder Brook Drive – Westwood, MA 02090
781.329.0088
Emerging Companies:
      The Vital Role of Software
      Licenses

      Operations
      Product Development
      Revenue


Walter Wright, Managing Director, Rich May Law
Emerging Companies
                As a Licensor
                As a Licensee



Walter Wright, Attorney -Trinity Law Group LLC
               www.trinitylg.com
Know your rights, risks,
 responsibilities and
    opportunities.



  Walter Wright, Attorney -Trinity Law Group LLC
                 www.trinitylg.com
Keep Your Goals In Focus
 Acknowledge Your Risks
Focus On The Opportunity
Make Practical Assessments



Walter Wright, Attorney -Trinity Law Group LLC
               www.trinitylg.com
Software Asset Management

    SAM is an emerging discipline


Managing the Asset is Managing the Relationships

     As a User
     As a Reseller/Bundler
     As a Developer

         Walter Wright, Attorney -Trinity Law Group LLC
                        www.trinitylg.com
Licensing Agreements
Click Wrap & Shrink Wrap
       Negotiated


  Walter Wright, Attorney -Trinity Law Group LLC
                 www.trinitylg.com
Licensing Agreements

               MOUs
Alliance Agreements & Joint Ventures
    Co-Marketing Agreements
  Joint Development Agreements

   Walter Wright, Attorney -Trinity Law Group LLC
                  www.trinitylg.com
due diligence
                                                           scope & specifications
  The                                                        payment options

Laundr                                                     warranties & covenants

                                                             proprietary rights
 y List                                             service levels and maintenance
                                                                assignment
                                                           breach and remedies



          Walter Wright, Attorney -Trinity Law Group LLC
                         www.trinitylg.com
What Bad Can Happen?



  Walter Wright, Attorney -Trinity Law Group LLC
                 www.trinitylg.com
What Good Can Happen?



  Walter Wright, Attorney -Trinity Law Group LLC
                 www.trinitylg.com
Zeal Obscuring Reality



  Walter Wright, Attorney -Trinity Law Group LLC
                 www.trinitylg.com
Due Diligence
    For legal & business protection ask and
          answer the right questions:
  Does the other party to a licensing agreement have the reputation, financial
           strength and future potential to make the license worthwhile?
           Does the other party have the rights it is claiming to transfer?
Are all rights being transferred that are needed to fulfill the purpose of the deal ?




               Walter Wright, Attorney -Trinity Law Group LLC
                              www.trinitylg.com
Scope & Specifications



  Walter Wright, Attorney -Trinity Law Group LLC
                 www.trinitylg.com
The specification is the precise description of
   what is covered by the license. It should be
inclusive of all necessary elements to achieve the
purpose of the assignment, but should not be too
                                broad.



          Walter Wright, Attorney -Trinity Law Group LLC
                         www.trinitylg.com
The Scope Of License
Most critical element of the license agreement.

What the licensee may and may not do with the
intellectual property.

Limitations include exclusivity, geography, industry
sector, market, duration of the license, renewal, and rights
to make improvements or modifications.

          Walter Wright, Managing Director, Rich May Law
Proprietary Rights



Walter Wright, Attorney -Trinity Law Group LLC
               www.trinitylg.com
Software Escrow
     Agreements


Walter Wright, Attorney -Trinity Law Group LLC
               www.trinitylg.com
Payment Options



Walter Wright, Attorney -Trinity Law Group LLC
               www.trinitylg.com
Payment can take many forms: cash, installment payments,
promissory notes, equity payable as a single issuance or in
installments, and/or royalties.

Are royalty payments going to be based on unit sales,
percent of gross revenue, or percent of profit?
Will there be minimum royalties paid? Sliding-scale royalty
payments?

Royalty licenses could make a product too expensive to be
competitive.

