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9. Private solutions to correct for externalities Consider the following scenario: Suppose that a chicken farm uses a nearby stream to dispose of the wastes released by its chickens. These wastes flow downstream into a lake that has become thick with algae and polluted by the minerals in the waste matter. The local office of a nonprofit environmental organization collects enough donations to fund a campaign to stop the farm's poilution. Which of the following private solutions resolving the externality of pollution took place in this scenario? Integration of different types of businesses through merger or acquisition Charities Contracts Moral codes and social sanctions Keep in mind that sometimes private solutions to extemalities are not achieved. For instance. this could occur when the number of parties involved is so large that it makes to a lake that has become thick with algae and polluted by the minerals in the waste matter. The loc ivironmental organization collects enough donations to fund a campaign to stop the farm's pollution. th of the following private solutions resolving the externality of pollution took place in this scenario? Integration of different types of businesses through merger or acquisition Charities Contracts the market failure from the externality unimportant Moral codes coordinating negotiations among all of the parties too costly eep in mind that som stance, this could occur.
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9. Private solutions to correct for externalities Consider the follow.pdf
9. Private solutions to correct for externalities Consider the following scenario: Suppose that a
chicken farm uses a nearby stream to dispose of the wastes released by its chickens. These
wastes flow downstream into a lake that has become thick with algae and polluted by the
minerals in the waste matter. The local office of a nonprofit environmental organization collects
enough donations to fund a campaign to stop the farm's pollution. Which of the following private
solutions resolving the externality of pollution took place in this scenario? Contracts Charities
Moral codes and social sanctions Integration of different types of businesses through merger or
acquisition Keep in mind that sometimes private solutions to externalities are not achieved. For
instance, this could occur when communications barriers or social customs are important enough
relative to the potential gains involved that
9. Private solutions to correct for externalities Consider the following scenario: Suppose that a
chicken farm uses a nearby stream to dispose of the wastes released by its chickens. These
wastes flow downstream into a lake that has become thick with algae and polluted by the
minerals in the waste matter. The local office of a nonprofit environmental organization collects
enough donations to fund a campaign to stop the farm's pollution. Which of the following private
solutions resolving the externality of pollution took place in this scenario? Contracts Charities
Moral codes and social sanctions.
Consider the following scenarioSuppose that a chicken farm uses.pdf
Consider the following scenario:
Suppose that a chicken farm uses a nearby stream to dispose of the wastes released by its
chickens. These wastes flow downstream into a lake that has become thick with algae and
polluted by the minerals in the waste matter. The local office of a nonprofit environmental
organization collects enough donations to fund a campaign to stop the farm's pollution.
Which of the following private solutions resolving the externality of pollution took place in this
scenario?
Moral codes and social sanctions
Charities
Contracts
Integration of different types of businesses through merger or acquisition
Keep in mind that sometimes private solutions to externalities are not achieved. For instance, this
could occur when communications barriers or social customs are important enough relative to
the potential gains involved that
- the market system has a crisis
- the government should never step in
- a private solution is not feasable.
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The document proposes a project to establish a mechanized compost harvesting operation from dumpsites and landfills to provide livelihood opportunities for scavenger communities. It involves purchasing land currently used as a dumpsite to set up compost sifting equipment and produce compost for seedling production. This would help meet the large target of 3 million seedlings for reforestation programs while creating jobs and income streams from compost sales. However, the main challenge is acquiring the land, as local funding agencies cannot support land purchases. Outside funding is needed to purchase the property.
Economic Issues 6 ChapterEconomic Issues
Economic Issues
6
Chapter
Economic Issues
Issues Corruption Ethical Consumption Ethical Sourcing Microfinance Profit Supply Chain
*
*
1. Corruption
Corruption is a fact of life, it includes dishonesty, exploitation, bribery, fraud etc.
*
Costs associate with corruption:Operational costs: Corruption adds additional expense throughout the corporate value chain and can lead to costly operational disruptions.Legal risks: Corporations face substantial consequences if they engage in corrupt business conduct, including large fines and disqualification from future government procurement. For instance, the German engineering conglomerate Siemens recently agreed to pay a record amount in fines to settle bribery cases against the companyCompetitive risks: Companies can also be at a competitive disadvantage if they refuse to pay bribes. Companies that adhere to strict principles against corruption can find themselves losing business to less ethical competitors who are willing to pay to influence the procurement process.
