The document provides guidance on assembling a 72-hour emergency preparedness kit. It recommends including food, water, clothing, bedding, fuel, lighting, personal supplies and documents. Food should require no cooking and have a long shelf life. Water storage should be at least 1 gallon per person per day. Clothing and bedding should be warm and weather-appropriate. Multiple methods of starting fires without matches should be included, such as lighters, magnesium strips, and candles. The kit should be stored in an easily accessible waterproof container so it is ready during an emergency.
The document provides guidance on assembling an emergency disaster kit and supplies for your family, noting that a basic kit should include at least a 3-day supply of water, non-perishable food, first aid supplies, clothing, tools and emergency items for each person. Special considerations should be made for medical needs, disabilities, or other special situations. Proper planning involves understanding potential hazards, having supplies to shelter at home or evacuate, and communicating with family members.
Analisi dei flussi turistici per l'anno 2011 relativa alla capacità ricettiva di Milano e provincia, ai flussi italiani e stranieri e alla provenienza dei turisti.
Analisi dei flussi turistici per l'anno 2012 relativa alla capacità ricettiva di Milano e provincia, ai flussi italiani e stranieri e alla provenienza dei turisti.
Capacità ricettiva nella città di Milano e nell'insieme della provincia; arrivi e presenze nelle strutture ricettive; provenienza dei turisti italiani e stranieri
The document provides guidance on assembling an emergency disaster kit and supplies for your family, noting that a basic kit should include at least a 3-day supply of water, non-perishable food, first aid supplies, clothing, tools and emergency items for each person. Special considerations should be made for medical needs, disabilities, or other special situations. Proper planning involves understanding potential hazards, having supplies to shelter at home or evacuate, and communicating with family members.
Analisi dei flussi turistici per l'anno 2011 relativa alla capacità ricettiva di Milano e provincia, ai flussi italiani e stranieri e alla provenienza dei turisti.
Analisi dei flussi turistici per l'anno 2012 relativa alla capacità ricettiva di Milano e provincia, ai flussi italiani e stranieri e alla provenienza dei turisti.
Capacità ricettiva nella città di Milano e nell'insieme della provincia; arrivi e presenze nelle strutture ricettive; provenienza dei turisti italiani e stranieri
Analisi su capacità ricettiva, flussi turistici, arrivi/presenze a Milano e in provincia e provenienza dei turisti italiani/stranieri in arrivo per il primo semestre 2012.
La presentazione fornisce in modo sintetico i dati sulla consistenza e sullo sviluppo dei Bed and Breakfast, una forma di ricettività alternativa che sta conoscendo un sempre maggiore interesse anche nell'area milanese.
MILANO COME BRAND: IL CAPOLUOGO LOMBARDO ALLA RICERCA DI UN POSIZIONAMENTO FRA EXPO 2015 E LUSSO.
Tesi di Laurea dI Valentina Alicino
Corso di Laurea Magistrale in comunicazione pubblica e d'impresa - Università degli Studi di Milano.
Este documento resume el Antiguo Régimen en Europa en el siglo XVIII. Describe la sociedad estamental desigual, la agricultura poco productiva y el crecimiento de la artesanía y el comercio. Explica las formas de gobierno absolutista y parlamentaria, y cómo la Ilustración criticó el Antiguo Régimen apoyando la razón, los derechos naturales y la educación. Finalmente, resume la Guerra de Sucesión Española y los primeros Borbones en España, incluyendo las reformas del despotismo ilustrado
The document discusses what items should be included in a bug out bag or preppers list. It recommends having supplies to sustain yourself for at least 3 days without external assistance or resources. Key items mentioned include food, water, first aid supplies, clothing, shelter items like tents or tarps, tools, communication devices, protection and security items, important documents, and stress relievers. The goal of preparing a bug out bag is to have essential survival supplies ready in advance for any disaster scenario when assistance may not immediately be available.
