The document discusses the future of Europe and Islam. It states that Europe will have a large Muslim population in the future, and questions whether Europe will accept Islamic influences or reject Muslim immigrants. It argues that Europeans must recognize that Islam is here to stay and find a way to integrate Muslim communities into European societies.
The document discusses opposing views on Israel from Jewish individuals. It presents arguments made by Jews who are critical of some Israeli policies and actions, as well as responses defending Israel. Key points of contention include Israel's treatment of Palestinians, ongoing occupation, and policies toward non-Jews and critics. Both sides claim their positions uphold Jewish values and traditions.
The document discusses modern approaches to novel criticism. It covers 5 chapters that address different literary criticism methods including impressionistic criticism, formalist criticism, textual criticism, ontological criticism, and hermeneutic criticism. The document analyzes each approach and how they are used to critique novels.
This document provides summaries of several books and publications related to Islamic studies, education, and psychology. It lists the author, title, publisher, and year of publication for works such as "Sayyid Qutb; A study of His ctitical Ideas" by Muhammad Auwal, "Foundations of Educational Thought and Practice" by J. M. Akintola, "The underdevelopment of indigenous entrepreneurship in Nigeria" by E. O. Akeredolu, and "The Holy Quran text, Translation and commentary" by A. yusuf Ali. It also briefly summarizes Al-Mugi's translation of "Albukhati, A Collection of Mohammad's authentic traditions."
This document discusses the modern novel in Egypt. It covers the rise of the novel and its development. Key points discussed include the problematic hero archetype, point of view techniques employed by authors, and the influence of Western literary traditions on Egyptian novels. The document examines these topics across multiple chapters and sections.
This document discusses the relationship between Westernization and globalization. It argues that globalization has increased Western influence around the world through cultural and economic forces. While some cultures have resisted Westernization, globalization makes it difficult to avoid all Western impact. Overall, the document examines how Western and global influences have interacted between the French colonial era and the modern American-led globalized world.
1) The document discusses the opening of America and the voyages of Christopher Columbus. It describes how Columbus sailed west to reach Asia but landed in the Americas, making contact with indigenous peoples.
2) It then discusses other European explorers who followed Columbus, such as Vespucci, and how they gradually came to realize that the lands discovered were not Asia but a "New World."
3) The summary concludes by mentioning historians like Las Casas who documented the encounters between Europeans and the native populations in the Americas in the early colonial period.
The document discusses the future of Europe and Islam. It states that Europe will have a large Muslim population in the future, and questions whether Europe will accept Islamic influences or reject Muslim immigrants. It argues that Europeans must recognize that Islam is here to stay and find a way to integrate Muslim communities into European societies.
The document discusses opposing views on Israel from Jewish individuals. It presents arguments made by Jews who are critical of some Israeli policies and actions, as well as responses defending Israel. Key points of contention include Israel's treatment of Palestinians, ongoing occupation, and policies toward non-Jews and critics. Both sides claim their positions uphold Jewish values and traditions.
The document discusses modern approaches to novel criticism. It covers 5 chapters that address different literary criticism methods including impressionistic criticism, formalist criticism, textual criticism, ontological criticism, and hermeneutic criticism. The document analyzes each approach and how they are used to critique novels.
This document provides summaries of several books and publications related to Islamic studies, education, and psychology. It lists the author, title, publisher, and year of publication for works such as "Sayyid Qutb; A study of His ctitical Ideas" by Muhammad Auwal, "Foundations of Educational Thought and Practice" by J. M. Akintola, "The underdevelopment of indigenous entrepreneurship in Nigeria" by E. O. Akeredolu, and "The Holy Quran text, Translation and commentary" by A. yusuf Ali. It also briefly summarizes Al-Mugi's translation of "Albukhati, A Collection of Mohammad's authentic traditions."
This document discusses the modern novel in Egypt. It covers the rise of the novel and its development. Key points discussed include the problematic hero archetype, point of view techniques employed by authors, and the influence of Western literary traditions on Egyptian novels. The document examines these topics across multiple chapters and sections.
This document discusses the relationship between Westernization and globalization. It argues that globalization has increased Western influence around the world through cultural and economic forces. While some cultures have resisted Westernization, globalization makes it difficult to avoid all Western impact. Overall, the document examines how Western and global influences have interacted between the French colonial era and the modern American-led globalized world.
1) The document discusses the opening of America and the voyages of Christopher Columbus. It describes how Columbus sailed west to reach Asia but landed in the Americas, making contact with indigenous peoples.
