1. The document discusses using a "heartbeat" mechanism in TCP/IP networks to gather state metadata from devices and platforms and synchronize data across systems through unit task orders and multicast groups.
2. It describes converting military tactics and procedures for maneuver control and network reconfiguration to commercial equivalents to enable information sharing across government, private, and nonprofit organizations.
3. These methods apply the intrinsic TCP/IP heartbeat beacon frames to place harvested data into queues for processing and distribution using various commercial messaging and networking protocols.
Review of the paper: Traffic-aware Frequency Scaling for Balanced On-Chip Net...Luca Sinico
This work has been done as assignment and as part of the exam of the Distributed Systems course, while attending the Master's Degree in Computer Engineering at University of Padua.
If you find something wrong or not clear, or if you don't agree with me with the work done or the grades of the assessment, please tell me.
This document discusses several factors that impact GPRS data speeds, including:
1) The number of available timeslots impacts bandwidth capacity, with each timeslot providing 14.4kbps and more timeslots allowing for higher speeds.
2) A phone's multislot class determines how many uplink and downlink timeslots it can use simultaneously, ranging from class 1 with 1 slot to class 29 with all 8 slots.
3) Interference from other GPRS users can degrade speeds, especially for coding schemes with less error protection.
1. Several parameters were changed at the BSC and cell level to improve GPRS/EGPRS download throughput for the TTSL Orissa project, including enabling BVC flow control, supporting signaling and extended uplink TBFs, increasing timer values, and adjusting cell reselection hysteresis levels.
2. UPPB-DSP congestion auditing formulas were provided to check GPRS/EGPRS congestion rates based on resource and Abis congestion counters.
3. Testing concluded that adjusting PDTCH configurations and increasing the number of PDTCHs from 2 to 3 improved EGPRS download throughput.
This document discusses a framework for fuzzing the GSM protocol stack. It begins with an abstract and introduction describing the challenges of fuzzing GSM due to its complexity. It then provides background on GSM basics including the network architecture, protocol layers, and message formats. The document focuses on describing the prerequisites and architecture developed for automated GSM fuzzing, including generating test cases, monitoring mobile phone states, and managing the fuzzing process.
The document discusses 3GPP's Long Term Evolution (LTE) and System Architecture Evolution (SAE) projects. LTE aims to enhance UTRA to ensure continued competitiveness through higher peak data rates, lower latency, improved spectrum efficiency and reduced costs. SAE focuses on enhancing packet-switched technology for higher data rates and lower latency through a fully IP, simplified architecture. It addresses mobility, access technologies and roaming in the evolved system. Work is underway on requirements and a single high-level architectural model.
1. The three sets involved in 3G handover are the active set, monitored set, and detected set. The active set contains cells in soft handover, the monitored set contains cells to monitor, and the detected set contains detected cells.
2. The major difference between GSM and UMTS handover decision is that GSM uses time-based reporting while UMTS uses event-triggered reporting.
3. Events 1A-1F relate to changes in primary common pilot channel power levels and adding or removing cells from the active set.
Effects of location awareness on concurrent transmissions for cognitive ad ho...Mumbai Academisc
This document proposes a system that allows cognitive radio (CR) devices to establish peer-to-peer ad hoc networks that overlay existing infrastructure-based wireless networks. By utilizing location awareness, CR devices can identify regions where concurrent transmissions on the same frequency band are possible between the ad hoc and infrastructure-based networks. An analytical model is developed based on CSMA/CA to compute the probability of concurrent transmissions. The results show the frequency band of the legacy system can be reused up to 45% by the overlaying cognitive ad hoc network when CR users have location information.
This document provides an overview of high speed networks including Frame Relay networks, Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM), ATM protocol architecture, logical connections, cells, service categories, and high speed LANs. It discusses the architecture, user data transfer, and call control of Frame Relay networks. For ATM, it describes the protocol model, logical connections, cells, adaptation layer, and service categories. It also provides an introduction to emerging high speed LAN technologies.
Review of the paper: Traffic-aware Frequency Scaling for Balanced On-Chip Net...Luca Sinico
This work has been done as assignment and as part of the exam of the Distributed Systems course, while attending the Master's Degree in Computer Engineering at University of Padua.
If you find something wrong or not clear, or if you don't agree with me with the work done or the grades of the assessment, please tell me.
This document discusses several factors that impact GPRS data speeds, including:
1) The number of available timeslots impacts bandwidth capacity, with each timeslot providing 14.4kbps and more timeslots allowing for higher speeds.
2) A phone's multislot class determines how many uplink and downlink timeslots it can use simultaneously, ranging from class 1 with 1 slot to class 29 with all 8 slots.
3) Interference from other GPRS users can degrade speeds, especially for coding schemes with less error protection.
1. Several parameters were changed at the BSC and cell level to improve GPRS/EGPRS download throughput for the TTSL Orissa project, including enabling BVC flow control, supporting signaling and extended uplink TBFs, increasing timer values, and adjusting cell reselection hysteresis levels.
2. UPPB-DSP congestion auditing formulas were provided to check GPRS/EGPRS congestion rates based on resource and Abis congestion counters.
3. Testing concluded that adjusting PDTCH configurations and increasing the number of PDTCHs from 2 to 3 improved EGPRS download throughput.
This document discusses a framework for fuzzing the GSM protocol stack. It begins with an abstract and introduction describing the challenges of fuzzing GSM due to its complexity. It then provides background on GSM basics including the network architecture, protocol layers, and message formats. The document focuses on describing the prerequisites and architecture developed for automated GSM fuzzing, including generating test cases, monitoring mobile phone states, and managing the fuzzing process.
The document discusses 3GPP's Long Term Evolution (LTE) and System Architecture Evolution (SAE) projects. LTE aims to enhance UTRA to ensure continued competitiveness through higher peak data rates, lower latency, improved spectrum efficiency and reduced costs. SAE focuses on enhancing packet-switched technology for higher data rates and lower latency through a fully IP, simplified architecture. It addresses mobility, access technologies and roaming in the evolved system. Work is underway on requirements and a single high-level architectural model.
1. The three sets involved in 3G handover are the active set, monitored set, and detected set. The active set contains cells in soft handover, the monitored set contains cells to monitor, and the detected set contains detected cells.
2. The major difference between GSM and UMTS handover decision is that GSM uses time-based reporting while UMTS uses event-triggered reporting.
3. Events 1A-1F relate to changes in primary common pilot channel power levels and adding or removing cells from the active set.
Effects of location awareness on concurrent transmissions for cognitive ad ho...Mumbai Academisc
This document proposes a system that allows cognitive radio (CR) devices to establish peer-to-peer ad hoc networks that overlay existing infrastructure-based wireless networks. By utilizing location awareness, CR devices can identify regions where concurrent transmissions on the same frequency band are possible between the ad hoc and infrastructure-based networks. An analytical model is developed based on CSMA/CA to compute the probability of concurrent transmissions. The results show the frequency band of the legacy system can be reused up to 45% by the overlaying cognitive ad hoc network when CR users have location information.
This document provides an overview of high speed networks including Frame Relay networks, Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM), ATM protocol architecture, logical connections, cells, service categories, and high speed LANs. It discusses the architecture, user data transfer, and call control of Frame Relay networks. For ATM, it describes the protocol model, logical connections, cells, adaptation layer, and service categories. It also provides an introduction to emerging high speed LAN technologies.