          Walter Wright, Attorney -Trinity Law Group LLC
                         www.trinitylg.com
Warranties & Covenants
including representations, indemnification and disclaimers




          Walter Wright, Attorney -Trinity Law Group LLC
                         www.trinitylg.com
Disclaimer of Warranties



   Walter Wright, Attorney -Trinity Law Group LLC
                  www.trinitylg.com
Acceptance



Walter Wright, Attorney -Trinity Law Group LLC
               www.trinitylg.com
Service Levels And
   Maintenance


Walter Wright, Attorney -Trinity Law Group LLC
               www.trinitylg.com
Confidentiality and Trade
        Secrets


   Walter Wright, Attorney -Trinity Law Group LLC
                  www.trinitylg.com
Limitation of Damages



 Walter Wright, Attorney -Trinity Law Group LLC
                www.trinitylg.com
Money in the Maintenance

          Money Found.
          Money Lost.


   Walter Wright, Attorney -Trinity Law Group LLC
                  www.trinitylg.com
Dispute Resolution



Walter Wright, Attorney -Trinity Law Group LLC
               www.trinitylg.com
International
Piracy
Limited copyright protection
No patent protection
Currency & Taxes
United Nations Convention on Contracts for the
International Sale of Goods
Culture
Enforcement

     Walter Wright, Attorney -Trinity Law Group LLC
                    www.trinitylg.com
Wright’s Postulate:
“Opportunity to be generous
and the right to be ruthless”


  Walter Wright, Attorney -Trinity Law Group LLC
                 www.trinitylg.com
Document clearly and use a lawyer.
                          @!#%&$
 Express your goals and expectations--and
       create plans and benchmarks.
 Protect yourself. Your intellectual property
and proprietary information and operational
         autonomy need protection.


      Walter Wright, Attorney -Trinity Law Group LLC
                     www.trinitylg.com
The Hybrid:
Software/Data/Business Model/
License/Transfer/Alliance



    Walter Wright, Attorney -Trinity Law Group LLC
                   www.trinitylg.com
Counsel to Capitalists
A greater Boston law firm serving companies, investors and entrepreneurs throughout the
United States and the EU. For over 55 years combined, clients have turned to Trinity Law
Group lawyers for sophisticated legal and strategic counsel in a variety of complex transactions,
business disputes and other legal matters Its complex and diverse practice embraces emerging
and high growth businesses, venture capital, securities, licensing, mergers & acquisitions,
contracts, technology, business services, e-commerce, intellectual property, and sustainable
energy.

Trinity Law Group’s law and strategic counseling practice intensely focuses on the
organizational, venture financing, operational and transactional requirements of entrepreneurs,
emerging technology and information companies as well as representing venture capital funds
and angel groups in investment transactions and executives in transition.

                  Walter Wright, Attorney -Trinity Law Group LLC
                                 www.trinitylg.com
About Walter Wright

Walter Wright, a Founder of Trinity Law Group, was named by Massachusetts Super
Lawyers in Boston magazine as one of the top 100 attorneys in Massachusetts. Of
the Top 100, he is one of only 3 lawyers selected in the Business/Corporate category.
He is named in the Corporate Counsel edition of Super Lawyers as one of the “Top
Attorneys in Corporate and Securities Law” across the United States. Walt Wright
serves in significant and vital capacities including lead general counsel, special
counsel and strategic advisor. He recently celebrated his 25th year of practice.




              Walter Wright, Attorney -Trinity Law Group LLC
                             www.trinitylg.com
Walter A. Wright, III
  Trinity Law Group LLC
                781.329.0088
        Email wwright@trinitylg.com
             Fax 781.459.2683
              skype wwrightiii
           www.trinitylg.com.com
         www.trinitylg.com/waw.html
200 Lowder Brook Drive Westwood, MA 02110

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Lawyer Walter Wright IP Licensing Practices For Early Stage Companies Traps For The Unwary