2) It then discusses other European explorers who followed Columbus, such as Vespucci, and how they gradually came to realize that the lands discovered were not Asia but a "New World."
3) The summary concludes by mentioning historians like Las Casas who documented the encounters between Europeans and the native populations in the Americas in the early colonial period.
The document discusses a French online school called Lycée. It notes that the school promotes freedom and militancy through education. Students are encouraged to think critically and question established ideas. The school aims to cultivate independent thinkers who can promote positive change in society.
This document provides a summary of the biography "The Man Behind the Magic: The Story of Walt Disney" by Katherine and Richard Greene. It describes Walt Disney's early life and career, including how he started his first animation company and created Mickey Mouse. It also discusses some of Disney's most famous films and theme parks, and how he revolutionized the entertainment industry.
The document discusses the criminal history of humanity and human violence. It notes that violence has been part of human nature since ancient times. However, psychology research shows that humans also have an innate tendency towards empathy, cooperation and fairness. The document calls for promoting these positive qualities and preventing the conditions that lead to violence.
This document discusses intercultural dialogue and highlights several key points. It notes that cultural diversity has increased with globalization but also brought more misunderstandings between cultures. However, intercultural dialogue can help build understanding between different groups by learning about each other and finding common ground. The document stresses the importance of respect, openness, and willingness to understand different perspectives.
The document discusses relationships between caregivers and children in modern culture. It notes challenges such as both parents working, less time for children, and influences of technology and media. The text advocates for more meaningful engagement between caregivers and children through activities like reading, telling stories, asking questions, and reducing screen time in favor of personal interaction.
1) The document discusses the First Ecumenical Council of Nicaea which was convened by Emperor Constantine I in 325 AD to establish orthodox Christian doctrine and resolve various theological disputes.
2) It provides background information on key figures involved in the council like Alexander of Alexandria, Arius, and Emperor Constantine. It also discusses some of the theological debates addressed at the council such as the nature of Christ and Arianism.
3) The council resulted in the formulation of the Nicene Creed which established the dogma of the Holy Trinity and asserted that Christ is of the same substance as God the Father, condemning the teachings of Arius as heretical.
This document discusses the dialectic of domination and liberation. It begins by defining some key terms and outlining the historical relationship between domination and resistance. It then explores how domination manifests through cultural, economic and political means and how groups seek liberation through various strategies of resistance and opposition. The document considers different theories surrounding these concepts and debates their application to modern contexts. It concludes by arguing that liberation requires ongoing struggle and a rejection of all forms of domination. The summary is in 3 sentences.
This document discusses Arabic poetry and music. It covers topics like meters, rhyme schemes, and genres of poetry set to music like qasida and muwashshah. Examples are provided of different poetic forms and techniques used in Arabic poetry when set to musical modes and instruments. Historical details are given about the development and spread of various poetic traditions across the Arab world.
The document discusses identity and arts in two chapters. The first chapter talks about characters and issues, including discussions of identity. The second chapter covers various art forms like stories, films, opera, and art. It provides examples and perspectives on different artistic works and their exploration of identity.
The passage discusses the topic of studying the novel from a social perspective. It defines the novel as a long fictional narrative and notes that it emerged in the modern era. The passage also explains some of the key elements of novels, such as characters, plots, settings, and themes. It emphasizes studying novels within their historical and social contexts.
The document discusses a dispute over land boundaries between two neighboring properties owned by John Doe and Jane Smith, describing the history of ownership and differences in surveys that have led to conflicting claims over a small strip of land along the border. It outlines arguments from both sides, with Doe claiming adverse possession over time and Smith providing evidence of her survey being correct based on the original property deeds. The two parties are unable to resolve the matter themselves and are seeking mediation assistance to avoid costly litigation.
The document is illegible and cannot be summarized due to the lack of coherent text, language or meaningful content. It appears to contain random symbols with no discernible structure, grammar or narrative.
The document discusses experimental techniques in short stories. It begins by defining experimental literature and some common experimental techniques used, such as nonlinear narratives, metafiction, unreliable narrators. The rest of the document provides examples from short stories to illustrate these techniques, such as manipulating time and space, blurring reality and fiction, and using multiple perspectives and narrators. It aims to introduce readers to this style of literature and the creative techniques authors use.
The document discusses the impacts of climate change on agriculture and food security. It notes that rising temperatures, changing precipitation patterns, and more extreme weather events are negatively affecting crop yields and farmer livelihoods. The document calls for urgent action to help agricultural communities adapt to climate change through practices like drought-resistant crops and weather insurance programs. It concludes that failing to address climate change poses severe risks to global food security.