This document provides an overview and examples of configuring Class of Service (CoS) on Juniper Networks devices running the Junos operating system. It describes the key CoS elements like classifiers, policers, schedulers, shapers, and rewrite rules. It also includes an example CoS configuration snippet showing how these elements can be implemented and referenced in the firewall, class-of-service, interfaces, and scheduler-maps sections of the Junos configuration.
The document discusses Nortel's Multi-Carrier Traffic Allocation (MCTA) feature for 1xRTT networks. MCTA dynamically balances traffic across multiple RF carriers serving the same sector. It operates at call setup and can support up to 3 carriers per sector. The MCTA algorithm selects the best carrier using factors like frequency priority, capacity threshold, and capacity estimates reported by each BTS. MCTA makes decisions either at the BTS or SBS depending on the network configuration.
Simulation based Evaluation of a Simple Channel Distribution Scheme for MANETsIOSR Journals
This document presents a proposed multi-channel distribution scheme for mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) and evaluates it through simulation. The proposed scheme assigns channels to nodes based on their node IDs to avoid control overhead from time synchronization. While neighboring nodes on the same channel is possible, the probability is low given random node distribution. The proposed scheme is compared to a single-channel scheme in ns-2 simulations. Results show the proposed technique has better performance.
The document proposes changes to address SMS fraud by describing the use of a TCAP handshake for mobile terminated SMS transfers. Specifically, it:
1) Describes using a TCAP handshake prior to the MAP payload exchange to provide a limited level of message authenticity without using MAPsec.
2) Proposes measures for networks to take to counteract spoofing attempts, such as verifying the SMS-GMSC address matches the originating SCCP address.
3) Suggests a method for operators to gradually introduce the TCAP handshake by defining trusted and untrusted operator groups with different requirements.
The document provides an overview of the key components and operations of a GSM cellular network. It describes the network and switching subsystem (NSS) which controls connections, mobility management, and interconnection. The NSS includes components like the Mobile Switching Center (MSC) and databases like the Home Location Register (HLR) and Visitor Location Register (VLR). It also describes the mobile handset, radio interface using TDMA, network architecture with cells, and methods to increase network capacity like frequency reuse, cell splitting, and sectoring.
The document discusses schedule-based MAC protocols for wireless sensor networks. It begins with a review of previous concepts and then discusses key schedule-based protocols including LEACH, SPIN, S-MAC, and TRAMA. The document emphasizes that schedule-based protocols explicitly assign transmission timeslots to nodes to avoid collisions and allow nodes to sleep at other times, reducing idle listening and improving energy efficiency compared to contention-based protocols. Time synchronization is necessary for schedule-based protocols to function properly.
This document discusses various MAC protocols for ad hoc wireless networks. It begins by outlining key issues in designing MAC protocols for these networks, such as bandwidth efficiency, quality of service support, and the hidden and exposed terminal problems. It then covers classifications of MAC protocols including contention-based, contention-based with reservation mechanisms, and contention-based with scheduling mechanisms. Specific protocols are discussed within each category.
This document summarizes research on medium access control (MAC) layer protocols for ad-hoc networks. It begins with an introduction to ad-hoc networks and their key properties. It then discusses important issues at the MAC layer for these dynamic networks, including limited bandwidth, errors, and changing topologies. Several MAC protocol classifications and examples are provided, such as power-aware, multiple channel, and quality of service protocols. The document concludes by discussing future research directions for addressing open problems at the MAC layer in ad-hoc networks.
ABSTRACT : Performance enhancement of smart antennas versus their complexity for commercial wireless
applications. The goal of the study presented in this paper is to investigate the performance improvement
attainable using relatively simple smart antenna techniques when applied to the third-generation W-CDMA air
interface. Methods to achieve this goal include fixed multi beam architectures with different beam selection
algorithms (maximum power criterion, combined beams) or adaptive solutions driven by relatively simple direction
finding algorithms. After comparing these methods against each other for several representative scenarios, some
issues related to the sensitivity of these methods are also studied, (e.g., robustness to environment, mismatches
originating from implementation limitations, etc.). Results indicate that overall, conventional beam forming
seems to be the best choice in terms of balancing the performance and complexity requirements, in particular
when the problem with interfering high-bit-rate W-CDMA 3g users is considered.
1) Medium Access Control (MAC) protocols regulate access to shared wireless channels and ensure performance requirements of applications are met. They assemble data into frames, append addressing and error detection, and disassemble received frames.
2) Common MAC protocols include Fixed Assignment (e.g. TDMA), Demand Assignment (e.g. polling), and Random Assignment (e.g. ALOHA, CSMA). Schedule-based MAC protocols avoid contention through resource scheduling while contention-based protocols (e.g. CSMA/CA) allocate resources on demand, risking collisions.
3) The document discusses various MAC protocols for wireless sensor networks and their objectives to minimize energy waste from idle listening, collisions,
This document describes events generated by TEMS products related to GSM, WCDMA, LTE, and TD-SCDMA networks. It includes a list of over 50 events with descriptions and notes on when they are generated. Example events include call establishment, cell reselection, handover failures, and data service events. The document also provides overviews of selected event families and details on call events and their state machines.
The three-way need for higher data rates, good quality of service and ubiquity in a converged all IP
communication cloud drives research in wireless communication. Wireless access networks are envisaged
candidates of the next generation wireless networks. The various access networks will be integrated with
other technologies including the wired backbone. The major issues in an all IP and converged networks
are: quality of service, seamless handover and network capacity. Emerging research seeks to address these
open research issues; for example the implementation of multi-channel and multi radio MAC protocols in
WMN. In this paper we analyze and evaluate the effectiveness of multi-channel and multi radio techniques
in WMN. The shortcomings of these schemes are highlighted and possible solutions are suggested. The
signalling delay metric is used for evaluation purposes. The focus is on the performance of the control
channel identified as the critical performance metric of multi-channel MAC protocols.
QoS -Aware Spectrum Sharing for Multi-Channel Vehicular NetworkIJSRD
We consider QoS -aware band sharing in cognitive wireless networks where secondary users are allowed to access the band owned by a primary network provider. The intrusion from secondary users to primary users is forced to be below the tolerable limit. Also, signal to intrusion plus noise ratio (SINR) of each secondary user is maintained higher than a required level for QoS cover. When network load is high, admission control needs to be performed to satisfy both QoS and intrusion constraint. We propose an admission control algorithm which is performed jointly with power manage such that QoS needs of all admitted secondary users are satisfied while keeping the intrusion to primary users below the passable limit. When all secondary users can be supported at minimum rates, we allow them to increase their spread rates and share the spectrum in a fair manner. We formulate the joint power/rate allocation with max-min equality principle as an optimization problem. We show how to change it into a convex optimization problem so that its globally most favourable solution can be obtained. Numerical grades show that the proposed admission control algorithm achieves performance very close to the optimal solution.
This presentation covers:
1. Evolution of UMTS core network
2. Different 3GPP releases up gradation to UMTS architecture
3. UMTS Core network elements
4. Protocols used in UMTS core networks
5. MSC server and MGW
6. IMS architecture
There is a pressing need to distribute accurate timing, i.e., frequency and/or Time of Day (ToD), across Packet Switched Networks (PSNs) for applications such as cellular backhaul. This paper reviews the main issues involved in timing over packet (ToP) demarcation and provides best practices for ToP demarcation and performance monitoring.