  • 1. Business Practices and Legal Issues: Good IP Practices for Early Stage Companies Traps for the Unwary in License Agreements: a Laundry List of Gotcha's for Early Stage Companies Delivered Before the M assachusetts Internet and Software Council on September 17, 2003 Walt Wright, Managing Director Trinity Law Group LLC www.trinitylg.com 200 Lowder Brook Drive – Westwood, MA 02090 781.329.0088
  • 2. Emerging Companies: The Vital Role of Software Licenses Operations Product Development Revenue Walter Wright, Managing Director, Rich May Law
  • 3. Emerging Companies As a Licensor As a Licensee Walter Wright, Attorney -Trinity Law Group LLC www.trinitylg.com
  • 4. Know your rights, risks, responsibilities and opportunities. Walter Wright, Attorney -Trinity Law Group LLC www.trinitylg.com
  • 5. Keep Your Goals In Focus Acknowledge Your Risks Focus On The Opportunity Make Practical Assessments Walter Wright, Attorney -Trinity Law Group LLC www.trinitylg.com
  • 6. Software Asset Management SAM is an emerging discipline Managing the Asset is Managing the Relationships As a User As a Reseller/Bundler As a Developer Walter Wright, Attorney -Trinity Law Group LLC www.trinitylg.com
  • 7. Licensing Agreements Click Wrap & Shrink Wrap Negotiated Walter Wright, Attorney -Trinity Law Group LLC www.trinitylg.com
  • 8. Licensing Agreements MOUs Alliance Agreements & Joint Ventures Co-Marketing Agreements Joint Development Agreements Walter Wright, Attorney -Trinity Law Group LLC www.trinitylg.com
  • 9. due diligence scope & specifications The payment options Laundr warranties & covenants proprietary rights y List service levels and maintenance assignment breach and remedies Walter Wright, Attorney -Trinity Law Group LLC www.trinitylg.com
  • 10. What Bad Can Happen? Walter Wright, Attorney -Trinity Law Group LLC www.trinitylg.com
  • 11. What Good Can Happen? Walter Wright, Attorney -Trinity Law Group LLC www.trinitylg.com
  • 12. Zeal Obscuring Reality Walter Wright, Attorney -Trinity Law Group LLC www.trinitylg.com
  • 13. Due Diligence For legal & business protection ask and answer the right questions: Does the other party to a licensing agreement have the reputation, financial strength and future potential to make the license worthwhile? Does the other party have the rights it is claiming to transfer? Are all rights being transferred that are needed to fulfill the purpose of the deal ? Walter Wright, Attorney -Trinity Law Group LLC www.trinitylg.com
  • 14. Scope & Specifications Walter Wright, Attorney -Trinity Law Group LLC www.trinitylg.com
  • 15. The specification is the precise description of what is covered by the license. It should be inclusive of all necessary elements to achieve the purpose of the assignment, but should not be too broad. Walter Wright, Attorney -Trinity Law Group LLC www.trinitylg.com
  • 16. The Scope Of License Most critical element of the license agreement. What the licensee may and may not do with the intellectual property. Limitations include exclusivity, geography, industry sector, market, duration of the license, renewal, and rights to make improvements or modifications. Walter Wright, Managing Director, Rich May Law
  • 17. Proprietary Rights Walter Wright, Attorney -Trinity Law Group LLC www.trinitylg.com
  • 18. Software Escrow Agreements Walter Wright, Attorney -Trinity Law Group LLC www.trinitylg.com
  • 19. Payment Options Walter Wright, Attorney -Trinity Law Group LLC www.trinitylg.com
  • 20. Payment can take many forms: cash, installment payments, promissory notes, equity payable as a single issuance or in installments, and/or royalties. Are royalty payments going to be based on unit sales, percent of gross revenue, or percent of profit? Will there be minimum royalties paid? Sliding-scale royalty payments? Royalty licenses could make a product too expensive to be competitive. Walter Wright, Attorney -Trinity Law Group LLC www.trinitylg.com
  • 21. Warranties & Covenants including representations, indemnification and disclaimers Walter Wright, Attorney -Trinity Law Group LLC www.trinitylg.com
  • 22. Disclaimer of Warranties Walter Wright, Attorney -Trinity Law Group LLC www.trinitylg.com
  • 23. Acceptance Walter Wright, Attorney -Trinity Law Group LLC www.trinitylg.com
  • 24. Service Levels And Maintenance Walter Wright, Attorney -Trinity Law Group LLC www.trinitylg.com
  • 25. Confidentiality and Trade Secrets Walter Wright, Attorney -Trinity Law Group LLC www.trinitylg.com
  • 26. Limitation of Damages Walter Wright, Attorney -Trinity Law Group LLC www.trinitylg.com
  • 27. Money in the Maintenance Money Found. Money Lost. Walter Wright, Attorney -Trinity Law Group LLC www.trinitylg.com
  • 28. Dispute Resolution Walter Wright, Attorney -Trinity Law Group LLC www.trinitylg.com
  • 29. International Piracy Limited copyright protection No patent protection Currency & Taxes United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods Culture Enforcement Walter Wright, Attorney -Trinity Law Group LLC www.trinitylg.com
  • 30. Wright’s Postulate: “Opportunity to be generous and the right to be ruthless” Walter Wright, Attorney -Trinity Law Group LLC www.trinitylg.com
  • 31. Document clearly and use a lawyer. @!#%&$ Express your goals and expectations--and create plans and benchmarks. Protect yourself. Your intellectual property and proprietary information and operational autonomy need protection. Walter Wright, Attorney -Trinity Law Group LLC www.trinitylg.com
  • 32. The Hybrid: Software/Data/Business Model/ License/Transfer/Alliance Walter Wright, Attorney -Trinity Law Group LLC www.trinitylg.com
  • 33. Counsel to Capitalists A greater Boston law firm serving companies, investors and entrepreneurs throughout the United States and the EU. For over 55 years combined, clients have turned to Trinity Law Group lawyers for sophisticated legal and strategic counsel in a variety of complex transactions, business disputes and other legal matters Its complex and diverse practice embraces emerging and high growth businesses, venture capital, securities, licensing, mergers & acquisitions, contracts, technology, business services, e-commerce, intellectual property, and sustainable energy. Trinity Law Group’s law and strategic counseling practice intensely focuses on the organizational, venture financing, operational and transactional requirements of entrepreneurs, emerging technology and information companies as well as representing venture capital funds and angel groups in investment transactions and executives in transition. Walter Wright, Attorney -Trinity Law Group LLC www.trinitylg.com
  • 34. About Walter Wright Walter Wright, a Founder of Trinity Law Group, was named by Massachusetts Super Lawyers in Boston magazine as one of the top 100 attorneys in Massachusetts. Of the Top 100, he is one of only 3 lawyers selected in the Business/Corporate category. He is named in the Corporate Counsel edition of Super Lawyers as one of the “Top Attorneys in Corporate and Securities Law” across the United States. Walt Wright serves in significant and vital capacities including lead general counsel, special counsel and strategic advisor. He recently celebrated his 25th year of practice. Walter Wright, Attorney -Trinity Law Group LLC www.trinitylg.com
  • 35. Walter A. Wright, III Trinity Law Group LLC 781.329.0088 Email wwright@trinitylg.com Fax 781.459.2683 skype wwrightiii www.trinitylg.com.com www.trinitylg.com/waw.html 200 Lowder Brook Drive Westwood, MA 02110