Build Your Own 72 hour survival kits it’s quite easy to assemble as well as instructions on how to put together that will allow you to live completely when emergency comes. Visit: http://www.dayonegear.com/
Nobody wants to think about the next big storm, flood, or the many emergency situations that could happen, leaving you and your family without power or trapped within your home for a considerable period of time.
Disasters happen anytime, anywhere. When disaster strikes, you may not have much time to respond. A hazardous material spill on the highway could mean INSTANT EVACUATION.
A winter storm could confine your family to your home for days. An earthquake, flood, tornado or any other disaster could cut off basic services such as gas, water, electricity and communications.
After a disaster, local officials and relief workers will be on the scene, but they cannot reach everyone immediately. You could get help in hours, or it may take days. Would your family be prepared to cope with the emergency until help arrives?
Your family will cope best by preparing for a disaster before it strikes. One way to prepare is by assembling a Disaster Supplies Kit. Once disaster hits, you won’t have time to shop or search for supplies. But if you’ve gathered supplies in advance, your family can endure an evacuation or home confinement.
Things You Must Keep in Your Emergency Go Bag | SafecastleSafecastle
Have a look at things that you should always keep in your Emergency Go Bag so that you can survive easily with essentials if anything goes wrong all of sudden.
1) A disaster supplies kit should contain essential items needed to survive for 72 hours including food, water and medical supplies. Local help may take days to arrive so individuals need to be prepared to be self-sufficient initially.
2) Proper first aid is crucial to treat injuries suffered during disasters like earthquakes which can cause fractures, sprains and other medical emergencies. First aiders should remain calm and prioritize maintaining breathing and circulation while preventing further injury.
3) Bleeding control is important first aid whether caused by accident or serious injury. While minor bleeding may stop on its own, severe or uncontrolled bleeding requires immediate emergency care. First aiders should apply pressure and seek help for bleeding that cannot
This document provides a checklist of recommended gear for an overnight winter camping trip in snow caves. It includes essential equipment like shovels, tarps, warm clothing and layers, first aid supplies, cooking equipment, food, water, tents, sleeping bags, and fire starters. Proper ventilation and insulation of the snow cave floor are also recommended to stay warm and comfortable overnight.
This document provides information and recommendations for developing a family disaster supply kit. It lists potential disasters that may occur, such as floods, tornadoes, or snowstorms. The kit should contain 6 basics - water, food, first aid supplies, clothing, tools/supplies, and special items for any family members with unique needs. These items can be stored in an easy-to-carry container like a trash bag, backpack, or duffle bag. The document provides specifics on quantities of water and food to store, as well as recommendations for first aid, clothing, sanitation items, and tools to include for emergency situations. It stresses the importance of storing the kit in an easily accessible place and rotating supplies periodically.
Getting Prepped.com provides a checklist to help readers prepare for emergencies by obtaining a one month supply of food and water, then increasing it to three, six, and twelve months. The checklist includes supplies in two categories: quick and easy meals as well as bulk staples with a long shelf life. A second checklist covers first aid, hygiene, shelter, tools, clothing and optional firearms for self defense. Readers are encouraged to break preparations into parallel paths for basic survival needs and "survival enablers" to protect their family through difficult times.
Analisi su capacità ricettiva, flussi turistici, arrivi/presenze a Milano e in provincia e provenienza dei turisti italiani/stranieri in arrivo per il primo semestre 2012.
La presentazione fornisce in modo sintetico i dati sulla consistenza e sullo sviluppo dei Bed and Breakfast, una forma di ricettività alternativa che sta conoscendo un sempre maggiore interesse anche nell'area milanese.
MILANO COME BRAND: IL CAPOLUOGO LOMBARDO ALLA RICERCA DI UN POSIZIONAMENTO FRA EXPO 2015 E LUSSO.
Tesi di Laurea dI Valentina Alicino
Corso di Laurea Magistrale in comunicazione pubblica e d'impresa - Università degli Studi di Milano.
