This document provides an overview of the history of deforestation under colonial rule in India and Indonesia. It discusses how the British and Dutch directly encouraged deforestation to produce commercial crops and meet demand for timber. This led to the systematic clearing of natural forests and displacement of local communities. It also describes the development of scientific forestry and protests by communities affected by new forest laws and restrictions on access.
Forests And Wildlife Resources - Class 10 (Geography)VJLEARNING
This chapter explains the second chapter of Geography (Class 10).
This will also help teachers to teach their students in their online classes.
hope you like it.
This PPT will take you into the forest and tell you about the variety of ways the forests were used by communities living within them. It will show how in the nineteenth century the growth of Industries and urban centers created a new demand on the forests for timber and other forest products. New demands led to new rules of forests use, new ways of organizing the forests. All these developments affected the lives of those local communities who used forest resources. They were forced t operate within new systems and reorganise their lives. But they also rebelled against the rules and persuaded the state to change its policies. Will give you and idea of the history of such developments in India and Indonesia.
Forests And Wildlife Resources - Class 10 (Geography)VJLEARNING
This chapter explains the second chapter of Geography (Class 10).
This will also help teachers to teach their students in their online classes.
hope you like it.
This PPT will take you into the forest and tell you about the variety of ways the forests were used by communities living within them. It will show how in the nineteenth century the growth of Industries and urban centers created a new demand on the forests for timber and other forest products. New demands led to new rules of forests use, new ways of organizing the forests. All these developments affected the lives of those local communities who used forest resources. They were forced t operate within new systems and reorganise their lives. But they also rebelled against the rules and persuaded the state to change its policies. Will give you and idea of the history of such developments in India and Indonesia.
Agriculture | Ls - 4 | Class - 8 | Geography | Social Science - PPTSugeethJayarajSA
This is a presentation for the Lesson Agriculture from Class - 8 Geography. This will help you to understand the lesson easily. This presentation also has extra info! Please use this as a tool to improve your tutoring!
Chapter - 4, Forest Society and Colonialism, History, Social Science, Class 9 Shivam Parmar
I have expertise in making educational and other PPTs. Email me for more PPTs at a very reasonable price that perfectly fits in your budget.
Email: parmarshivam105@gmail.com
Chapter - 4, Forest Society and Colonialism, History, Social Science, Class 9
INTRODUCTION
FOREST SOCIETY AND COLONIALISM
THE RISE OF COMMERCIAL FORESTRY
THE PEOPLE OF BASTAR
THE FEARS OF THE PEOPLE
THE WOODCUTTERS OF JAVA
DUTCH SCIENTIFIC FORESTRY
SAMIN’S CHALLENGE
WAR AND DEFORESTATION
NEW DEVELOPMENTS IN FORESTRY
Every topic of this chapter is well written concisely and visuals will help you in understanding and imagining the practicality of all the topics.
By Shivam Parmar (PPT Designer)
8th std Social Science History Chapter 3- Ruling the CountrysideNavya Rai
8th std Social Science History Chapter 3- Ruling the Countryside
The East India Company became the Diwan of Bengal, on 12 August 1765.
As Diwan, the Company became the chief financial administrator of the territory under its control.
The Company needed to administer the land and organise its revenue resources. It needed to be done in a way that could yield enough revenue to meet the growing expenses of the company.
Chapter - 5, Working of Institutions, Democratic Politics/Civics, Social Scie...Shivam Parmar
I have expertise in making educational and other PPTs. Email me for more PPTs at a very reasonable price that perfectly fits in your budget.
Email: parmarshivam105@gmail.com
Chapter - 5, Working of Institutions, Democratic Politics, Social Science, Class 9
INTRODUCTION
PARLIAMENT
TWO HOUSES OF PARLIAMENT
POLITICAL EXECUTIVE
PRIME MINISTER AND COUNCIL OF MINISTERS
THE PRESIDENT
THE JUDICIARY
Every topic of this chapter is well written concisely and visuals will help you in understanding and imagining the practicality of all the topics.
By Shivam Parmar (PPT Designer)
8th std Social Science Chapter- 3. Mineral and power resourcesNavya Rai
8th std Social Science Chapter- 3. Mineral and power resources
Minerals are naturally occurring substances that have a definite chemical composition.
Minerals are formed in different types of geological environments, under varying conditions.
Minerals can be identified on the basis of their physical properties such as colour, density, hardness and chemical property such as solubility.
Minerals are distributed in rocks and sea bed also.
Tropical regions are very rich in terms of mineral resources.
This a PPT on the topic Tribals and dikus which is about the way how tribals and dikus lived in India during British period and what happened to them and how were the treated
Agriculture | Ls - 4 | Class - 8 | Geography | Social Science - PPTSugeethJayarajSA
This is a presentation for the Lesson Agriculture from Class - 8 Geography. This will help you to understand the lesson easily. This presentation also has extra info! Please use this as a tool to improve your tutoring!