Editor's Notes

  1. Representations, Warranties and Indemnification As a licensee, you will want assurances that the licensor owns the rights you seek to acquire so that you will not violate another's rights by using the licensed property. Representations and warranties set forth the licensor's promises with respect to these issues. Indemnification grants the licensee a right to seek damages from the licensor if these representations are false and cause the licensee to suffer a loss. As a licensor, you may also demand representations, warranties, and indemnification from the licensee regarding such issues as financial stability. A covenant is a promise to do or refrain from doing a particular thing. In the intellectual property context, covenants take the form of promises by the licensee to use intellectual property in such a way as to maintain its value and protectability. Covenants can be phrased in terms of "best efforts" or "reasonable efforts." The latter allows cost-benefit considerations in determining whether a licensee has fulfilled his or her promise under specific conditions.
  2. Representations, Warranties and Indemnification As a licensee, you will want assurances that the licensor owns the rights you seek to acquire so that you will not violate another's rights by using the licensed property. Representations and warranties set forth the licensor's promises with respect to these issues. Indemnification grants the licensee a right to seek damages from the licensor if these representations are false and cause the licensee to suffer a loss. As a licensor, you may also demand representations, warranties, and indemnification from the licensee regarding such issues as financial stability. A covenant is a promise to do or refrain from doing a particular thing. In the intellectual property context, covenants take the form of promises by the licensee to use intellectual property in such a way as to maintain its value and protectability. Covenants can be phrased in terms of "best efforts" or "reasonable efforts." The latter allows cost-benefit considerations in determining whether a licensee has fulfilled his or her promise under specific conditions.