Este documento resume el Antiguo Régimen en Europa en el siglo XVIII. Describe la sociedad estamental desigual, la agricultura poco productiva y el crecimiento de la artesanía y el comercio. Explica las formas de gobierno absolutista y parlamentaria, y cómo la Ilustración criticó el Antiguo Régimen apoyando la razón, los derechos naturales y la educación. Finalmente, resume la Guerra de Sucesión Española y los primeros Borbones en España, incluyendo las reformas del despotismo ilustrado
The document discusses what items should be included in a bug out bag or preppers list. It recommends having supplies to sustain yourself for at least 3 days without external assistance or resources. Key items mentioned include food, water, first aid supplies, clothing, shelter items like tents or tarps, tools, communication devices, protection and security items, important documents, and stress relievers. The goal of preparing a bug out bag is to have essential survival supplies ready in advance for any disaster scenario when assistance may not immediately be available.
Build Your Own 72 hour survival kits it’s quite easy to assemble as well as instructions on how to put together that will allow you to live completely when emergency comes. Visit: http://www.dayonegear.com/
Nobody wants to think about the next big storm, flood, or the many emergency situations that could happen, leaving you and your family without power or trapped within your home for a considerable period of time.
Disasters happen anytime, anywhere. When disaster strikes, you may not have much time to respond. A hazardous material spill on the highway could mean INSTANT EVACUATION.
A winter storm could confine your family to your home for days. An earthquake, flood, tornado or any other disaster could cut off basic services such as gas, water, electricity and communications.
After a disaster, local officials and relief workers will be on the scene, but they cannot reach everyone immediately. You could get help in hours, or it may take days. Would your family be prepared to cope with the emergency until help arrives?
Your family will cope best by preparing for a disaster before it strikes. One way to prepare is by assembling a Disaster Supplies Kit. Once disaster hits, you won’t have time to shop or search for supplies. But if you’ve gathered supplies in advance, your family can endure an evacuation or home confinement.
Things You Must Keep in Your Emergency Go Bag | SafecastleSafecastle
Have a look at things that you should always keep in your Emergency Go Bag so that you can survive easily with essentials if anything goes wrong all of sudden.
1) A disaster supplies kit should contain essential items needed to survive for 72 hours including food, water and medical supplies. Local help may take days to arrive so individuals need to be prepared to be self-sufficient initially.
2) Proper first aid is crucial to treat injuries suffered during disasters like earthquakes which can cause fractures, sprains and other medical emergencies. First aiders should remain calm and prioritize maintaining breathing and circulation while preventing further injury.
3) Bleeding control is important first aid whether caused by accident or serious injury. While minor bleeding may stop on its own, severe or uncontrolled bleeding requires immediate emergency care. First aiders should apply pressure and seek help for bleeding that cannot
This document provides a checklist of recommended gear for an overnight winter camping trip in snow caves. It includes essential equipment like shovels, tarps, warm clothing and layers, first aid supplies, cooking equipment, food, water, tents, sleeping bags, and fire starters. Proper ventilation and insulation of the snow cave floor are also recommended to stay warm and comfortable overnight.
This document provides information and recommendations for developing a family disaster supply kit. It lists potential disasters that may occur, such as floods, tornadoes, or snowstorms. The kit should contain 6 basics - water, food, first aid supplies, clothing, tools/supplies, and special items for any family members with unique needs. These items can be stored in an easy-to-carry container like a trash bag, backpack, or duffle bag. The document provides specifics on quantities of water and food to store, as well as recommendations for first aid, clothing, sanitation items, and tools to include for emergency situations. It stresses the importance of storing the kit in an easily accessible place and rotating supplies periodically.
Getting Prepped.com provides a checklist to help readers prepare for emergencies by obtaining a one month supply of food and water, then increasing it to three, six, and twelve months. The checklist includes supplies in two categories: quick and easy meals as well as bulk staples with a long shelf life. A second checklist covers first aid, hygiene, shelter, tools, clothing and optional firearms for self defense. Readers are encouraged to break preparations into parallel paths for basic survival needs and "survival enablers" to protect their family through difficult times.
