1. The document discusses artificial neural networks (ANNs) including their basic components like neurons, connections between neurons, and different types of neural networks. 2. It provides details on ANN applications for problems like job shop scheduling using a neural network approach to determine the optimal sequence of jobs. 3. The document also describes the backpropagation algorithm, which is commonly used for training neural networks by calculating error terms for each neuron and updating weights to reduce overall network error.

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David J. Cavuto , AN EXPLORATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF CURRENT
ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK THEORY AND APPLICATIONS WITH
EMPHASIS ON ARTIFICIAL LIFE , A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the
requirements for the degree of Master of Engineering, May 6, 1997
Baoding Liu , Introduction to Uncertain Programming, Uncertainty Theory
Laboratory , Department of Mathematical Sciences , Tsinghua University , China
, November 23, 2005
Ahmed El-Bouri, Subramaniam Balakrishnan, Neil Popplewell, Theory and
Methodology Sequencing jobs on a single machine: A neural network
approach, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering,
University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 2N2,Received 1 May
1998; accepted 1 April 1999