The document discusses various solutions for improving radio network capacity in GSM networks. It describes three categories of capacity solutions: cell capacity solutions, network capacity solutions, and channel capacity solutions. For cell capacity, it covers techniques like multiple reuse patterns and fractional load planning that improve frequency reuse. For network capacity, it discusses adding different cell types and intelligent traffic distribution. For channel capacity, it discusses half-rate voice and GPRS data. The author recommends a three step approach for operators to maximize capacity: 1) tighten frequency reuse and enable AMR, 2) add spectrum bands and small cells, 3) continue expanding small cells.
The document discusses signaling fundamentals in a base station subsystem (BSS). It describes the A, Abis, and Um interfaces between the BSS components. The A interface uses SS7 protocol layers including the physical layer, MTP, SCCP and BSSAP. The BSSAP layer supports BSSMAP messages for connectionless and connection-oriented signaling between the BSS and MSC.
S URVEY OF L TE D OWNLINK S CHEDULERS A LGORITHMS IN O PEN A CCESS S IM...ijwmn
he LTE/LTE-A has become a catchphrase for research
and lot of research are being conducted and
carried out in LTE in various issues by various peo
ple. New tools are developed and introduced in the
market to interpret the results of the new algorith
ms proposed by various people. Some tools are open
access which are free to use but some tools are pro
duced by the companies which are not open access. I
n
this paper some of the open access simulation tools
like LTE-Sim and NS-3 are analyzed and LTE downlin
k
scheduler algorithms are simulated using those tool
s. In LTE systems, the downlink scheduler is an
important component for radio resource management;
hence in the context of LTE simulation, a study
between the downlink scheduler models between the s
imulators are performed.
Mrs. Hoffmann's 7th grade English class will focus on journaling, spelling, writing essays in different styles, and writing skills. Students will need a 2" binder divided into 5 sections, a spiral notebook, composition book, flash drive, pens, pencils, and highlighters. Classroom expectations include being courteous, respecting others' property, bringing materials daily, being on time, and giving full effort. Tutorials are available on Tuesdays and students should have a positive attitude to have a great year.
This document provides an overview and examples of configuring Class of Service (CoS) on Juniper Networks devices running the Junos operating system. It describes the key CoS elements like classifiers, policers, schedulers, shapers, and rewrite rules. It also includes an example CoS configuration snippet showing how these elements can be implemented and referenced in the firewall, class-of-service, interfaces, and scheduler-maps sections of the Junos configuration.
The document discusses Nortel's Multi-Carrier Traffic Allocation (MCTA) feature for 1xRTT networks. MCTA dynamically balances traffic across multiple RF carriers serving the same sector. It operates at call setup and can support up to 3 carriers per sector. The MCTA algorithm selects the best carrier using factors like frequency priority, capacity threshold, and capacity estimates reported by each BTS. MCTA makes decisions either at the BTS or SBS depending on the network configuration.
Simulation based Evaluation of a Simple Channel Distribution Scheme for MANETsIOSR Journals
This document presents a proposed multi-channel distribution scheme for mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) and evaluates it through simulation. The proposed scheme assigns channels to nodes based on their node IDs to avoid control overhead from time synchronization. While neighboring nodes on the same channel is possible, the probability is low given random node distribution. The proposed scheme is compared to a single-channel scheme in ns-2 simulations. Results show the proposed technique has better performance.
The document proposes changes to address SMS fraud by describing the use of a TCAP handshake for mobile terminated SMS transfers. Specifically, it:
1) Describes using a TCAP handshake prior to the MAP payload exchange to provide a limited level of message authenticity without using MAPsec.
2) Proposes measures for networks to take to counteract spoofing attempts, such as verifying the SMS-GMSC address matches the originating SCCP address.
3) Suggests a method for operators to gradually introduce the TCAP handshake by defining trusted and untrusted operator groups with different requirements.
The document provides an overview of the key components and operations of a GSM cellular network. It describes the network and switching subsystem (NSS) which controls connections, mobility management, and interconnection. The NSS includes components like the Mobile Switching Center (MSC) and databases like the Home Location Register (HLR) and Visitor Location Register (VLR). It also describes the mobile handset, radio interface using TDMA, network architecture with cells, and methods to increase network capacity like frequency reuse, cell splitting, and sectoring.
The document discusses schedule-based MAC protocols for wireless sensor networks. It begins with a review of previous concepts and then discusses key schedule-based protocols including LEACH, SPIN, S-MAC, and TRAMA. The document emphasizes that schedule-based protocols explicitly assign transmission timeslots to nodes to avoid collisions and allow nodes to sleep at other times, reducing idle listening and improving energy efficiency compared to contention-based protocols. Time synchronization is necessary for schedule-based protocols to function properly.
This document discusses various MAC protocols for ad hoc wireless networks. It begins by outlining key issues in designing MAC protocols for these networks, such as bandwidth efficiency, quality of service support, and the hidden and exposed terminal problems. It then covers classifications of MAC protocols including contention-based, contention-based with reservation mechanisms, and contention-based with scheduling mechanisms. Specific protocols are discussed within each category.
This document summarizes research on medium access control (MAC) layer protocols for ad-hoc networks. It begins with an introduction to ad-hoc networks and their key properties. It then discusses important issues at the MAC layer for these dynamic networks, including limited bandwidth, errors, and changing topologies. Several MAC protocol classifications and examples are provided, such as power-aware, multiple channel, and quality of service protocols. The document concludes by discussing future research directions for addressing open problems at the MAC layer in ad-hoc networks.
ABSTRACT : Performance enhancement of smart antennas versus their complexity for commercial wireless
applications. The goal of the study presented in this paper is to investigate the performance improvement
attainable using relatively simple smart antenna techniques when applied to the third-generation W-CDMA air
interface. Methods to achieve this goal include fixed multi beam architectures with different beam selection
algorithms (maximum power criterion, combined beams) or adaptive solutions driven by relatively simple direction
finding algorithms. After comparing these methods against each other for several representative scenarios, some
issues related to the sensitivity of these methods are also studied, (e.g., robustness to environment, mismatches
originating from implementation limitations, etc.). Results indicate that overall, conventional beam forming
seems to be the best choice in terms of balancing the performance and complexity requirements, in particular
when the problem with interfering high-bit-rate W-CDMA 3g users is considered.
1) Medium Access Control (MAC) protocols regulate access to shared wireless channels and ensure performance requirements of applications are met. They assemble data into frames, append addressing and error detection, and disassemble received frames.
2) Common MAC protocols include Fixed Assignment (e.g. TDMA), Demand Assignment (e.g. polling), and Random Assignment (e.g. ALOHA, CSMA). Schedule-based MAC protocols avoid contention through resource scheduling while contention-based protocols (e.g. CSMA/CA) allocate resources on demand, risking collisions.
3) The document discusses various MAC protocols for wireless sensor networks and their objectives to minimize energy waste from idle listening, collisions,
This document describes events generated by TEMS products related to GSM, WCDMA, LTE, and TD-SCDMA networks. It includes a list of over 50 events with descriptions and notes on when they are generated. Example events include call establishment, cell reselection, handover failures, and data service events. The document also provides overviews of selected event families and details on call events and their state machines.
