6rththrththyjuyki

1. L.J. INSTITUTE OF APPLIED SCIENCES
Department of Biotechnology
SEMESTER VI
TOPIC:MATING SYSTEM IN
FUNGI
PRESENTED BY:
ROLL NO: 658 SHALU JHA
ROLL NO: 659 SHREELAKSHMI
ROLL NO:660 FENAL SHUKLA

2. INTRODUCTION:-
• WHAT IS FUNGI?
• A eukaryotic,
multicellular,
saprophytic organism
that does not have
chlorophyll.

3. General Characteristics of fungi:-
• Most fungi are non motile.
• Some have flagella.
• Food store in the form of glycogen.
• They reproduce by means of spores & have no embryonic stage.
• Exhibit the phenomenon of alternation of generation.
• The nuclei of the fungi are very small.
• Fungi produce a chemical called pheromone.
• Examples include mushrooms, moulds, yeast.

4. Fungal Morphology

6. REPRODUCTION IN FUNGI
SEXUAL ASEXUAL
wind Animal

7. SEXUAL REPRODUCTION
• Union of two nuclei.
• The entire thallus can be converted into one or
more reproductive structures.
• 1) Eucarpic fungi: only a part of the vegetative
mycelium forms the reproductive unit.
• 2) Holocarpic fungi: in some unicellular forms the
whole vegetative cell is transformed to a
reproductive unit at the time of maturation.
Eucarpic

8. SEXUAL REPRODUCTION
Homothallic Heterothallic

9. The Three phases of sexual
reproduction In fungi are:-
1) Plasmogamy:- fusion of protoplast.
2)Karyogamy:- Fusion of two nuclei

10. 3) Meiosis:-single cell divides twice to produce four cells(n).

11. Fungi
Lower
Zygomycota
Chytridiomycota
Higher
Ascomycota
Basidiomycota
Major Classes Of Fungi:-

12. Chytridiomycota
• A division of Zoosporic
organism.
• 700 species
• Produce spores and gametes.
• Only fungi with flagellated cells
at any stage during their life
cycle.
• Coenocytic hyphae.
• Chytridiomycosis
(Batrachochytrium
dendrobatidis).
• Example:-Allomyces.
chytrids

13. Life cycle of Allomyces

14. Zygomycota (Conjugation fungi)
• Also known as bread molds.
• Saprophytic molds with Coenocytic hyphae.
• Sexual Reproduction: Occurs through conjugation.
• Zygospores: Sexual spores which are enclosed in a
thick resistant wall.
• Generally not pathogens.
Rhizopus stolonifer: Common black bread mold.

15. • The rhizoids meet underground and mating occurs between hyphae of
different molds (SEXUAL REPRODUCTION).

16. Life cycle of Zygomycota

17. Ascomycota

18. General characteristics
• Are higher class fungi with septate.
• Found in marine, freshwater, and terrestrial habitats.
• Some are found in the form of lichens.
• Most of them are unicellular.
• Its hyphae are segmented by more or less spaced septa.
• They reproduce sexually by ascocarp.
• Best example of this group of fungi is yeast or bakers
yeast (saccharomyces cerevisiae).

19. Reproductive cycle

20. Basidiomycota

21. GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS
• Are higher class fungi with septate.
• Basidio is the site where badiospores are attached
• Mycota are fungi
• Spectacular fruiting body called basiocarps are found.
• It contains mushroom, toadstools,puffballs and bracket fungi.
• Are found in fields and woodlands.
• Some basidiomycetes live for decades or even centuries.
• They are grouped into:
Edible fungi (mushroom)
Devasting fungi(smut and rust)

22. Reproductive cycle

24. • Life cycle of Basidiomycota are based on two phases:
Early phase
Later phase
• Mushroom in later phase have dikaryotic hyphae .
• Gills of mushroom contains basidium which have 2 nucleus
each of opposite strains.
• On fusion of nucleus diploid 2n nucleus is formed.
• This nucleus undergo meiosis so spores are formed(i.e. 4
spores are formed).
• These spores formed are haploid in nature called as
basidiospores.
• Later plasmogamy occurs were the fruiting body called
basiocarp is formed.

25. Devasting fungi

26. DEUTROMYCOTA

27. GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS
• Are imperfect fungi.
• Most Deuteromycota have a well-developed,
septate mycelium with distinct conidiophores
but some have a unicellular thallus.
• They are characterized by absence of meiotic
states.
• Reproduction of Deuteromycota is strictly
asexual, occuring mainly by production of
asexual conidiospores.
• Imperfect fungi have a large impact on
everyday human life.