The document provides a list of recommended medical supplies to include in emergency medical kits for home and travel. It begins by explaining that the author, a doctor, created the list based on questions from people about what to include in a first aid kit or emergency bag. The list provides essential supplies like gloves, masks, bandages, splints and medications to treat infections, pain, allergies and more. It emphasizes the importance of customizing kits based on needs but including at least basic supplies. The document also offers additional optional items and tips for storage and replacement of prescription medications.
Unlike with the coronavirus pandemic, you won’t always have enough time or resources to stock up on your essentials during a crisis. That’s why you need to have a kit filled with basic necessities on hand at all times. Are you prepared for any natural calamity or disaster that might hit you? Here’s a checklist of what you’ll need:
This document provides instructions and guidelines for backpacking skills and safety. It discusses selecting backpacks and proper packing techniques. Key items for backpack trips are identified like sleeping bags, pads, food, clothing and first aid kits. Navigation techniques without a compass and treating common issues like blisters, dehydration and hypothermia are covered. The document emphasizes leaving no trace principles and preparing properly for backpacking excursions.
The Next Season of One’s Life SlideshowSusan Ruske
This document discusses preparing children for adulthood and parents for an empty nest. It addresses the mixed emotions parents may feel when children leave home and provides tips for both children and parents. For children, it lists 10 life skills like cooking, cleaning, and personal finance. It also provides lists of supplies to include in a 24-hour car kit and a survival trunk for emergencies. The overall message is that both parents and children will experience changes and challenges as the children transition to adulthood.
The document provides guidance on emergency preparedness planning, outlining four steps to develop a disaster plan including determining potential threats, creating the plan, implementing it, and practicing; it recommends assembling disaster supplies kits with essentials like water, food, medical supplies and tools; and provides tips for specific threats like fire, floods, earthquakes and power outages.
A survival kit contains basic tools and supplies to help a person in an emergency situation. It provides shelter, warmth, first aid, food and water, signaling, and navigation. Civilian workers in remote areas may also carry survival kits, as do those in disaster-prone areas. Proper hydration is important for survival, with a person needing 4-6 liters of water daily. Shelters can range from natural to completely man-made structures. Navigation techniques include using the sun, stars, maps, and natural landmarks. Mental toughness and a will to live are also critical for survival.
Dogs need warm clothes in cold weather to protect them from losing body heat. This document recommends 5 types of dog clothes that will be popular in 2023: 1) Dressy coats like shark hoodie or fleece vest hoodies to keep dogs warm; 2) Fleece vest hoodies for dogs with weak immune systems; 3) Sleek quilted jackets for active dogs or dogs with light skin; 4) Hooded raincoats to keep dogs dry and avoid baths; 5) Pajamas and robes to help recover dogs from surgeries or keep short-haired dogs cozy. The document provides contact information for Posh Puppy Boutique for purchasing these dog clothes.
The Ultimate Guide To Cooler Bags_ Everything You Need To Know.pptxcarolsummers5
Foods and drinks do not taste good when they do not retain the desired temperature. Your hot soup will lose its flavour when it loses heat. Similarly, your favourite wine gives the best sensation as a chilled drink. But, when you carry your food and beverage in ordinary bags, it is not easy to maintain the temperature. That is why you need to use cooler bags, also known as insulated bags. Let us learn more about cooler bags.
PO WER - XX LO Gdańsk - Why is our environment important? Agnieszka J.
The document discusses why the environment is important. It explains that the environment is where humans live and get resources for survival. All living things on Earth are connected through food chains, with the sun providing energy that plants use and animals consume plants or each other. Within the global biosphere, smaller ecosystems like rainforests and deserts interact; problems in one area affect the whole planet. However, environmental degradation through pollution and overuse of resources like water and fossil fuels endangers these systems. Protecting the environment is important because Earth is the only home humans have.
