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6-Chronic Respiratory chronic Disease 2017.ppt
- 1. CHRONIC RESPIRATORY DISEASE CHRONICRESPIRATORY DISEASE (CRD, MG INFECTION) (CRD, MG INFECTION)
- 2. INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION CRD is aslow spreading chronic upper and lower CRD is a slow spreading chronic upper and lower respiratory tract infection of chickens, turkeys respiratory tract infection of chickens, turkeys (infectious sinusitis) and other birds (infectious sinusitis) and other birds Characterized by: Characterized by: • Abnormal respiratory sounds Abnormal respiratory sounds • Coughing, gasping, nasal discharge Coughing, gasping, nasal discharge • Foamy & Cheesy air-sacculitis Foamy & Cheesy air-sacculitis • Razor blade keel bone appearance Razor blade keel bone appearance • Keel bursitis Keel bursitis • Arthritis Arthritis
- 3. ETIOLOGY ETIOLOGY Mycoplasma gallisepticum Mycoplasma gallisepticum Characteristics: Characteristics: –Smallest self replicating prokaryote Smallest self replicating prokaryote – 300 – 800 nm in size 300 – 800 nm in size – Lacks rigid cell wall, bounded by plasma Lacks rigid cell wall, bounded by plasma membrane membrane – Highly pleomorphic Highly pleomorphic – Coccoid, coccobaccillus and filamentous Coccoid, coccobaccillus and filamentous – G –ve G –ve
- 6. PATHOGENESIS PATHOGENESIS Organism entersthrough respiratory tract, Organism enters through respiratory tract, conjunctiva or via infected embryo conjunctiva or via infected embryo Localizes in epithelium of respiratory tract Localizes in epithelium of respiratory tract Irritation and damage of tracheal lining Irritation and damage of tracheal lining Destruction of cilia Destruction of cilia Infection to air sacs and lungs Infection to air sacs and lungs Infection spreads to reproductive organs Infection spreads to reproductive organs i.e oviduct and ovary i.e oviduct and ovary Secondary infection (bacterial & viral Secondary infection (bacterial & viral infections) CRD complex infections) CRD complex
- 7. CLINICAL SIGNS CLINICAL SIGNS Abnormal respiratory gurgling sounds Abnormal respiratory gurgling sounds Nasal discharge, coughing, gasping and Nasal discharge, coughing, gasping and sneezing sneezing Shaking of head Shaking of head Thin & weak birds with razor blade Thin & weak birds with razor blade breasts breasts Poor carcass quality (Stunting) and Poor carcass quality (Stunting) and weight gain weight gain CRD COMPLEX: Mixed infection with E. CRD COMPLEX: Mixed infection with E. coli, ND,IB,ILT,IC cause serious losses coli, ND,IB,ILT,IC cause serious losses
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- 10. POSTMORTEM LESIONS POSTMORTEM LESIONS Keel bursitis Keel bursitis Sinus and nasal mucosa is coated with Sinus and nasal mucosa is coated with turbid mucus turbid mucus Excessive mucus in trachea Excessive mucus in trachea Cheesy material on lungs Cheesy material on lungs Airsacculitis, Air sacs are often cloudy Airsacculitis, Air sacs are often cloudy and contain large amounts of exudate and contain large amounts of exudate which later become cheesy which later become cheesy Perihepatitis, pericarditis and salpingitis Perihepatitis, pericarditis and salpingitis
- 11. Inflammation of periorbital Inflammationof periorbital sinuses sinuses
- 12. Acute foamy airsacculitis Acute foamy air sacculitis
- 13. Cloudy air sacs Cloudyair sacs
- 14. Cheesy pus inthe thoracic Cheesy pus in the thoracic air sacs air sacs
- 15. Airsacculitis with cheesy Airsacculitiswith cheesy material material
- 16. White cheesy exudateson lungs White cheesy exudates on lungs
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- 18. Cheesy exudate inair sacs Cheesy exudate in air sacs
- 19. CCRD (CRD+ colibacillosis CCRD(CRD+ colibacillosis complex) complex)
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- 22. DIAGNOSIS DIAGNOSIS Field Field Clinical signsand lesions Clinical signs and lesions Isolation and identification of organism Isolation and identification of organism Sampling site: Sampling site: Upper respiratory tract (trachea) Upper respiratory tract (trachea) Primary inoculation: Primary inoculation: • Frey’s medium, PPLO broth. Frey’s medium, PPLO broth. • 0.1-1 mm smooth colonies with dense 0.1-1 mm smooth colonies with dense elevated centers (Fried eggs shape colonies) elevated centers (Fried eggs shape colonies) Serological identification Serological identification 1. 1. Serum plate/ Tube agglutination test Serum plate/ Tube agglutination test 2. 2. Haemagglutination inhibition test Haemagglutination inhibition test 3. 3. Antigen capture ELISA Antigen capture ELISA Molecular diagnosis PCR Molecular diagnosis PCR Commercial kits available Commercial kits available
- 23. Serum plate agglutinationtest Serum plate agglutination test
- 24. MYCOPLASMA SYNOVIAE MYCOPLASMA SYNOVIAE Chronic subclinical upper respiratory Chronic subclinical upper respiratory infection infection Characterized by swollen joints (hock) Characterized by swollen joints (hock) Viscous creamy to grey exudate in synovial Viscous creamy to grey exudate in synovial membranes, tendon sheaths and joints membranes, tendon sheaths and joints Synovitis Synovitis Bursitis Bursitis Hepatitis Hepatitis Hepatomegaly Hepatomegaly Spleenomegaly Spleenomegaly
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- 28. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS •Newcastle disease Newcastle disease • Infectious bronchitis Infectious bronchitis • Infectious Infectious laryngotracheitis laryngotracheitis • Infectious coryza Infectious coryza
- 29. CONTROL CONTROL 1. 1. Ideally maintainMycoplasma-free flock Ideally maintain Mycoplasma-free flock 2. 2. Medications of breeders to eliminate egg Medications of breeders to eliminate egg transmission. transmission. 3. Before purchasing chicks from a hatchery, it should be confirmed that they are free from CRD 4. 4. Blood serum testing of breeder chickens for MG Blood serum testing of breeder chickens for MG antibodies has become a routine to test flocks for a antibodies has become a routine to test flocks for a MG infection MG infection 5. Before coming in contact with flocks, workmen should take shower and put on special clothes 6. Strict biosecurity measures should be adopted 7. 7. Egg dipping in antibiotic solutions e g, Egg dipping in antibiotic solutions e g, Tylosin 8. 8. Antibiotic therapy to chicks (Tetracyclines) Antibiotic therapy to chicks (Tetracyclines) 9. 9. Disposing of dead birds by incineration, deep burial Disposing of dead birds by incineration, deep burial or by means of special disposal pits. or by means of special disposal pits.