The three-way need for higher data rates, good quality of service and ubiquity in a converged all IP
communication cloud drives research in wireless communication. Wireless access networks are envisaged
candidates of the next generation wireless networks. The various access networks will be integrated with
other technologies including the wired backbone. The major issues in an all IP and converged networks
are: quality of service, seamless handover and network capacity. Emerging research seeks to address these
open research issues; for example the implementation of multi-channel and multi radio MAC protocols in
WMN. In this paper we analyze and evaluate the effectiveness of multi-channel and multi radio techniques
in WMN. The shortcomings of these schemes are highlighted and possible solutions are suggested. The
signalling delay metric is used for evaluation purposes. The focus is on the performance of the control
channel identified as the critical performance metric of multi-channel MAC protocols.
QoS -Aware Spectrum Sharing for Multi-Channel Vehicular NetworkIJSRD
We consider QoS -aware band sharing in cognitive wireless networks where secondary users are allowed to access the band owned by a primary network provider. The intrusion from secondary users to primary users is forced to be below the tolerable limit. Also, signal to intrusion plus noise ratio (SINR) of each secondary user is maintained higher than a required level for QoS cover. When network load is high, admission control needs to be performed to satisfy both QoS and intrusion constraint. We propose an admission control algorithm which is performed jointly with power manage such that QoS needs of all admitted secondary users are satisfied while keeping the intrusion to primary users below the passable limit. When all secondary users can be supported at minimum rates, we allow them to increase their spread rates and share the spectrum in a fair manner. We formulate the joint power/rate allocation with max-min equality principle as an optimization problem. We show how to change it into a convex optimization problem so that its globally most favourable solution can be obtained. Numerical grades show that the proposed admission control algorithm achieves performance very close to the optimal solution.
This presentation covers:
1. Evolution of UMTS core network
2. Different 3GPP releases up gradation to UMTS architecture
3. UMTS Core network elements
4. Protocols used in UMTS core networks
5. MSC server and MGW
6. IMS architecture
There is a pressing need to distribute accurate timing, i.e., frequency and/or Time of Day (ToD), across Packet Switched Networks (PSNs) for applications such as cellular backhaul. This paper reviews the main issues involved in timing over packet (ToP) demarcation and provides best practices for ToP demarcation and performance monitoring.
The document discusses various solutions for improving radio network capacity in GSM networks. It describes three categories of capacity solutions: cell capacity solutions, network capacity solutions, and channel capacity solutions. For cell capacity, it covers techniques like multiple reuse patterns and fractional load planning that improve frequency reuse. For network capacity, it discusses adding different cell types and intelligent traffic distribution. For channel capacity, it discusses half-rate voice and GPRS data. The author recommends a three step approach for operators to maximize capacity: 1) tighten frequency reuse and enable AMR, 2) add spectrum bands and small cells, 3) continue expanding small cells.
The document discusses signaling fundamentals in a base station subsystem (BSS). It describes the A, Abis, and Um interfaces between the BSS components. The A interface uses SS7 protocol layers including the physical layer, MTP, SCCP and BSSAP. The BSSAP layer supports BSSMAP messages for connectionless and connection-oriented signaling between the BSS and MSC.
S URVEY OF L TE D OWNLINK S CHEDULERS A LGORITHMS IN O PEN A CCESS S IM...ijwmn
he LTE/LTE-A has become a catchphrase for research
and lot of research are being conducted and
carried out in LTE in various issues by various peo
ple. New tools are developed and introduced in the
market to interpret the results of the new algorith
ms proposed by various people. Some tools are open
access which are free to use but some tools are pro
duced by the companies which are not open access. I
n
this paper some of the open access simulation tools
like LTE-Sim and NS-3 are analyzed and LTE downlin
k
scheduler algorithms are simulated using those tool
s. In LTE systems, the downlink scheduler is an
important component for radio resource management;
hence in the context of LTE simulation, a study
between the downlink scheduler models between the s
imulators are performed.
Mrs. Hoffmann's 7th grade English class will focus on journaling, spelling, writing essays in different styles, and writing skills. Students will need a 2" binder divided into 5 sections, a spiral notebook, composition book, flash drive, pens, pencils, and highlighters. Classroom expectations include being courteous, respecting others' property, bringing materials daily, being on time, and giving full effort. Tutorials are available on Tuesdays and students should have a positive attitude to have a great year.
The document describes a podcast that was recorded after a birthday party for the author's 86-year-old great grandmother, who feels 15 years old. Manuel was a guest on the podcast and helped record it. Petunia, the author's dog, thinks she is a person and slept through the recording until music was played.
This document provides information about the x grade classroom for the upcoming school year. It introduces the teacher, their background and goals. It outlines the core subjects that will be covered - reading, writing, math, science, social studies, music and art. It describes some of the classroom rules and policies around homework, tardiness and field trips. The teacher expresses their goal of providing academic and social skills while creating a supportive learning environment.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
This document provides instructions for using the ForeThought program to create and share lesson plans. It explains how to build a schedule by adding units, standards, and shared lessons. Teachers can explore different functions like adding learning standards and resources to lessons. The document also describes how to set up teams to share lesson plans, copy lessons from year to year, and save lessons as reusable activities tied to standards.
Ms. Pirtle outlines expectations and rules for her technology class, including bringing earbuds and flash drives, appropriate internet use, helping others, ergonomics, and consequences for following or breaking rules. Students will work to become good, great, and power users of computers and complete assignments posted online. Any work not finished in class must be done as homework.
O documento discute o mês de maio como o mês de Maria e das mães. Celebra as mães e sua importância nas famílias. Também enfatiza a devoção a Nossa Senhora no Brasil e convida os fiéis a participarem das celebrações marianas nesse mês para obter graças.
The YWCA Admin Essentials program is a 12-week training program that provides women with the skills, certifications, and work experience needed to secure employment in office administration positions. The program includes 3 weeks of in-class skills training, 2 weeks of Microsoft Office and administrative training, job search workshops, a 3-week work practicum, and 12 weeks of follow-up support. Participants receive certifications in computer skills, administrative skills, first aid, and customer service. The goal of the program is to help unemployed women in the Lower Mainland of British Columbia find meaningful and sustainable careers in office administration.
The blog is aimed at 7th grade students aged 12-14 from low socioeconomic backgrounds in Colombia. The students have a basic English level of A1 and will learn through engaging multimedia like videos, pictures and music. The blog aims to teach students to appreciate diversity in all forms through its content.
This document summarizes an HVAC energy efficiency solution called the Chiller Smart Management System (CSMS) that uses AI and algorithms to optimize chiller and boiler systems and save 20-35% on energy costs for various building types. CSMS monitors a building's thermodynamics and controls HVAC systems to save energy while maintaining temperature conditions. It analyzes factors like weather, pricing, and building conditions to dynamically set optimal temperature setpoints. CSMS has achieved annual savings of $23k for an office building, $26k for a hotel, and $36k for a hospital by controlling HVAC systems more efficiently than traditional thermostats.
