2. Identification Data
Presenter:- Miss. Monika
Group of students:- 65
Class:- B.Sc. Nursing 3rd
year
Duration :- 1 hr
Teaching Method:- Lecture cum discussion method
A.V. Aids :- Powerpoint Presentation
Objective:-
• Introduction to mental retardation and its definition.
• Causes of mental retardation and its treatment and prognosis to be
done.
3. S
No.
Time Specific
Objective
Content Teaching
Method
A.v.
Aids
Remarks
1. 3 min Definition “Mental Retardation refers to
significantly sub-average general
intellectual functioning resulting in
or associated with concurrent
impairments in adaptive behaviour
and manifested during the
developmental period” (American
Association on Mental Deficiency,
1983).
General intellectual functioning is
defined as the result obtained by
the administration of standardized
general intelligence tests
developed for the purpose, and
adopted to the conditions of the
region/country.
Lecture cum
Discussion
Method
Powerpoint
Presentation
4. S
No.
Time Specific
Objective
Content Teaching
Method
A.v.
Aids
Remarks
Significant subaverage is defined
as an Intelligent Quotient (IQ) of
70 or below on standardized
measures of intelligence. The
upper limit is intended as a
guideline and could be extended
to 75 or more, depending on the
reliability pf the intelligence test
used.
Adaptive behaviour is defined as
the degrees with which the
individual meets the standards of
personal independence and social
responsibility expected of his age
and cultural group.
Lecture cum
Discussion
Method
Powerpoint
Presentation
5. S
No.
Time Specific
Objective
Content Teaching
Method
A.v.
Aids
Remarks
2.
3.
1 min
5 min
Epidemiology
Etiology
About 3% of the world population
Is estimated to be mentally
retarded. In India, 5 out of 1000
children are mentally retarded.
Mental Retardation is more
common in boys than girls. With
severe and profound mental
retardation, mortality is high due
to associated physical diseases.
Genetic Factors:
• Chromosomal Abnormalities
• Metabolic Disorders
• Cranial Malformations
• Gross diseases of brain
Lecture cum
Discussion
Method
Powerpoint
Presentation
6. S
No.
Time Specific
Objective
Content Teaching
Method
A.v.
Aids
Remarks
Prenatal Factors:
• Infections
• Endocrine disorders
• Physical damage and
disorders
• Intoxications
• Placental dysfunction
Perinatal Factors :
• Birth asphyxia
• Prolonged or difficult birth
• Prematurity (due to
complications)
• Kernicterus
• Instrumental delivery
Lecture cum
Discussion
Method
Powerpoint
Presentation
8. S
No.
Time Specific
Objective
Content Teaching
Method
A.v.
Aids
Remarks
4.
5.
1 min
4 min
Classification
Behavioural
Manifestations
Intelligence quotient (IQ) is the
ratio between mental age (MA)
and chronological age is
determined from the date of
birth, mental age is determined
by intelligence tests.
Mild retardation (IQ 50-70) :
This is commonest type of
mental retardation accounting for
85-90% of all cases. These
individuals have minimum
retardation in sensory-motor
areas.
Lecture cum
Discussion
Method
Powerpoint
Presentation
9. S
No.
Time Specific
Objective
Content Teaching
Method
A.v.
Aids
Remarks
Moderate retardation (IQ 35-50):
About 10% of mentally retarded
come under this group.
Severe retardation (IQ 20-35):
Severe mental retardation is often
recognized early in life with poor
motor development and absent or
markedly delayed speech and
communication skills.
Profound retardation (IQ below
20):
This group accounts for 1-2% of all
mentally retarded. The
achievement of developmental
Lecture cum
Discussion
Method
Powerpoint
Presentation
10. S
No.
Time Specific
Objective
Content Teaching
Method
A.v.
Aids
Remarks
6. 2 min
Sign and
symptoms
milestones is markedly delayed.
They require constant nursing care
and supervision. Associated
physical disorders are common.
• Failure to achieve
developmental milestones.
• Deficiencies in cognitive
functioning such as inability
to follow commands or
directions.
• Reduced ability to learn or to
meet academic demands.
• Expressive or receptive
language problems.
Lecture cum
Discussion
Method
Powerpoint
Presentation
11. S
No.
Time Specific
Objective
Content Teaching
Method
A.v.
Aids
Remarks
• Psychomotor skill deficits
• Difficulty performing self-care
activities
• Neurologic impairments
• Medical problems, such as
seizures
• Low self-esteem, depression
and labile moods
• Irritability when frustrated or
upset
• Acting-out behavior
• Lack of curiosity.
Lecture cum
Discussion
Method
Powerpoint
Presentation
12. S
No.
Time Specific
Objective
Content Teaching
Method
A.v.
Aids
Remarks
6. 3 min Diagnosis • History collection from
parents and care takers.
• Physical Examination
• Neurological examination
• Assessing milestones
development
• Urine and blood examination
for metabolic disorders
• Culture for cytogenic and
biochemical studies
• Amniocentesis in infant
chromosomal disorders
• Chorionic villi sampling
• Hearing and speech
evaluation
Powerpoint
Presentation
13. S
No.
Time Specific
Objective
Content Teaching
Method
A.v.
Aids
Remarks
7.
8.
2 min
2 min
Prognosis
Treatment
Modalities
The prognosis for children with
mental retardation has improved
and institutional care is no longer
done. These children are
mainstreamed whenever feasible
and are taught survival skills.
• Behaviour Management
• Environmental Supervision
• Monitoring the child’s
development needs and
problems
• Ongoing evaluation for
overlapping psychiatric
problems.
t Powerpoint
Presentation
14. S
No.
Time Specific
Objective
Content Teaching
Method
A.v.
Aids
Remarks
9.
10.
2 min
5 min
Preventions
Nursing
Management
Primary Prevention:-
• Preconception
• During gestation
• At delivery
• Childhood
Secondary Prevention
Tertiary Prevention
Assessment of infant in early
stage is done with in regards to
behavioural traits.
Interventions as per the needs
of patient are done.
Lecture cum
Discussion
Method
Powerpoint
Presentation
15. S
No.
Time Specific
Objective
Content Teaching
Method
A.v.
Aids
Remarks
11. 2 min Conclusion Mental Retardation usually refers
to the significantly sub-average
general intellectual functioning
resulting of impairments.
In this chapter, the discussion was
all about mentally retarded
patients and what preventions and
prognosis that can be done to
prevent patient’s condition back
to general one.
Lecture cum
Discussion
Method
Powerpoint
Presentation
16. S
No.
Time Specific
Objective
Content Teaching
Method
A.v.
Aids
Remarks
12. 2 min Summary In this chapter, we have studied
about mental retardation and
discussed about the following
topics:-
• Introduction
• Definition
• Epidemiology
• Etiology
• Classification
• Behavioural Manifestations
• Sign and Symptoms
• Diagnosis
• Prognosis
• Treatment Modalities
• Preventions
• Nursing Management
Lecture cum
Discussion
Method
Powerpoint
Presentation