Survival skills are techniques used to ensure basic human necessities like water, food, shelter and first aid in dangerous situations. They involve practices for locating water, building shelter, starting fires, finding food and administering first aid. Developing survival skills can help a person thrive in the wilderness as well as handle emergencies. Proper preparation, mitigation of risks, clear thinking and seeking safety are essential for survival during natural disasters.
1. 72 Hour Kit:
Food and Water
(A three day supply of food and water, per person, when no refrigeration or cooking is available)
Protein/Granola Bars
Trail Mix/Dried Fruit
Crackers/Cereals (for munching)
Canned Tuna, Beans, Turkey, Beef, Vienna Sausages, etc
Canned Juice
Hard Candy/Gum
Water (1 Gallon/4 Liters Per Person)
Bedding and Clothing
Change of Clothing (short and long sleeved shirts, pants, jackets, socks, etc.)
Undergarments
Rain Coat/Poncho
Blankets and Emergency Heat Blanks (that keep in warmth)
Cloth Sheet
Plastic Sheet
Fuel and Light
Battery Lighting (Flashlights, Lamps, etc.) Don't forget batteries!
Extra Batteries
Flares
Candles
Lighter
Water-Proof Matches
Equipment
Can Opener
Dishes/Utensils
Shovel
Radio (with batteries!)
Pen and Paper
Axe
Pocket Knife
Rope
Personal Supplies and Medication
First Aid Supplies
Toiletries (roll of toilet paper- remove the center tube to easily flatten into a zip-lock bag, feminine hygiene, folding
brush, etc.)
Cleaning Supplies (mini hand sanitizer, soap, shampoo, dish soap, etc.)
Immunizations Up-to Date
Medication (Acetaminophen, Ibuprofen, children's medication etc.)
Prescription Medication (for 3 days)
Personal Documents and Money
(Place these items in a water-proof container!)
Scriptures
Genealogy Records
Patriarchal Blessing
Legal Documents (Birth/Marriage Certificates, Wills, Passports, Contracts, etc)
Vaccination Papers
Insurance Policies
Cash
Credit Card
Pre-Paid Phone Cards
Miscellaneous
Bag(s) to put 72 Hour Kit items in (such as duffel bags or back packs, which work great) Make sure you can
lift/carry it!
Infant Needs (if applicable)—formula, bottles, pacifiers, baby food, diapers, wipes..
2. 72 Hour Kits Details
Following a disaster you should be prepared to be on your own without any assistance for at least 72 hours (3
days) and maybe as long as a week. You will not be able to rely on grocery stores to have enough food on hand.
Most stores only have enough food to last 2 to 3 days, and this estimate is based on normal or average sales
figures. In a recent disaster, in Florida a grocery store, was completely cleaned out in one day. It depends on the
scope of the disaster and the panic associated with it. You will also see the prices during a disaster increase
drastically. During hurricane Andrew an 89 cent loaf of bread sold for around $5.00 and a $10 - 4' x 8' sheet of
plywood went for around $40 to $45 dollars. So preparing in advance can also be cost effective.
The objective of the Family 72-Hour Emergency Preparedness Kit is to have, previously assembled and placed
in one location, all of those essential items you and your family will need during a 72-hour time period following
an emergency. When an emergency occurs you will probably not have the luxury of going around the house
gathering up needed items, especially if you have to evacuate your home on short notice.
Take time now to gather whatever your family needs to survive for three days (72 Hours) based upon the
assumption that those items are the only possessions you will have. Store these kits in an easily accessible place
where they can be quickly and easily grabbed on the way out the door.
Pack all items in plastic zip-loc bags to keep them dry and air tight. This will prevent a liquid item from spilling
and ruining other items in your kit and keep rain and other forms of moisture away form the items stored.
Keep a list of the dates when certain items need to be reviewed, especially foods, outgrown clothing and
medications so that they may be properly rotated.
Emergency supplies are readily available at preparedness and military surplus stores.