Chapter - 4, Forest Society and Colonialism, History, Social Science, Class 9 Shivam Parmar
I have expertise in making educational and other PPTs. Email me for more PPTs at a very reasonable price that perfectly fits in your budget.
Email: parmarshivam105@gmail.com
Chapter - 4, Forest Society and Colonialism, History, Social Science, Class 9
INTRODUCTION
FOREST SOCIETY AND COLONIALISM
THE RISE OF COMMERCIAL FORESTRY
THE PEOPLE OF BASTAR
THE FEARS OF THE PEOPLE
THE WOODCUTTERS OF JAVA
DUTCH SCIENTIFIC FORESTRY
SAMIN’S CHALLENGE
WAR AND DEFORESTATION
NEW DEVELOPMENTS IN FORESTRY
Every topic of this chapter is well written concisely and visuals will help you in understanding and imagining the practicality of all the topics.
By Shivam Parmar (PPT Designer)
8th std Social Science History Chapter 3- Ruling the CountrysideNavya Rai
8th std Social Science History Chapter 3- Ruling the Countryside
The East India Company became the Diwan of Bengal, on 12 August 1765.
As Diwan, the Company became the chief financial administrator of the territory under its control.
The Company needed to administer the land and organise its revenue resources. It needed to be done in a way that could yield enough revenue to meet the growing expenses of the company.
Chapter - 5, Working of Institutions, Democratic Politics/Civics, Social Scie...Shivam Parmar
I have expertise in making educational and other PPTs. Email me for more PPTs at a very reasonable price that perfectly fits in your budget.
Email: parmarshivam105@gmail.com
Chapter - 5, Working of Institutions, Democratic Politics, Social Science, Class 9
INTRODUCTION
PARLIAMENT
TWO HOUSES OF PARLIAMENT
POLITICAL EXECUTIVE
PRIME MINISTER AND COUNCIL OF MINISTERS
THE PRESIDENT
THE JUDICIARY
Every topic of this chapter is well written concisely and visuals will help you in understanding and imagining the practicality of all the topics.
By Shivam Parmar (PPT Designer)
8th std Social Science Chapter- 3. Mineral and power resourcesNavya Rai
8th std Social Science Chapter- 3. Mineral and power resources
Minerals are naturally occurring substances that have a definite chemical composition.
Minerals are formed in different types of geological environments, under varying conditions.
Minerals can be identified on the basis of their physical properties such as colour, density, hardness and chemical property such as solubility.
Minerals are distributed in rocks and sea bed also.
Tropical regions are very rich in terms of mineral resources.
This a PPT on the topic Tribals and dikus which is about the way how tribals and dikus lived in India during British period and what happened to them and how were the treated
it`s easy to get full marks in exam by completing question of this question bank!!try it get a full scope to be the topper of the class!!@@ if u like it very much then u can share it ! to any body else who need helps in this subject:: THNX FOR SEEING MY PROJECT!(my email::ansumanpanigrahi321@gmail.com) mail me if u want further more chapter for help~!! with images and lot`s of animation
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
2. WHAT WILL WE LEARN ?
1. Why Deforestation?
2. The Rise of Commercial Forestry .
3. How were the Lives of People Affected?
4. The Forest Act meant severe hardship for villagers across the
country.
5. Who could Hunt?
6.New Trades, New Employments and New Services.
7. Rebellion in the Forest
8. BASTAR AND JAVA( INDONESIA)
9. War and Deforestation.
10. New Developments in Forestry.
3. • DEFORESTATION: Deforestation is cutting down of trees
indiscriminately in a forest area. Under the colonial rule it became
very systematic and extensive.
Why Deforestation?
• The disappearance of forests is referred to as deforestation.
• Deforestation is not a recent problem. The process began many
• centuries ago; but under colonial rule it became more systematic
and
4. • 1.the British directly
encouraged the production
of commercial crops like
jute, sugar, wheat and
cotton.
• 2.foodgrains were needed
to feed the growing
POPULATION
5. • 1.Sleepers – Wooden planks laid
across railway
• tracks; they hold the tracks in
position
• 2.The spread of railways from the
1850s created a new demand.
• 3. By the early nineteenth
century, oak forests in England
were
• disappearing. This created a
problem of timber supply for the
Royal
• Navy
6. • Large areas of natural
forests were also cleared
to make way for
• tea, coffee and rubber
plantations to meet
Europe’s growing need
• for these commodities.
7. • Brandis set up the Indian
Forest Service in 1864
and helped formulate the
Indian Forest Act of
1865. The Imperial
Forest Research
Institute was set up at
Dehradun in 1906. The
system they taught here
was called ‘scientific
forestry’.
8. • Many people now, including
ecologists, feel that this
system is not scientific at all.
In scientific forestry, natural
forests which had lots of
different types of trees were
cut down. Intheir place, one
type of tree was planted in
straight rows. This is called a
plantation.