This document summarizes a user registering for an account on the Launchpad platform. It provides instructions on how to complete the registration by following a link and setting up a display name and password. It also introduces some of the key features of Launchpad for open source developers, including translation and bug management. Finally, it mentions that the user can provide feedback and ideas to the Launchpad team on IRC.
Data Mining (5104730, 5104716, 5104737)Pulkit Arora
The document describes a project developed by Angad Singh, Pulkit Arora, and Sushant Kaura from class B-9 with student IDs 05104730, 05104716, and 05104737 respectively. It discusses the generation of point sets from 3D triangle meshes, calculation of shape distributions from point sets, and using the Earth Mover's Distance to compare shape distributions and identify similar shapes despite variations in pose. The algorithm works in three stages - generation of points, calculation of shape descriptors, and shape matching using EMD.
The document discusses modern approaches to novel criticism. It covers 5 chapters that address different literary criticism methods including impressionistic criticism, formalist criticism, textual criticism, ontological criticism, and hermeneutic criticism. The document analyzes each approach and how they are used to critique novels.
The document discusses China's economic system and development model. It notes that China has adopted aspects of socialism and capitalism, pursuing export-led growth through emerging export platforms. It critiques the Washington Consensus policies advocated by some economists as well as China's crony capitalist system and centralized state control.
The document discusses Muhammad (PBUH) and analyzes his life and teachings from different perspectives. It addresses several topics: his sincerity and integrity are highlighted; criticisms against him such as accusations of falsity, sinning, and the sword are refuted; his fidelity, morality and virtues are praised; factors of his success like wisdom, courage and eloquence are examined. Overall the document portrays Muhammad (PBUH) as a great leader who achieved outstanding results despite facing difficulties.
The document appears to be a collection of writings on clay tablets in an unknown language. It includes sections that discuss traveling at night, commenting on events, and notes on writing on clay. The passages reference places, people and events but provide little context due to being in another language.
The document discusses a French online school called Lycée. It notes that the school promotes freedom and militancy through education. Students are encouraged to think critically and question established ideas. The school aims to cultivate independent thinkers who can promote positive change in society.
This document provides a summary of the biography "The Man Behind the Magic: The Story of Walt Disney" by Katherine and Richard Greene. It describes Walt Disney's early life and career, including how he started his first animation company and created Mickey Mouse. It also discusses some of Disney's most famous films and theme parks, and how he revolutionized the entertainment industry.
The document discusses the criminal history of humanity and human violence. It notes that violence has been part of human nature since ancient times. However, psychology research shows that humans also have an innate tendency towards empathy, cooperation and fairness. The document calls for promoting these positive qualities and preventing the conditions that lead to violence.
This document discusses intercultural dialogue and highlights several key points. It notes that cultural diversity has increased with globalization but also brought more misunderstandings between cultures. However, intercultural dialogue can help build understanding between different groups by learning about each other and finding common ground. The document stresses the importance of respect, openness, and willingness to understand different perspectives.
The document discusses relationships between caregivers and children in modern culture. It notes challenges such as both parents working, less time for children, and influences of technology and media. The text advocates for more meaningful engagement between caregivers and children through activities like reading, telling stories, asking questions, and reducing screen time in favor of personal interaction.
1) The document discusses the First Ecumenical Council of Nicaea which was convened by Emperor Constantine I in 325 AD to establish orthodox Christian doctrine and resolve various theological disputes.
2) It provides background information on key figures involved in the council like Alexander of Alexandria, Arius, and Emperor Constantine. It also discusses some of the theological debates addressed at the council such as the nature of Christ and Arianism.
3) The council resulted in the formulation of the Nicene Creed which established the dogma of the Holy Trinity and asserted that Christ is of the same substance as God the Father, condemning the teachings of Arius as heretical.
This document discusses the dialectic of domination and liberation. It begins by defining some key terms and outlining the historical relationship between domination and resistance. It then explores how domination manifests through cultural, economic and political means and how groups seek liberation through various strategies of resistance and opposition. The document considers different theories surrounding these concepts and debates their application to modern contexts. It concludes by arguing that liberation requires ongoing struggle and a rejection of all forms of domination. The summary is in 3 sentences.
This document discusses Arabic poetry and music. It covers topics like meters, rhyme schemes, and genres of poetry set to music like qasida and muwashshah. Examples are provided of different poetic forms and techniques used in Arabic poetry when set to musical modes and instruments. Historical details are given about the development and spread of various poetic traditions across the Arab world.
The document discusses identity and arts in two chapters. The first chapter talks about characters and issues, including discussions of identity. The second chapter covers various art forms like stories, films, opera, and art. It provides examples and perspectives on different artistic works and their exploration of identity.