Bélgica es un país de Europa occidental ubicado entre los Países Bajos, Alemania, Luxemburgo y Francia, con Bruselas como su capital. Tiene una población de 11.250.000 habitantes que hablan principalmente neerlandés, francés y alemán. Algunos de sus monumentos más famosos son el Atomium, el campanario de Brujas y el Monumento a la Infantería Belga frente al Palacio de Justicia de Bruselas.
This document summarizes a study that used building simulations to determine if two representative UK hotel types (an older converted building and a newer purpose-built building) could reduce their carbon dioxide emissions by 50% through various interventions expected to be available by 2030. The simulations found that it is technically feasible to reduce emissions by 50% without compromising guest comfort. The interventions considered included improvements to building fabric, HVAC systems, lighting, appliances, and renewable energy generation. While ranking the effectiveness of different interventions was difficult, the study demonstrates the potential for deep emissions reductions in the hotel sector.
Agenda of the regional conference organised by SIGMA on Public procurement review bodies, which took place in Ohrid, the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia on 9-10 June 2016.
AMCA International is a nonprofit association established in 1917 that sets standards for and tests air system components. It has over 360 member companies worldwide. AMCA tests products at its headquarters laboratory in Illinois and other accredited independent laboratories to certify their ratings under the AMCA Certified Ratings Program. AMCA works to advance the air systems industry through standards, advocacy, education and other resources.
El documento describe la historia del mercadeo en Internet desde 1450 hasta el presente. Comenzó con la imprenta en 1450 que permitió la publicidad impresa hasta 1900. Luego surgieron nuevos medios como la radio en 1920, la televisión en 1941 y el telemarketing en 1972. En 1973 surgió la era digital con la computadora personal de IBM en 1981. En 1995 comenzó la era de Internet con el surgimiento del SEO. Redes sociales como Facebook en 2004 y LinkedIn en 2003 permitieron a las empresas comunicarse directamente con los clientes.
The document discusses projects related to next generation content delivery networks (NG-CDNs) and network management systems (NMS). It provides details on an NG-CDN proof-of-concept implemented using Juniper Media Flow Controllers for content caching and OpenNMS for network monitoring and management. It also discusses using Drools for rules-based fault and performance management of the NG-CDN. Additionally, it summarizes an AT&T small cell project involving deployment of small cell routers and switches with an NMS cluster for management.
In this thesis work, firstly an attempt have been made to evaluate the performance of DSR and OLSR routing protocol in mobile and static environments using Random Waypoint model, and also investigate how well these selected protocols performs on WSNs. energy efficient routing in wireless sensor networks thesis
An ethernet based_approach_for_tm_data_analysis_v2Priyasloka Arya
Testing and performance evaluation of flight vehicles largely depends on the data gathered through telemetry. Tele-metered data describes the internal story of device under test. As the tele-metered data is transmitted to ground receiving stations through radio frequency and Inter Range Instrumentation Group (IRIG) standard data format are well known, anybody who is tuned to transmitted frequency, can receive data and minimal information about the format can reveal the total information of device under test. To deal with this situation, current trend is to encrypt the mission critical information on board before transmitting. In this paper, the authors have discussed the advantage of Local Area Network (LAN) based Telemetry base band system which provides scalability, modularity, and flexibility to the user for the analysis of encrypted data.
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This document contains definitions of common networking terms starting with letters A through D. Some of the key terms defined include: access method, acknowledgement, address resolution protocol (ARP), adjacency table, American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII), bandwidth, best-effort delivery, Bootstrap Protocol (BOOTP), Bring Your Own Device (BYOD), broadcast, burned-in-address (BIA), Carrier Sense Multiple Access (CSMA), channel, circuit switched, Cisco Express Forwarding (CEF), classful addressing, classless addressing, client, client-server, cloud computing, coaxial cable, collaboration, connectionless, connection-oriented, content addressable memory (CAM) table, converged network, crosst
This document provides definitions for many common networking terms. It includes definitions for networking concepts like access methods, addresses (MAC, IP, etc.), protocols (ARP, DHCP, DNS), network devices (routers, switches, firewalls), transmission media (coaxial cable, fiber), and more. The glossary provides concise explanations of important networking components and how they relate to each other at different layers of the OSI model.
The document proposes a vision of a future distributed artificial intelligence organized at the network level rather than through increasingly intelligent individual machines. It suggests machines will function as sensors transmitting local data wirelessly via 218-219 MHz spectrum to a network level intelligence which aggregates the information and directs responses. This would create a global intelligence composed of millions of connected devices communicating via common protocols and languages. The network would be useful for various applications and help address predicted bandwidth shortages.
Here are the key differences between interrupts and asynchronous communication:
Interrupts:
- Are event-driven signals triggered by internal or external events in the hardware/firmware.
- Cause the processor to pause its current task and handle the interrupt request before returning.
- Allow asynchronous prioritized responses to events outside of the main program flow.
Asynchronous communication:
- Refers to communication between software programs or components without strict synchronization.
- Uses message passing or queues to exchange data without blocking the sender or receiver.
- Allows independent and concurrent execution of communicating programs or threads.
The main benefits of interrupts are precise, prioritized responses to external hardware events. The benefits of asynchronous communication are concurrent execution
This document describes the design of an extensible telemetry and command architecture for small satellites. Key aspects include:
1) A centralized server stores telemetry data, software configurations, and acts as a backup. Distributed hardware gateways at each ground station receive data, convert beacons, and store all data on the centralized server.
2) Telemetry is parsed according to a master definition that allows new parameters to be added easily. Beacons and files are converted to engineering units and stored in a mySQL database for post-processing.
3) A file transfer protocol is used to exchange data and commands between the satellite and ground stations during short orbital passes, with an emphasis on reliability, efficiency, and security
Wireless multimedia sensor networks (WMSNs) allow for the collection of interactive media like video and audio streams from sensor devices. The paper surveys the state of the art in algorithms, protocols, and hardware for WMSNs. It discusses existing network models and open research issues at various layers of the communication protocol stack, as well as potential cross-layer optimizations. Time-hopping impulse radio ultra-wideband (TH-IR-UWB) is promising for the physical layer due to features like low power consumption and high data rates over short distances. The MAC layer must provide channel access and error control schemes to support different types of multimedia data streams in the network.
Sandeep KN is a senior software engineer with 8 years of experience specialized in IoT, machine to machine communication, and REST architectures. He has a bachelor's degree in electronics and communication and a master's degree in software systems. Some of his projects include developing an IoT platform involving features like resource discovery, scheduling, and notification. He also has experience developing an open message bus for cloud environments and a 3G femtocell gateway involving call handover functionality. His skills include C/C++ and experience coordinating across teams to design and implement technical solutions.
The document discusses an Arctic maritime domain awareness (MDA) decision support system that collects data from diverse sensor nodes, fuses and analyzes the data, and disseminates information and alerts. It describes the system's components including data collection, fusion, analysis, and dissemination. Key features are noted such as supporting incremental deployment, virtual access and control, and data sharing to complement multiple missions in the Arctic region.
