The document discusses writing equations of parallel and perpendicular lines, including identifying whether lines are parallel or perpendicular based on their slopes. It provides examples of writing equations of parallel and perpendicular lines given a point and the slope or line of another line. Guidance problems are also included to practice these skills.

1. Parallel and Perpendicular
Lines (Equations)
Section 5.5
P. 319

2. Key Concept (and its converse)
If two nonvertical lines in the same plane
have the same slope, then they are
parallel. (from Chpt.4)
If two nonvertical lines in the same plane
are parallel, then they have the same
slope.

3. EXAMPLE 1 Write an equation of a parallel line
Write an equation of the line that passes through (–3,–5)
and is parallel to the line y = 3x – 1.
SOLUTION
STEP 1
Identify the slope. The graph of the given equation
has a slope of 3. So, the parallel line through (– 3, – 5)
has a slope of 3.
STEP 2
Find the y-intercept. Use the slope and the given point.

4. EXAMPLE 1 Write an equation of a parallel line
y = mx + b Write slope-intercept form.
– 5 = 3(– 3) + b Substitute 3 for m, 23 for x, and 25 for y.
4=b Solve for b.
STEP 3
Write an equation. Use y = mx + b.
y = 3x + 4 Substitute 3 for m and 4 for b.

5. GUIDED PRACTICE for Example 1
1. Write an equation of the line that passes through
(–2, 11) and is parallel to the line y = – x + 5.
SOLUTION
STEP 1
Identify the slope. The graph of the given equation
has a slope of – 1.So, the parallel line through (– 2, 11)
has a slope of – 1.
STEP 2
Find the y-intercept. Use the slope and the given point.

6. GUIDED PRACTICE for Example 1
y = mx + b Write slope-intercept form.
11 = (–1 )(– 2) + b Substitute 11 for y, – 1 for m, and – 2 for x.
9=b Solve for b.
STEP 3
Write an equation. Use y = m x + b.
y =–x+9 Substitute – 1 for m and 9 for b.

7. Key Concept
If two nonvertical lines in the same plane
have slopes that are negative
reciprocals, then the lines are
perpendicular.
If two nonvertical lines in the same plane
are perpendicular, then their slope are
negative reciprocals.

8. • Here is an example of two lines that ARE
perpendicular:
y = - 4x + 6
y=¼x -3
Note: ¼ and -4 are negative reciprocals

9. EXAMPLE 4 Write an equation of a perpendicular line
Write an equation of the line that passes through
(4, – 5) and is perpendicular to the line y = 2x + 3.
SOLUTION
STEP 1
Identify the slope. The graph of the given equation
has a slope of 2. Because the slopes of perpendicular
lines are negative reciprocals, the slope of the
perpendicular line through (4, –5) is –1 .
2

10. EXAMPLE 4 Write an equation of a perpendicular line
STEP 2 Find the y-intercept. Use the slope and the
given point.
y = mx + b Write slope-intercept form.
1
– 5 = – 1 (4) + b Substitute – for m, 4 for x, and
2
2 – 5 for y.
–3= b Solve for b.
STEP 3 Write an equation.
y=mx+b Write slope-intercept form.
1 1
y= – 2x – 3 Substitute – for m and – 3 for b.
2

11. GUIDED PRACTICE for Examples 3 and 4
3. Is line “a” perpendicular to line “b”? Justify your
answer using slopes
Line a: 2y + x = – 12
Line b: 2y = 3x – 8
SOLUTION
Find the slopes of the lines. Write the equations in
slope-intercept form.
Line a: 2y + x = 12 Line b: 2y = 3x -8
1 y = 3/2x -4
y=– x–6
2

12. EXAMPLE 2 Determine whether lines are parallel or perpendicular
Determine which lines, if any, are parallel or
perpendicular.
Line a: y = 5x – 3
Line b: x +5y = 2
Line c: –10y – 2x = 0
SOLUTION
Find the slopes of the lines.
Line a: The equation is in slope-intercept form.
The slope is 5.
Write the equations for lines b and c in slope-
intercept form.

13. EXAMPLE 2 Determine whether lines are parallel or perpendicular
Line b: x + 5y = 2
5y = – x + 2
–1 x 2
y=
5 + 5
Line c: – 10y – 2x = 0
– 10y = 2x
1
y= – 5x

14. EXAMPLE 2 Determine whether lines are parallel or perpendicular
ANSWER
Lines b and c have slopes of – 1 , so they are
5
parallel. Line a has a slope of 5, the negative reciprocal
of – 1 , so it is perpendicular to lines b and c.
5

15. GUIDED PRACTICE for Example 2
Determine which lines, if any, are parallel or
perpendicular.
Line a: 2x + 6y = – 3
Line b: 3x – 8 = y
Line c: –1.5y + 4.5x = 6
Find the slopes of the lines.
Line a: 2x + 6y = – 3
6y = –2x – 3
y= – 1x – 1
3 2

16. GUIDED PRACTICE for Example 2
Line b: 3x – 8 = y
Line c: –1.5y + 4.5x = 6
– 1.5y = 4.5x – 6
y = 3x – 4
Lines b and c have slopes of 3, so they are parallel. Line
a has a slope of – 1 , the negative reciprocal
3
of 3, so it is perpendicular to lines b and c.

17. Assignment:
• P. 322 1, 2, 6-8, 12-14, 18-20, 32

18. • Things to study for the test
• Sections 5.1 – 5.5 (omit 5.3)
• Write an equation in slope-intercept form given
the slope and y –int
• Write an equation in slope-intercept form given
the graph or two points
• Standard Form – given two points
• Parallel Lines – write equations
• Perpendicular Lines – write equations