The passage discusses the topic of studying the novel from a social perspective. It defines the novel as a long fictional narrative and notes that it emerged in the modern era. The passage also explains some of the key elements of novels, such as characters, plots, settings, and themes. It emphasizes studying novels within their historical and social contexts.
The document discusses a dispute over land boundaries between two neighboring properties owned by John Doe and Jane Smith, describing the history of ownership and differences in surveys that have led to conflicting claims over a small strip of land along the border. It outlines arguments from both sides, with Doe claiming adverse possession over time and Smith providing evidence of her survey being correct based on the original property deeds. The two parties are unable to resolve the matter themselves and are seeking mediation assistance to avoid costly litigation.
The document is illegible and cannot be summarized due to the lack of coherent text, language or meaningful content. It appears to contain random symbols with no discernible structure, grammar or narrative.
The document discusses experimental techniques in short stories. It begins by defining experimental literature and some common experimental techniques used, such as nonlinear narratives, metafiction, unreliable narrators. The rest of the document provides examples from short stories to illustrate these techniques, such as manipulating time and space, blurring reality and fiction, and using multiple perspectives and narrators. It aims to introduce readers to this style of literature and the creative techniques authors use.
The document discusses the impacts of climate change on agriculture and food security. It notes that rising temperatures, changing precipitation patterns, and more extreme weather events are negatively affecting crop yields and farmer livelihoods. The document calls for urgent action to help agricultural communities adapt to climate change through practices like drought-resistant crops and weather insurance programs. It concludes that failing to address climate change poses severe risks to global food security.
This document summarizes a user registering for an account on the Launchpad platform. It provides instructions on how to complete the registration by following a link and setting up a display name and password. It also introduces some of the key features of Launchpad for open source developers, including translation and bug management. Finally, it mentions that the user can provide feedback and ideas to the Launchpad team on IRC.
Data Mining (5104730, 5104716, 5104737)Pulkit Arora
The document describes a project developed by Angad Singh, Pulkit Arora, and Sushant Kaura from class B-9 with student IDs 05104730, 05104716, and 05104737 respectively. It discusses the generation of point sets from 3D triangle meshes, calculation of shape distributions from point sets, and using the Earth Mover's Distance to compare shape distributions and identify similar shapes despite variations in pose. The algorithm works in three stages - generation of points, calculation of shape descriptors, and shape matching using EMD.
The document discusses modern approaches to novel criticism. It covers 5 chapters that address different literary criticism methods including impressionistic criticism, formalist criticism, textual criticism, ontological criticism, and hermeneutic criticism. The document analyzes each approach and how they are used to critique novels.
The document discusses China's economic system and development model. It notes that China has adopted aspects of socialism and capitalism, pursuing export-led growth through emerging export platforms. It critiques the Washington Consensus policies advocated by some economists as well as China's crony capitalist system and centralized state control.
The document discusses Muhammad (PBUH) and analyzes his life and teachings from different perspectives. It addresses several topics: his sincerity and integrity are highlighted; criticisms against him such as accusations of falsity, sinning, and the sword are refuted; his fidelity, morality and virtues are praised; factors of his success like wisdom, courage and eloquence are examined. Overall the document portrays Muhammad (PBUH) as a great leader who achieved outstanding results despite facing difficulties.
The document appears to be a collection of writings on clay tablets in an unknown language. It includes sections that discuss traveling at night, commenting on events, and notes on writing on clay. The passages reference places, people and events but provide little context due to being in another language.
This document discusses strategies for preventing war. It argues that deterrence through nuclear weapons and massive retaliation could lead to escalation and the destruction of humanity. A better approach is to reduce reliance on weapons of mass destruction and pursue non-violent solutions through open communication and understanding between adversaries. Overall, the document advocates for diplomatic approaches to conflict resolution over military threats and actions.
This document discusses Arabic poetry from diaspora poets. It provides brief biographies of 5 poets, including where they lived and some of their works. The document also references the themes of longing for home and identity found within their poems. It concludes by stating their poetry made important contributions to Arabic literature outside of the home countries.
The document discusses the history of education from ancient times to the modern era. It covers major educational philosophers and their ideas such as Confucius, Plato, and Rousseau. Key events mentioned include the establishment of universities in Bologna in 1088 and Paris in 1248. The document also references the development of modern educational systems in the 18th-19th centuries and important educational reforms over time.