A three-layer framework is proposed for mobile data collection in wireless sensor networks, which includes the sensor layer, cluster head layer, and mobile collector (called SenCar) layer. The framework employs distributed load balanced clustering and dual data uploading, which is referred to as LBC-MIMO. The objective is to achieve good scalability, long network lifetime and low data collection latency. At the sensor layer, a distributed load balanced clustering (LBC) algorithm is proposed for sensors to self-organize themselves into clusters. In contrast to existing clustering methods, our scheme generates multiple cluster heads in each cluster to balance the work load and facilitate dual data uploading. At the cluster head layer, the inter-cluster transmission range is carefully chosen to guarantee the connectivity among the clusters. Multiple cluster heads within a cluster cooperate with each other to perform energy-saving inter-cluster communications. Through inter-cluster transmissions, cluster head information is forwarded to SenCar for its moving trajectory planning. At the mobile collector layer, SenCar is equipped with two antennas, which enables two cluster heads to simultaneously upload data to SenCar in each time by utilizing multi-user multiple-input and multiple-output (MU-MIMO) technique. The trajectory planning for SenCar is optimized to fully utilize dual data uploading capability by properly selecting polling points in each cluster. By visiting each selected polling point, SenCar can efficiently gather data from cluster heads and transport the data to the static data sink. Extensive simulations are conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed LBC-MIMO scheme. The results show that when each cluster has at most two cluster heads, LBC-MIMO achieves over 50 percent energy saving per node and 60 percent energy saving on cluster heads comparing with data collection through multi-hop relay to the static data sink, and 20 percent shorter data collection time compared to traditional mobile data gathering.
The document discusses Phasor Data Concentrators (PDC) which are components of Wide Area Measurement Systems (WAMS) used to monitor power grids. It describes how PDCs receive synchronized phasor data from Phasor Measurement Units (PMU) via protocols like IEEE C37.118 and consolidate the data from multiple PMUs. The PDC performs functions like data sorting, archiving, and quality checks before transmitting data to applications for real-time monitoring and analysis of power grids.
SDN and NFV aim to make networks more flexible and simplify their management by separating the network control plane from the data plane and decoupling software functions from hardware. Key benefits include virtualization, orchestration, programmability, dynamic scaling, automation, visibility, performance optimization, multi-tenancy, service integration and openness. SDN controls the data plane through a centralized controller and interface, while NFV virtualizes network functions. Different SDN models take varying approaches to where the control plane resides and how the control and data planes communicate and are programmed.
This document discusses the challenges faced when using TCP in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). Some key challenges include: media access control issues like hidden terminals; power constraints of mobile nodes; frequent topology changes due to node mobility; multipath fading increasing the likelihood of path breaks; and misinterpreting packet losses as congestion rather than broken routes. TCP was designed for wired networks and assumes packet losses are always due to congestion, which does not hold in MANETs where losses can be from broken routes. Overall, TCP performs poorly in MANETs due to these challenges.
Sector is a distributed file system that stores files on local disks of nodes without splitting files. Sphere is a parallel data processing engine that processes data locally using user-defined functions like MapReduce. Sector/Sphere is open source, supports fault tolerance through replication, and provides security through user accounts and encryption. Performance tests show Sector/Sphere outperforms Hadoop for sorting and malware analysis benchmarks by processing data locally.
Sector is a distributed file system that stores files on local disks of nodes without splitting files. Sphere is a parallel data processing engine that processes data locally using user-defined functions like MapReduce. Sector/Sphere is open source, written in C++, and provides high performance distributed storage and processing for large datasets across wide areas using techniques like UDT for fast data transfer. Experimental results show it outperforms Hadoop for certain applications by exploiting data locality.
1. Homeland Heart_Beacon Interoperability, Synergy & Synchronicity View mnesterpics' map Taken near Dare, North Carolina (See more photos here ) 35°15' 10" N, 75°31' 28" W-75.524482 SOS NATIVE AMERICAN DISASTER NETWORK Consistent, Synchronous Time stamping of raw data 1 2 Unified Alert Scheme CAP XML Enable over N complex systems Y major contracts e.g., NETWORX & Z organizations Get from Send to Publish-Subscribe Subnet meta data Multicast radius Increase / decrease with alert condition 3 4 5 Sea Gull UC Berkeley Common Symbology - child schemas - data islands - data files INTERNATIONAL BEACON NETWORK SWAN Island RAINS 1 Unified Alert Scheme
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4. Beacon Transponder Tech ADS-B: Automatic Dependent Surveillance – Broadcast: ADS-B messages include fields for avionics self-reporting of the integrity of ADS-B position information & proximity alerts Boston University Project Beacon : A Network Diagnosis Toolkit used to actively monitor network conditions concurrently operated by a set of collaborating endpoints. Features radius of three areas / zones Cell Broadcast: one-to-many geographically focused messaging service contrasted with Short Message Service - Point to Point (SMS-PP) as a one-to-one and one-to-few service,. Cell Broadcast messaging is supported by UMTS defined by 3GPP. FLUX Beacon: A Forensic Time Machine for Wireless Networks: monitoring infrastructure for forensic data collection, storage and analysis. Records & retrieves traffic signatures and environmental observations as a source of network evidence. FusionNET: Unique Data Replication & Data Synchronization Technology to Support Military Operations in Extreme Networking Environments developed by and for the 18 th Airborne Corps that allows commanders to collect, access &disseminate mission-critical data to and from the field via PeerDirect data replication & synchronization solution by Progress Software Corporation MESA: “The FEDEX of military communications systems” relay and receives data under the DHS SAFECOM umbrella. Facilitates dependable, advanced, efficient, effective and inter-operable equipment, specifications and applications MxRRM Radio Resource Management in multi standard environments: Beacon on one system for all, assuming this one has nearly ubiquitous coverage like GSM. Using a priority scheme to define an order how to scan. If there is an incoming call for a user being reachable by more than one network, which one should be used and why? GM ONSTAR: Originally Project Beacon circa 1994. Telematics, emergency and first responder services for GM’s fleet RDS: Radio Data System: Displays PSN (Program Service Name) as warning/cost effective means of sending data to large areas SABRE: Situational Awareness Beacon Response: battle group situational awareness system for beacon-equipped platforms. SABER produces accurate position & platform ID. "intent to shoot" and "friendly ID" query and response mode data Sea Gull: Server Heartbeat strategy maintains routing & object state using < 1% minimal network resources. Server Heartbeat: “Keep-alive” beacon along each forward link. Increasing period (decreasing frequency) with routing level. Data-Driven Server Heartbeat's “Keep-alive” Multicast increasing / decreasing radius based on intensity, thresholds Sentinel Beacon System : Command Station & mesh network of rugged PCs processing beacon location / track information. A beacon out of range of the command station data is relay by other beacons. TXDP: Transducer Data Exchange Protocol: used during 2005 Superbowl by Michigan National Guard UMTS: Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (wireless broadband) heartbeat to track user’s activities e.g., NG NYC metro ZIGBEE / ZWAVE: Consortiums supporting heartbeat driven mesh network standards Harvard CODE BLUE Harvard Hour Glass