*
Corruption also exerts significant costs on:
society (including reduced government services for the disadvantaged,
constraints on foreign direct investment in high-corruption countries, and
crime and instability resulting from decreased trust in government).
Corporations can play a greater leadership role and improve results in the broader anti-corruption effort by treating corruption as a strategic CSR issue and seeking proactive solutions to social problems critical to the business.
*
1. Corruption
Companies can perform specific actions against corruption like:
i. influencing legislation: Companies can force the government to introduce new anticorruption laws.
ii. Organizing workshops: that include government, private sector, and civil society in an open discussion of anti-corruption reform. •
iii. Building capacity. Companies can lend expertise and help build skills in financial management, technology, or ethics (e.g., transparent procurement practices) to public agencies, or NGOs supporting public agencies.
*
1. Corruption
1. CorruptionHow legitimate is it for companies to operate with different standards in different countries and cultures?
Corruption means different things to different people. Some people argue that political campaign contributions are just another form of corruption. What is your reaction to this statement?
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*
*
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9. Private solutions to correct for externalities Consider the follow.pdf
9. Private solutions to correct for externalities Consider the following scenario: Suppose that a
chicken farm uses a nearby stream to dispose of the wastes released by its chickens. These
wastes flow downstream into a lake that has become thick with algae and polluted by the
minerals in the waste matter. The local office of a nonprofit environmental organization collects
enough donations to fund a campaign to stop the farm's pollution. Which of the following private
solutions resolving the externality of pollution took place in this scenario? Contracts Charities
Moral codes and social sanctions Integration of different types of businesses through merger or
acquisition Keep in mind that sometimes private solutions to externalities are not achieved. For
instance, this could occur when communications barriers or social customs are important enough
relative to the potential gains involved that
9. Private solutions to correct for externalities Consider the following scenario: Suppose that a
chicken farm uses a nearby stream to dispose of the wastes released by its chickens. These
wastes flow downstream into a lake that has become thick with algae and polluted by the
minerals in the waste matter. The local office of a nonprofit environmental organization collects
enough donations to fund a campaign to stop the farm's pollution. Which of the following private
solutions resolving the externality of pollution took place in this scenario? Contracts Charities
Moral codes and social sanctions.
Consider the following scenarioSuppose that a chicken farm uses.pdf
Consider the following scenario:
Suppose that a chicken farm uses a nearby stream to dispose of the wastes released by its
chickens. These wastes flow downstream into a lake that has become thick with algae and
polluted by the minerals in the waste matter. The local office of a nonprofit environmental
organization collects enough donations to fund a campaign to stop the farm's pollution.
Which of the following private solutions resolving the externality of pollution took place in this
scenario?
Moral codes and social sanctions
Charities
Contracts
Integration of different types of businesses through merger or acquisition
Keep in mind that sometimes private solutions to externalities are not achieved. For instance, this
could occur when communications barriers or social customs are important enough relative to
the potential gains involved that
- the market system has a crisis
- the government should never step in
- a private solution is not feasable.
Industrial waste disposal management by Green Yatra
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It affects our ability to live on Earth It affects our health, our economy, our existence.
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The document proposes a project to establish a mechanized compost harvesting operation from dumpsites and landfills to provide livelihood opportunities for scavenger communities. It involves purchasing land currently used as a dumpsite to set up compost sifting equipment and produce compost for seedling production. This would help meet the large target of 3 million seedlings for reforestation programs while creating jobs and income streams from compost sales. However, the main challenge is acquiring the land, as local funding agencies cannot support land purchases. Outside funding is needed to purchase the property.
Economic Issues 6 ChapterEconomic Issues
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6
Chapter
Economic Issues
Issues Corruption Ethical Consumption Ethical Sourcing Microfinance Profit Supply Chain
*
*
1. Corruption
Corruption is a fact of life, it includes dishonesty, exploitation, bribery, fraud etc.