This document discusses the Egyptian writer and poet Rafaa El-Tahtawi. It provides a brief biography, noting that he was an early 19th century scholar and writer who studied in Paris and helped introduce important Western concepts to Egypt. The document also discusses some of El-Tahtawi's most significant works and how he worked to modernize Arabic language and spread knowledge during his lifetime.
The document discusses the global and regional context facing the contemporary Egyptian state. It notes the emergence of systemic chaos globally due to ongoing systemic changes that have disempowered states. This includes the rise of transnational forces, globalization, and new forms of antisystemic movements. The modern world system is characterized by imperial hypertrophy, the weakening of the welfare state model, and the absence of a new hegemonic world power. Regionally, the Arab world faces challenges including the weakening of states, the spread of neoliberal economic policies, high unemployment especially among youth, and increasing social tensions.
The document discusses various critical perspectives. It talks about how contemporary critical views can be a substitute for enjoying one's father. It also discusses concepts like alienation seen in works like novels. Overall, the summary discusses modern critical views and theories as well as how they relate to ideas like substituting, alienation, and enjoying one's father.
The document outlines the goals and methodology of a project. The project aims to study a particular phenomenon through multiple data collection methods. Researchers will analyze the data both qualitatively and quantitatively to develop meaningful conclusions. Study findings and recommendations will be reported to relevant stakeholders at the end of the project.
Series 48 Gujarati Vishvakosh -EncyclopediaSatpanth Dharm
Series 48 -Gujarati Encyclopedia (Vishvakosh) - A government of India funded Encyclopedia. See what it has to say about Imam Shah, Pirana Panth and Satpanth
This document discusses the art of short story writing. It notes that short stories can vary widely in form and content, and provides examples of different types of stories. The document also lists six key elements that make for a strong short story: (1) an engaging plot, (2) well-developed characters, (3) an interesting setting, (4) an element of surprise or twist, (5) economy of words, and (6) a cohesive narrative structure.
شبكه هاي عصبي مصنوعي Ann farsi [www.matlabtrainings.blogfa.com]sasanhb
1. The document discusses artificial neural networks (ANNs) including their basic components like neurons, connections between neurons, and different types of neural networks.
2. It provides details on ANN applications for problems like job shop scheduling using a neural network approach to determine the optimal sequence of jobs.
3. The document also describes the backpropagation algorithm, which is commonly used for training neural networks by calculating error terms for each neuron and updating weights to reduce overall network error.
This document provides contact information for the Conveying Islamic Message Society, including their website, email, mailing address, and phone number. It discusses several Islamic scholars and their academic credentials and areas of study. These include Dr. T.V.V. Persaud, Dr. Joe Leigh Simpson, Dr. E. Marshall Johson, Dr. William W. Hay, Dr. Gerald C. Georinger, and Tejatat Tejasen. The document advocates that science and Islam are compatible and provides the website www.islam-guide.com/science as a resource.
The document discusses the impact of globalization on the Arab world in three main points:
1. Globalization has increased economic interdependence between Arab countries and the rest of the world through increased trade and financial flows. However, it has also exposed some Arab economies to greater volatility.
2. Socially, globalization has spread Western cultural influences and values into the Arab world, especially among youth. This has led to tensions with traditional Islamic teachings.
3. Politically, globalization challenges the authority of states as people demand greater participation in decision making. Some Arab leaders have resisted reforms while others have adopted limited political liberalization to appease public demands.
The document discusses the impact of globalization on the global economy and developing countries. It notes that while globalization has increased trade and economic growth, it has also contributed to economic instability in some countries and increased inequality between and within nations. The document presents three main points:
1) Globalization has benefited developed nations and multinational corporations more than poorer countries.
2) Economic crises are now more global in scale due to increased interdependence between national economies.
3) Growing inequality is a challenge, as some segments of societies have gained from globalization while others have been negatively impacted or left behind. Overall, the document provides a balanced perspective on both the opportunities and challenges that globalization presents.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
Reimagining Your Library Space: How to Increase the Vibes in Your Library No ...Diana Rendina
Librarians are leading the way in creating future-ready citizens – now we need to update our spaces to match. In this session, attendees will get inspiration for transforming their library spaces. You’ll learn how to survey students and patrons, create a focus group, and use design thinking to brainstorm ideas for your space. We’ll discuss budget friendly ways to change your space as well as how to find funding. No matter where you’re at, you’ll find ideas for reimagining your space in this session.
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it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit InnovationTechSoup
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptxEduSkills OECD
Iván Bornacelly, Policy Analyst at the OECD Centre for Skills, OECD, presents at the webinar 'Tackling job market gaps with a skills-first approach' on 12 June 2024
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