Fear may well be responsible for more deaths than exposure, hunger and injury combined. Realizing you have
fears and that these are normal emotions in unfamiliar situation, you will be aware of them and better able to
cope with them as they appear. Fears can be expected in any outdoor problem situation. Fear of the unknown
and fear of your ability to cope with the situation will be foremost, along with a fear of being alone, darkness,
suffering, or death. Fear is usually based on a lack of self-confidence and lack of adequate preparation and
experience. Knowledge and experience (practice sessions), will help to instill confidence and help to control
fear.
Container
The container you choose for your kit must be waterproof, have some type of carrying handle, and must be able
to be carried easily by family members. The following are good containers: backpacks, belt pack, suitcase,
polyethylene plastic bucket, duffel bag, trunk or footlocker, plastic garbage cans.
Water
Advised amounts of water for a kit vary. the Utah County Sheriff's office recommends a minimum of two quarts
per day for each adult. However, a person can survive quiet well on less, and the load of carrying six quarts of
water (about 12 lbs) with a pack is great. Outdoor survival course veterans agree that a two liter bottle should be
adequate. Water purification tablets or crystals need to be a part of each kit. Having some gum to keep your
mouth moist may help you consume less water. Be careful, you do not want to become dehydrated. Refer to
Emergency Water Supply for treatment methods and information on portable water filters.
Food
3. Food items should require little or no cooking and no refrigeration, and easy to prepare and be non-perishable
food. They should be compact and lightweight, in sealed packages. MRE's (Meals Ready to Eat) are a good
choice because they require little or no preparation. Freeze-dried foods are light weight but require extra water
in your kit. Canned goods are heavy with extra refuse. It is important to store foods high in calories and
nutrition to retain strength enough to work. You tend to use more energy in an emergency. Remember that
light, air, and heat break down food and lessen the foods nutritional value. Keeping in mind that this is a
survival kit. Include vitamins or other supplements, if desired. Choose food items that do not get messy, as they
will require the use of more water for cleaning.
Shelter
- The objective of shelter is to provide emergency housing. It is extremely important to be physically protected
from nature's weather elements. There are many types of shelter that can be easily included in your 72-hour kit.
You may want to consider family tent, backpacker's tent, tube tent, rain poncho, garbage bags, nylon rope or
cord, duct tape, space blanket and space sleeping back.
Bedding
- Bedding should be warm, lightweight, comfortable, waterproof and compact.
- Sleeping bag (2 1/2 pound hollow-fill)
- Insulation. Under your sleeping bag you will need some insulation to protect you from the cold ground.
Though foam pads are generally though of as an item of comfort, their true importance is in insulating you from
the ground. The best types are "closed cell" foam pads about 3/8 of an inch in thickness. They are very light
weight and easily attached to the backpack for carrying. You may also use a poncho, plastic ground cloth,
newspapers, leaves, or pine boughs, for insulation but they are not nearly as effective as the closed cell foam
pads.
- Blankets can be used to make a bed roll but generally they are not as comfortable or as warm as a sleeping bag.
Wool blankets are the best since they retain their warming ability even when wet. However, blankets are very
heavy and bulky.
- Space blanket or bag. As explained in the previous section space blankets and space bags (aluminum coated
Mylar) are very efficient at retaining body heat and are a must for every 72-hour kit. Even when used by
themselves, without the added benefit of a sleeping bag they will keep you warm during the night. In cold
winter weather they may not be entirely comfortable but they will probably keep you warm enough to keep you
alive. Being plastic, however, they are impervious to moisture. This is good for keeping out of rain but they
also retain sweat and condensation from your breath. Your may find that periodically during the night you will
have to air them out in order to sleep comfortably. They can also be used during the day to protect from rain,
sun and to retain body warmth.