*
Costs associate with corruption:Operational costs: Corruption adds additional expense throughout the corporate value chain and can lead to costly operational disruptions.Legal risks: Corporations face substantial consequences if they engage in corrupt business conduct, including large fines and disqualification from future government procurement. For instance, the German engineering conglomerate Siemens recently agreed to pay a record amount in fines to settle bribery cases against the companyCompetitive risks: Companies can also be at a competitive disadvantage if they refuse to pay bribes. Companies that adhere to strict principles against corruption can find themselves losing business to less ethical competitors who are willing to pay to influence the procurement process.
*
Corruption also exerts significant costs on:
society (including reduced government services for the disadvantaged,
constraints on foreign direct investment in high-corruption countries, and
crime and instability resulting from decreased trust in government).
Corporations can play a greater leadership role and improve results in the broader anti-corruption effort by treating corruption as a strategic CSR issue and seeking proactive solutions to social problems critical to the business.
*
1. Corruption
Companies can perform specific actions against corruption like:
i. influencing legislation: Companies can force the government to introduce new anticorruption laws.
ii. Organizing workshops: that include government, private sector, and civil society in an open discussion of anti-corruption reform. •
iii. Building capacity. Companies can lend expertise and help build skills in financial management, technology, or ethics (e.g., transparent procurement practices) to public agencies, or NGOs supporting public agencies.
*
1. Corruption
1. CorruptionHow legitimate is it for companies to operate with different standards in different countries and cultures?
Corruption means different things to different people. Some people argue that political campaign contributions are just another form of corruption. What is your reaction to this statement?
Why do you think corruption is more prevalent in some countries than others? What should a company do when operating in such an environment? Is it better to abide by local custom or try to impose standards and values from home?
*
*
2.Ethical consumptionBeing an ethical consumer means buying products which were ethically produced and/or which are not harmful to the environment and society.
Products which fall into the ethical category include organic produce, fair trade goods, energy-efficient light bulbs, electricity from rene ...
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The document discusses the relationship between businesses and the communities in which they operate. It analyzes why it is in the interest of businesses to respond to community problems and needs, such as avoiding public backlash and maintaining a "license to operate." It also examines how businesses can build strong relationships with communities through various forms of corporate engagement like economic development initiatives, crime reduction programs, and disaster relief efforts. Finally, it evaluates how companies can direct their citizenship activities strategically to further their own business objectives.
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This chapter discusses globalization and ethics in a global context. It will examine globalization, its benefits and disadvantages, and the UN Global Compact principles on human rights, labor, and the environment. The chapter will also analyze the global corporate social responsibility of an engineering company and issues like working with NGOs and across cultures. Two case studies on the Brent Spar incident and dealing with bribery in different cultures are provided.
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Cedar siding has several advantages - it is a natural material that adds beauty and character to homes; it is highly durable and can last over 100 years, saving homeowners replacement costs; and it is more environmentally friendly as cedar is a renewable resource. However, cedar siding also has some disadvantages, such as having a higher upfront cost than some other siding materials and requiring more maintenance like cleaning and sealing. It also may not be suitable for all climates. Overall, cedar siding provides aesthetic and longevity benefits but has greater initial expenses and maintenance needs compared to some alternatives.
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136 units in ending WIP (46% complete with respect to conversion costs).
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vertical axis). Show how the consumer's optimal consumption choice is found in the diagram. (b)
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continue to purchase the same amount of heating oil in this case? Explain. (d) [6 marks] Instead
of the cash transfer in part (c), the government gives the consumer heating oil vouchers of the
same monetary value. The vouchers can only be spent on heating oil and cannot be transferred to
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disclosed the following information:
Assets Liabilities
Cash $ 20 000 Accounts payable $50 000
Inventories 60 000 Provision for annual leave 8 000
Plant 200 000
Accumulated depreciation (20 000)
Additional information:
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line method), while 20% (straight-line) was used for tax purposes. The tax rate is 30%. The
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$6 000
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The document discusses the concepts of corporate social responsibility (CSR). It defines CSR as operating a business in a way that is socially responsible and environmentally sustainable. It discusses how CSR aims to have a positive impact on stakeholders like employees, communities, and the environment. Both proponents and opponents of CSR provide their perspectives. Examples are given of how some major companies like ITC, P&G, PepsiCo, and Johnson & Johnson implement CSR initiatives in areas like community development, education, environment protection, and product safety.
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