5. The continuous adaptation of capabilities relevant to security - in short transformation - in order to meet the security challenges of the information age is well under way regarding the demands of the military. Based on the support of highly developed information technology to speed up the processes of influencing an adversary, new concepts result in the adaptation of military doctrine, organization, training, material, infrastructure, interagency interaction, leadership, personnel and facilities. Efforts to achieve the adaptation are comprehensively described on numerous Internet websites such as those of the United States Joint Forces Command, the Allied Command Transformation and the German Bundeswehr. Core elements of the improvement of capabilities are the concepts of "Network Centric Warfare" in the United States of America, "Network Enabled Capabilities" in Great Britain or "Vernetzte Operationsführung" in Germany. The key determinants of these network-based concepts are information sharing and collaboration: "Information-sharing and collaboration enhance the quality of information and shared situational awareness. Shared situational awareness enables collaboration and self-synchronization, and enhances sustainability and speed of command." The widespread use of new Information Communication Technology is intended to enable better exploitation and faster dissemination of intelligence in support of military operations so that political and military decision-making is more authoritative and practical outcomes are more effective. The idea began moving forward from the experimental stage into practical application with "Operation Iraqi Freedom" led by the United States and the United Kingdom against the Saddam Hussein regime early in 2003 . http://www.hands-24.de/SeitenENG/thesenpapier.htm#HANDSThesenpapierIV NETWORK-ENABLED HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE AND DISASTER RELIEF MANAGEMENT IN THE INFORMATION AGE Vernetzte Operationsführung CWID JBFSA
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7. Workflow Logic Unicast / Multicast Subscription Data Profiles, Processes XML Libraries / Directory Services: Heartbeat XML Child Schemas/Data Islands , LDAP/OpenDAP/AD Tool Tool Tool Systems, Process, Network Management & AI XML Object Store XML Object Relay State Management Engine USMTF MIL STD 6040/ ADatP-3 / STANAG 5500 OTH-T GOLD / OS-OTG VMF / TADIL A, B, J, K ADFORMS, XML-MTF, NATO ACP123/STANAG JANAP128 , NICS-TARE Structured Military Message Formats: Viewers / Applications /Browsers Schema Tools: Common Alert Protocol (CAP) Import XML Tags DDMS & EDXL-DE Message Set Data Autopost/Auto fill To equivalent.com, .gov, org, edu Communities of Interest // Primary Injection Point PIP profiles, subscriptions using product / system neutral methods / procedures Transponder Beacons / Sensor nets Convert to XML Schemas 1 st application claim area 3rd claim area 10/709358 Apply TCP/IP’s universal “heartbeat” mechanism to time the data exchanges from/to platforms of interest by way of IP multicast groups - routers. Configure multi-cast groups / MIBS via commercial vice military tools in commercial development / integration frameworks. Use intrinsic TCP/IP heartbeat beacon frames send to / gather from functions to place harvested data into queue/object store for processing & onward distribution via intelligent agents, bots, protocols i.e., SSTP, mesh network, ZigBee, Zwave, TDXP, Telematics, OnStar OpenDAP, Sea Gull data & nav casting.. 2nd application claim area 10/708000 Wizards & UTO Tool MCG Config NCharT JACAE Service Oriented Architecture SOA Datacasting GPS Navcasting Geo Fencing UMTS / Mesh / Sensor/Cell Broadcast/ RDBS 802.11s, ZigBee 802.15.4 ZWave, RTP TXDP TCP/IP Heartbeat Protocol/Beacon frames Method to commercialize structured military messaging 10/605144 Method to enable a Homeland Security Heartbeat FLUX Beacon Scripts, Motes Bots, Agents , 0 1 2 3 4 7 5 6 8 9 DIRS NIMS ICS IPAWS DMS-SIG OPEN HD Radio FM Multicasting XM / Sirius SATCOM Global SA Services FusionX SAN SAN SAN JXTA OPenDAP XML Tags Schema Repositories Process Management IETF 1451 NEMESIS FusionNET SSTP TAGS Microsoft’s Groove Framework LANA DARPA ICEWS PANDA Rules Engine SUN Single Citizen View SOA Systems, Processes QUALCOMM BREW Sea Gull Six Sigma Forms Engine
9. JACAE NCharT TABLE !: .mil to .com conversion Military, Homeland Defense .mil Homeland Security, .com .org .gov O: Using map sheets and network (re) configuration state meta data stored on the Mission Data Loader (MDL) harvested by the heartbeat sub network protocol subsequently couriered or sent to and aggregated by the S-6, the Maneuver Control Systems (S3 Operations Officer) generates & transmits consolidated Unit Task Order (UTO) to TIMS / FBCB2 operator (S6) for network broadcast. Note: this process is iterative based on completion of one mission and start of the next. 0: Laptop / handheld with network initialization data processes (e.g., Juniper CESAC) geospatial, scenario viewers / applications / browsers Schema Tools to edit Common Alert Protocol (CAP). Transmit CAP Unit Task Order (organizational structure) via SMS, bots, JXTA motes, agents, email, Groove Simple Symmetric Transport Protocol SSTP, any commercial data distribution, file distribution product, system, component / commercial equivalent of the Mission Data Loader 1: TIMS – Tactical Internet Management System operator / Network Characterization Tool NCharT) populates “ Hasty ” Reorganization Tool ” from heartbeat mechanism state meta data gathered from devices / platforms to generate a new Unit Task Order UTO with next UTO version number, effective Date Time Group DTG synchronization Time (K00.99 heartbeat message option UTO notification) 1: Wizards & UTO Tool commercial equivalent e.g., CISCO IPCS, Juniper CESAC used to (re) configure network management parameters using state meta data harvested by heartbeat beacon mechanism that is Telco PSAP standard from computer devices on TCP/IP networks described by heartbeat message counterpart to K00.99 heartbeat message 2: S6 Sends out initial UTO message. FBCB2 processes UTO notification & sets timer to execute change at effective time 2: System administrator / network monitoring software enabled with wizards, intelligent software agents sends out unit / entity / organization task organization message and sets time for effective time (when order will be executed) distribution via workflow tool over Unicast / Multicast groups by subscription filtered by user permissions / need to know / security classification settings 3: Heartbeat Process: (TIMS/FBCB2 engine) generates “ Heartbeat ” message every 15 minutes with UTO version. 