Clothing
Include in your kit one change of clothing and footwear, preferable work clothing. Anticipate severe weather
conditions. If you have a growing family, remember to update clothing sizes and needs at least once a year. Try
to avoid wearing cotton clothing. Tight cotton clothing holds water next to the skin. Wet inner clothing causes
freezing. Cotton clothing "wicks" (draws water up the very small individual fiber), thus retaining water and
spreading it over the entire body, causing loss of body heat at an ever greater rate. Wool clothing is best. Wood
is natural thermostatic insulator that keeps you warm in the winter and cool in the summer. Wool is naturally
durable and can withstand rugged and tough wear. Wool also repels water and has the unique property of
keeping the body warm even if it does get wet. Wood dries from the inside out and does not "wick". Include
two pairs of wool socks - one paid of wearing and one for keeping your feet warm while sleeping.
Fuel
Every family member should have fire starting material and know hot to start a fire. Several of these items
should be assembled into a kit and labeled as "fire starting kit." Teach all family member how to use them and
4. let them practice building fires with all methods until they feel totally confident with their ability to do so. Even
little children aged six or seven can be safely instructed in correct fire building techniques under proper
supervision. Then if an emergency arises, they will not panic or feel overwhelmed or frightened at the prospect
of building a fire for their warmth and protection.
Some different sources are:
Matched - Carry at least two dozen wooden kitchen matches that have been either dipped in wax or nail polish to
make them waterproof or carry them in a waterproof container.
Metal Match - Waterproof, Fireproof, durable, and non-toxic. Will light thousands of fires. Available at sporting
goods stores.
Butane lighters - Such as Bic lighters are excellent ways to light a fire.
Magnesium - Magnesium fire starters are good for starting fires with wet or damp wood. Shave magnesium
shavings off of a magnesium block with a pocket knife and then strike a spark from a flint starter with a pocket
knife. Magnesium burns exceptionally hot and will ignite almost any combustible material. Works even when
wet and can be purchased at most sporting goods stores.
Small Magnifying glass - Use to concentrate sunlight onto paper, shredded bark or other tinder.
Flint and steel - A spark from flint and steel (such as an empty cigarette lighter or flint and steel sticking bar),
when directed at dry paper (especially toilet tissue), shredded bark, dry grass or other tinder, if persisted in
patiently will work very well to start a fire. This is the most reliable "non-match" method of starting a fire.
Commercial fire starter kits - These come in a variety of styles and fuels.
Steel Wool - Fine steel wool (used for scrubbing pots and pans - but not Brillo pads or other types that have soap
already impregnated into them) can be used for tinder. Hold two "D" flashlight cells together in one hand (or
one 9-volt transistor radio battery) while touching one end of a clump of steel wool to the positive end of the
battery and the other end of the steel wool to the negative end of the battery. The current causes the steel wool
fibers to incandesce and then produce a flame. It burns very hot and fairly fast so use lots of other tinder to burn
once the steel wool ignites.
Candles- can be used for warmth, light, and starting fires. To start a fire simply cut a piece of candle about 1/2
inch in length and place it on top of the tinder. When lit the wax will run over the tinder making it act as a wick
and ignite. You can also place small twigs and other easily burnable material directly into the flame to build a
fire.
Car Battery - If you are near your car you can easily put sparks into tinder by attaching any wires to the battery
posts and scraping the ends together in the tinder.
Sterno Fuel- and stove make an excellent cooking fuel when backpacking or in emergencies. Sterno can be lit
with a match or by a spark from flint and steel. Slivers of gelled Sterno can be cut from the can and placed on
top of tinder and lit with flint and steel or with a match. It burns hot enough to ignite even damp tinder.
Cotton Balls - and gauze from the first aid kit make excellent tinder and can be ignited with sparks or with
matches.
Fuel Tablets - such as tri-oxane and gelled fuels store well and ignite quickly and easily. Some can be fairly
expensive, however.
Butane and propane stove - These are made especially for backpackers. The fuel is cheaper than Sterno, it burns
hotter and it heats better in windy situations than other fuels. Propane, however is more difficult to light as
outside temperatures near zero.