9. FOREST SURVEY
• Forest officials surveyed the
forests, estimated the area
under different types of trees,
and made working plans for
forest management. They
planned how much of the
plantation area to cut every
year. The area cut was then to
be replanted so that it was
ready to be cut again in some
years
10.
11. A
• 1.Villagers wanted forests with a mixture of
species
• to satisfy different needs – fuel, fodder,
leaves.
• 2.The forest department on the other hand
wanted trees which were suitable for
building ships or railways.
B.
In forest areas, people use forest products
• 1.Roots, leaves, fruits, and tubers.
• 2.Fruits and tubers are nutritious to eat.
• 3.Herbs are used for medicine
12. B.
In forest areas, people use forest products
• 4.wood for agricultural
implements like yokes
and ploughs, bamboo
makes excellent fences
and is also used to make
• baskets and umbrellas.
• 5 .A dried scooped-out
gourd-used as a portable
water bottle.
13. B.
In forest areas, people use forest products
• 6.The forest – leaves :
disposable plates and cups,
• 7.The siadi (Bauhinia vahlii)
creeper :ropes, and the
• thorny bark of the semur
(silk-cotton) tree is used to
grate vegetables
• 8.Oil for cooking and to light
lamps can be pressed from
the fruit of
• the mahua tree.
14. • Many communities left their traditional
occupations and started trading in forest
products.
• many pastoralist and nomadic
communities like the Korava, Karacha and
Yerukula of the Madras Presidency lost their
livelihoods.
• They were forced to work instead in
factories, mines and plantations, under
government supervision.
• In Assam, both men and women from
forest communities like Santhals and
Oraons from Jharkhand, and Gonds from
Chhattisgarh were recruited to work on tea
plantations.
15. Siddhu and Kanu in the
Santhal Parganas,
Birsa Munda of
Chhotanagpur
Alluri Sitarama Raju of
Andhra Pradesh
Rebellion which took
place in the kingdom of
Bastar in 1910.
16. • GEOGRAPHY LOCATION OF
BASTAR
• Located in the southernmost part
of Chhattisgarh and borders Andhra
Pradesh, Orissa and Maharashtra.
• Central part of Bastar is on a
plateau.
• The north of this plateau is the
Chhattisgarh plain and to its south
is the Godavari plain.
• The river Indrawati winds across
Bastar east to west.
17. • Communities live in Bastar such as
Maria and Muria Gonds, Dhurwas,
Bhatras and Halbas.
• They speak different languages but
share common customs and beliefs.
• The people of Bastar believe that each
village was given its land by the Earth.
• They show respect to the spirits of the
river, the forest and the mountain.
• Every year there is one big hunt
where the headmen of villages in a
pargana (cluster of villages) meet and
discuss issues of concern, including
forests.
18. • village knows where its boundaries
lie, the local people look after all the
natural resources within that boundary.(
they pay a small fee called devsari,
dand or man in exchange)
• The people of Bastar were very
worried, allowed to stay on in the
reserved forests on the condition
• They worked free for the forest
department .
• Displaced without any notice.
• The terrible famines, in 1899-1900 and
again in 1907-1908. Reservations
proved to be the last straw.
19. • The initiative was taken by the
Dhurwas of the Kanger forest
• There was no single leader,
many people speak of Gunda
Dhur, from village Nethanar, as
an important figure in the
movement. In 1910,
• Rebel against the British, Most
villages were deserted as people
fled into the jungles.
20. • The colonial power in Indonesia were the
Dutch.
• In 1600, the population of Java was an
estimated 3.4 million.
• The Kalangs of Java were a community of
skilled forest cutters and shifting cultivators
• In 1755 when the Mataram kingdom of Java
split, the 6,000 Kalang families were equally
divided between the two kingdoms.
• Dutch tried to make the Kalangs work under
them. In 1770, the Kalangs resisted by
attacking a Dutch fort at Joana(
Supperessed)
• The Dutch enacted forest laws in Java,
restricting villagers’ access to forests.
21. • In 1882, 280,000 sleepers were exported
from Java alone
• The Dutch first imposed rents on land
being cultivated in the forest and then
exempted some villages from these rents if
they worked collectively to provide free
labour and buffaloes for cutting and
transporting timber. This was known as the
Blandongdiensten system.
• Around 1890, Surontiko Samin of
Randublatung village, a teak forest
• village, began questioning state
ownership of the fores(the wind, water,
earth and wood, so it could not own)
• Soon a widespread movement developed.
22. • In India, working plans were
abandoned at this time, and the
forest department cut trees freely
to meet British
• In Java, just before the
(Japanese occupied) the Dutch
followed ‘a scorched earth’
policy, destroying sawmills, and
burning huge piles of giant teak
logs
• The Japanese then exploited
the forests recklessly .
23. • Since the 1980s,
governments across Asia
and Africa have begun to
see that scientific forestry
• Across India, from
Mizoram to Kerala, dense
forests have survived only
because villages protected
them in sacred groves
known as sarnas,
devarakudu, kan, ra.