3: Wizards & UTO Tool commercial equivalent e.g., CISCO IPCS, Juniper CESAC used to (re) configure network management parameters using state meta data harvested by heartbeat beacon mechanism from computer devices on TCP/IP networks described by heartbeat XML message 4A: GTCS – Ground Tactical Communications Server passes heartbeat to state manager (Variable Message Format VMF) 4a:, Short Message Service SMS “ texting ” , Bots, JXTA motes, agents, email, Groove Simple Symmetric Transport Protocol SSTP, any data distribution, file distribution product, system, component e.g., Mission Data Loader to distribute (binary) XML schema Common Alert Protocol schema, child schemas, efficient XML, Binary Runtime Environment BREW type structures 4/5: At effective date/time, All FBCB2 ’ s in multicast group reconfigure database to ensure proper Situational Awareness SA Calculation, new INC Operator is prompted to reconfigure or delay 10 minutes (w/option to change at anytime). When operator OKs, database is rebuilt & network reconfigures 4/5: At pre coordinated data and time, devices in multicast groups reconfigure router Management Information Base MIB Configuration descriptions MIBS (common to all routers – military & commercial) & distribution lists / subscription lists in commercial parlance. (INC: Internet Controller – a router adapted for combat radio interface ) 6: TIMS makes new Multicast Group (MCG) file, and if required, TOC INC MIBs & TOC auto router configs @ Effective time. TIMS calls the ModifyMCGInfo API (Subnet filename, MCG filename, UNIT URN, UTO version, Local IP Address LDAP Command and Control Registry C2R Server update tool executed as multicast group file, UTO version number & the AIS – Army Information Server e.g., Server running n supporting processes/apps to connect (will ignore if it already has one set) 6: CISCO IPICS, Juniper CESAC.. makes new multicast group file used to update router MIBs automatically at agreed on time. Agent, scripts, product / system Application Program Interface API. Lightweight Directory Access Protocol LDAP server (e.g., Netscape LDAP software). AIS = application server. XML Libraries / Directory Services: Heartbeat XML Child Schemas/Data Islands, 7. Command and Control Registry C2R – Lightweight Directory Access Protocol LDAP Server multicast MCG update tool updates multicast group data on AIS 7: Command and Control Registry C2R = Lightweight Directory Access Protocol LDAP Server multicast MCG update tool updates multicast group data on the AIS (application server) 8. C2R Server recognizes that a UTO has occurred & notifies state manager (SM) if it is there else it sends out the SM alert that the State Manager would have sent. C2R server replicates multicast group data to all configured UTO replication destinations. 8: State Management process on AIS / LDAP server recognizes change has occurred (intrinsic to Groove Networks Groove product) and sends out change alert (binary differential in Groove ’ s example). Simple Symmetric Transport Protocol vice multicast protocol in Groove ’ s case 9. Ground Tactical Communications Server GTCS gets SM or C2R server alert, reads updated MCG from C2R then updates internal configuration file & LAN card if platform is affected 9: XML SOAP relay intrinsic to Groove product receives state change via its intrinsic state manager & replicates updated multicast group from LDAP software on server & updates Network Interface Card NIC configuration
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11. 1 1 3 4 1 correlated event E9-1-1 PSAPs NORAD TRACK DATA GIG Efficient XML QUALCOMM BREW… - child schemas for COIs, profiles specific area encodings, inject points - data islands for special needs - data files for fast movers Apply broadcast beacon technology to enable millisecond data exchanges vice 30 second screen scrapes while increasing / decreasing radius of disaster / event / alert radius represented by multicast zones corresponding to US / UK... five level advisory systems Use the heartbeat / beacon function (send to / get from devices, platforms...) as a subnet publish-subscribe e.g., OSD Horizonal Fusion. Use the intrinsic millisecond - 99 minute timing function of the heartbeat to enable consistent, synchronized collection of raw state meta data (geo location, moving, halt, IP address, unit / organization ID) BEFORE transfer to queues, SANS, dbase... prior to data fusion improving filtering / data intel fusion Instantiate National Command Authority NCA chopchain - workflows over multicast / anycast IP using “true cots” tools in use e.g., Towersoft w/AgileDelta Efficient XML module embedded synchronized across N complex systems achieving synchronized, interoperable collaboration based on synchronized event timing and common symbols via the Common Alert Protocol as a universal event / alert trigger 5 Use state meta data collected during step 1 to enable systems & network management of router Management Information Bases MIBs supporting Router/switch MIB dbase files for spontaneous (re) organization split, join, adds via broadcasts, P2P, multicast… of heartbeat harvested state meta data i.e., location, status: moving, halt…) 2 Enable across N complex systems, Y networks ("network of networks") & Z systems ("system of systems") IPICS .mil Range Extension TDN/CONDOR Gateway Split / Joins SoS Heartbeat Messages XML Repositories NIEM GJXDM FXR SoR C2IEDM “ Maneuver the network” “ Spontaneous Organization” Common Symbology Unified Alerts / Event Trigger Consistent, Synchronous Timing of State Meta Data Collection The Heartbeat / Beacon as subnet publish subscribe mechanism Millisecond Transactions via Beacon Tech SABRE Weapons Free Track Received MIBs Heartbeat Message Heartbeat Message State Meta Data Increase Multicast Zone Joint Mission Data Loader JACAE COASTS: Coalition Operating Area Surveillance Targeting System CONDOR OPEN Systems & Network Management MIB Tool Router Config State meta data for Network reconfiguration Split, joins, adds Heartbeat Messages Boston U Project Beacon UICDS Heartbeat Protocol low level state meta data harvester Use to conserve bandwidth before handoff to more sophisticated protocols / mechanisms that often use the heartbeat mechanism FAST C2AP UC BERKELEY SEA GULL Files, queues, folders, SANS, dbase, caches, flat files… Convert to XML tags Efficient XML Qualcomm BREW SoS Track Received NET FORENSICS CESAC UICDS NOC-V NCharT SPRUCE FIOP/ SIOP/ UDOP DIRS DHS TRIPWIRE Learning Systems AI N Systems /Networks AI Learning Systems Stored Process & Procedures Lean Six SIGMA Integrated Crisis Early Warning System ICEWS NEMESIS NIMS WITS FusionNET ICEWS Multi-Modal Layered Analysis of Network Architectures for Threat Detection & Prediction (LANA) DARPA LANA FLUX UCORE 2.0 Rules Engine Workflow Qualcomm BREW COMMON SYMBOLS III Millisecond Exchanges II Synchronized Event / Alerts I .0001 05 1 3 5 10 30 CAP XML Authorized Efficient XML Qualcomm BREW EOC Alert Level Increase … NTCDESC JBMC2 BoD NC FCB JVMF, USMTF, TADILs, OTH-Gold, Adat-P3, FIRNS, FUDNs "DFI, DUI's… FIRST RESPONDERS .com, .org, .edu IPAWS HIMSS
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14. COMMON SYMBOLS III Millisecond Exchanges II Synchronized Event / Alerts I I II III 3 Building Blocks 4 Focus Areas Consistent, Synchronous Time stamping of raw data 1 2 3 4 Maneuver the Network Spontaneous Organization Heartbeat Messages Router MIBs Files, queues, folders, SANS, dbase, caches, flat files… Unified Activation Authorized Workflow / Mission Threads Chop-chain / Business Logic Spontaneous integration of X“Family Of Interoperable Systems - FIOP” to “maneuver” the network” by distributing Y disparate organization’s workflow logic / filters via N “ network of networks" creating a Single Integrated Operational Picture SIOP a.k.a “The Grail” Multicast / Cell broadcast Radius / Zone > / < thresholds & intensity Increase Multicast Zone SoS Homeland Heart_Beacon: Systems, Process & Network Management “NETOPS” NET FORENSICS NCharT - Child schemas for COIs, profiles, - data islands for special needs i.e; specific area encodings, inject points option fields, PIPS Vs PSAPs.. - data files for fast movers unique requirements & event code signaling Tripwire AI 6 Sigma Special Needs ACE WITS FusionNET Urgency Algorithm UCORE 2.0 docBlock NCTC Share Point Every day tools Single Citizen View SOA ITACG NAO IBIP HIST TIPS In common language: provide situational awareness of events / alerts as n 1- 1 Public Services Qualcomm BREW JPL Beacon Monitor THE NAVTEQ “ Heartbeat In the car” Silicon Valley Region Data Interop Project BMOX NATIVE AMERICAN DISASTER NETWORK SoS Tribalization of Business Eritac SFC Maplab.org Super Cuper JTF CapMed 7 XOM BML NHIN Deloitte IPAN Split / Joins, Adds CAP XML NOC Alert Level Increase … .0001 .05 .01 1 5 15 30 1 correlated event NetSA