This document contains a summary of 6 units that will be covered in an internal syllabus, as well as the full text of the poem "Because I Could Not Stop for Death" by Emily Dickinson. The units are: Unit II on the poem, Unit III on error identification, Unit IV on minute writing, and Unit I on a letter by Jawaharlal Nehru to his daughter Indira Gandhi. The poem discusses Death coming as a gentleman caller to take the speaker on a carriage ride where they pass familiar sights, until Death and eternity overtake the speaker.
Analysis of the poem, my last duchess in the psycho analytical frameworkDayamani Surya
My Last Duchess is perhaps known as the most popular poem by Robert Browning. It stands as a perfect example of his dramatic monologue. The speaker of the poem is the Duke of Ferrara. The location of the poem is the duke's palace. The poem reveals him as a proud, possessive and self seeking individual. He regarded his late wife as a mere object. When she was alive he was enamored by her beauty but never liked her qualities. Moreover, now he was is complete control of the portrait as a pretty art object that he can show to his wife.
CONTENTS:
Introduction
Seamus Heaney
Heaney: a Follower of Romanticism
The Personal and the General
The Trilogy
Several Connotative Meanings to Digging
Heaney’s Poetic Theory
Post-colonial Theory
Psychoanalytical Approach
Eco-critical Theory
The Pen/Spade Analogy
Techniques
Frost
Bogland
Words
Language
The Sense of Place
“Digging”
“Follower”
“Gravities”
“Personal Helicon”
“Midnight”
Concept of Love and Death in W. H. Auden's PoetryAich Zee
Auden is a realist in that he understands poetry might not directly influence anything, but its habit of calling things by their real names (the sun, the law, death, love) can bring us into a better relationship with reality. He doesn’t give the readers the fairy-tale like happily-ever-afters rather he shows them the real picture of life that comes to an end, eventually, no matter what one does.
Analysis of the poem, my last duchess in the psycho analytical frameworkDayamani Surya
My Last Duchess is perhaps known as the most popular poem by Robert Browning. It stands as a perfect example of his dramatic monologue. The speaker of the poem is the Duke of Ferrara. The location of the poem is the duke's palace. The poem reveals him as a proud, possessive and self seeking individual. He regarded his late wife as a mere object. When she was alive he was enamored by her beauty but never liked her qualities. Moreover, now he was is complete control of the portrait as a pretty art object that he can show to his wife.
CONTENTS:
Introduction
Seamus Heaney
Heaney: a Follower of Romanticism
The Personal and the General
The Trilogy
Several Connotative Meanings to Digging
Heaney’s Poetic Theory
Post-colonial Theory
Psychoanalytical Approach
Eco-critical Theory
The Pen/Spade Analogy
Techniques
Frost
Bogland
Words
Language
The Sense of Place
“Digging”
“Follower”
“Gravities”
“Personal Helicon”
“Midnight”
Concept of Love and Death in W. H. Auden's PoetryAich Zee
Auden is a realist in that he understands poetry might not directly influence anything, but its habit of calling things by their real names (the sun, the law, death, love) can bring us into a better relationship with reality. He doesn’t give the readers the fairy-tale like happily-ever-afters rather he shows them the real picture of life that comes to an end, eventually, no matter what one does.
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The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
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Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
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2. Unit II Because I Could Not Stop For Death Emily Dickinson Unit III Spotting the Errors Unit IV Minutes Writing Unit I The Last Letter to Indira Jawaharlal Nehru
5. The Last Letter to Indira Jawaharlal Nehru Writing letter is a simple activity. But for few it is an intellectual outlet. Jawaharlal Nehru kills the time in prison by writing letters to his daughter Indira. “The Last Letters to Indira”, is a fine example of that kind. First Paragraph
6. This letter was written from Dehradun prison in 1933. He names the letter “last” because he would be released shortly. He did not know what to do after his release. Most of his countrymen were in prison. Second Paragraph
7. He brings out world history in his letters. He says that he is neither a historian nor a literary man. He does not enjoy prison life at the same time he is not bored. Third Paragraph
8. He says about past, present and future. Past cannot be changed. Future can be shaped by us to some extent. One should learn from history. Half the truth is revealed by the past and the other half is hidden by the future. Fourth Paragraph
9. Thought without action is of no use. It should be put into action. People fear the outcome. No life will be interesting without risk. Fifth Paragraph
10. Nehru concludes with a verse of Tagore. The former wants to break narrow divisions in Society. Sixth and Last Paragraph
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13. Stanza 1 Because I could not stop for Death-- He kindly stopped for me-- The Carriage held but just Ourselves-- And Immortality .
14. We slowly drove--He knew no haste And I had put away My labor and my leisure too, For His Civility-- Stanza 2
15. We passed the School, where Children strove At Recess--in the Ring-- We passed the Fields of Gazing Grain-- We passed the Setting Sun-- Stanza 3
16. Or rather--He passed us-- The Dews drew quivering and chill-- For only Gossamer, my Gown-- My Tippet--only Tulle-- Stanza 4 Gossamer is a thin material made of silk used for clothing. Her gown is made of thin cloth. Tippet is a veil to cover the neck. Her tippet is made of tulle-a soft material silk or rayon.
17. We paused before a House that seemed A Swelling of the Ground-- The Roof was scarcely visible-- The Cornice--in the Ground-- Stanza 5 Cornice- decoration in the wall Or ceiling
18. Since then--'tis Centuries--and yet Feels shorter than the Day I first surmised the Horses' Heads Were toward Eternity-- Stanza 6 Surmise-to guess
19. Death appears personified in this poem as a courtly lover who gently insists that the speaker put aside both “labor” and “leisure.” He arrives in his carriage, having stopped for her because she could not have stopped for him, and he even submits to a chaperone, “Immortality,” for the length of their outing together.
20. This death holds no terrors. Their drive is slow, and they pass the familiar sights of the town: fields of grain which gaze at them, the local school and its playground. Even so, the speaker realizes that this is no ordinary outing with an ordinary gentleman caller when they pass the setting sun, “Or rather—He passed Us—.” She realizes that it has grown cold, that she wears only a gossamer gown and a tulle lace cap.
21. Death takes the speaker to her new home, “A Swelling of the Ground,” whose roof is “scarcely visible.” Though centuries have passed since the event, the entire episode, including the speaker's awareness of her death, seems less than a day in length. The poem fuses elements of the secular seduction motif, with elements of the medieval bride-of-Christ tradition, arguable through inclusion of details such as the tippet of a nun's habit.
