Linux merupakan sistem operasi berbasis UNIX yang dikembangkan oleh Linus Torvalds sejak 1991. Linux hadir dalam berbagai distribusi dan mendukung beragam perangkat keras. Linux memiliki perintah dasar yang mirip UNIX untuk mengelola file, paket aplikasi, dan pengguna sistem.
The document discusses Linux file systems. It begins with an overview of file system architecture, including inodes, dentries, superblocks, and how data is never erased but overwritten. It then covers various local file systems like Ext2, Ext3, Ext4, ReiserFS, and XFS. Next it discusses log-structured and pseudo file systems. It also covers network file systems like NFS and CIFS. Finally it summarizes cluster, distributed, and Hadoop file systems. The document provides a technical overview of Linux file system types, structures, features and capabilities.
This document discusses shells and shell scripting in Linux. It provides information on common Linux shells like Bash, Bourne shell, C shell, etc. It describes the basic functions of shells like command interpretation, I/O redirection, variables, parameters and more. Shell scripts allow automating tasks and complex series of commands. The document also covers shell script basics, special parameters, variables, I/O redirection operators and more shell scripting concepts.
The document provides descriptions of various Linux commands for basic usage and pentesting. It describes commands for making directories (mkdir), deleting empty directories (rmdir), viewing processes (ps), checking username (whoami), checking disk space (df), displaying date and time (date), checking connectivity (ping), downloading files (wget), looking up domain registration records (whois), navigating directories (cd), listing directory contents (ls), displaying command manuals (man), displaying text files (cat), copying files (cp), moving and renaming files (mv), removing files and directories (rm), creating empty files (touch), searching files (grep), using administrative privileges (sudo), viewing start of files (head), viewing end of files (
The document provides an overview of Logical Volume Management (LVM) in Linux. It discusses what LVM is, its main components like physical volumes, volume groups, logical volumes, and how they relate. It then gives steps to use LVM by creating a physical volume, volume group and logical volume. It also discusses how LVM allows expanding logical volumes and live resizing of file systems.
This document provides an overview of useful commands for Ubuntu Linux, beginning with basic Linux commands and how to get help or more information on commands. It then covers managing software, important keyboard shortcuts, history commands, redirecting input/output, using aliases and environment variables. Additional sections discuss commands for working as a user, such as editing text, searching files, sorting output and more. The document concludes with commands for system administration, including working with partitions, processes, resources, and network interface cards.
The document provides an overview of basic Linux commands organized into categories such as file handling, text processing, system administration, process management, archival, network, file systems, and advanced commands. It describes the purpose and usage of common commands like ls, cd, cp, grep, kill, tar, ssh, mount, and more. It also lists resources for learning Linux commands like man pages, books, and the internet.
The document discusses the history and advantages of Linux compared to other operating systems like Windows, DOS and UNIX. It explains how the GNU project was started to develop a free and open source UNIX-like operating system. It then describes how Linus Torvalds developed the initial Linux kernel in 1991 building on the work of the GNU project. It highlights some key advantages of Linux like high security, many available tools and the flexibility of the environment. It also provides a brief overview of some common Linux components like the kernel, shells, KDE/GNOME desktop environments and the directory structure.
This document provides an overview of basic Linux commands, including man for accessing manual pages, ls for listing directory contents, mkdir for creating directories, cd for changing directories, pwd for printing the working directory, and ~ for accessing the home directory. It also covers commands for copying, moving, removing files, clearing the screen, viewing file contents, searching within files, counting words, piping commands together, using wildcards, and changing file permissions with chmod. The document encourages learning through manual pages and understanding error messages.
The document discusses Linux file systems. It begins with an overview of file system architecture, including inodes, dentries, superblocks, and how data is never erased but overwritten. It then covers various local file systems like Ext2, Ext3, Ext4, ReiserFS, and XFS. Next it discusses log-structured and pseudo file systems. It also covers network file systems like NFS and CIFS. Finally it summarizes cluster, distributed, and Hadoop file systems. The document provides a technical overview of Linux file system types, structures, features and capabilities.
This document discusses shells and shell scripting in Linux. It provides information on common Linux shells like Bash, Bourne shell, C shell, etc. It describes the basic functions of shells like command interpretation, I/O redirection, variables, parameters and more. Shell scripts allow automating tasks and complex series of commands. The document also covers shell script basics, special parameters, variables, I/O redirection operators and more shell scripting concepts.
The document provides descriptions of various Linux commands for basic usage and pentesting. It describes commands for making directories (mkdir), deleting empty directories (rmdir), viewing processes (ps), checking username (whoami), checking disk space (df), displaying date and time (date), checking connectivity (ping), downloading files (wget), looking up domain registration records (whois), navigating directories (cd), listing directory contents (ls), displaying command manuals (man), displaying text files (cat), copying files (cp), moving and renaming files (mv), removing files and directories (rm), creating empty files (touch), searching files (grep), using administrative privileges (sudo), viewing start of files (head), viewing end of files (
The document provides an overview of Logical Volume Management (LVM) in Linux. It discusses what LVM is, its main components like physical volumes, volume groups, logical volumes, and how they relate. It then gives steps to use LVM by creating a physical volume, volume group and logical volume. It also discusses how LVM allows expanding logical volumes and live resizing of file systems.
This document provides an overview of useful commands for Ubuntu Linux, beginning with basic Linux commands and how to get help or more information on commands. It then covers managing software, important keyboard shortcuts, history commands, redirecting input/output, using aliases and environment variables. Additional sections discuss commands for working as a user, such as editing text, searching files, sorting output and more. The document concludes with commands for system administration, including working with partitions, processes, resources, and network interface cards.
The document provides an overview of basic Linux commands organized into categories such as file handling, text processing, system administration, process management, archival, network, file systems, and advanced commands. It describes the purpose and usage of common commands like ls, cd, cp, grep, kill, tar, ssh, mount, and more. It also lists resources for learning Linux commands like man pages, books, and the internet.
The document discusses the history and advantages of Linux compared to other operating systems like Windows, DOS and UNIX. It explains how the GNU project was started to develop a free and open source UNIX-like operating system. It then describes how Linus Torvalds developed the initial Linux kernel in 1991 building on the work of the GNU project. It highlights some key advantages of Linux like high security, many available tools and the flexibility of the environment. It also provides a brief overview of some common Linux components like the kernel, shells, KDE/GNOME desktop environments and the directory structure.
This document provides an overview of basic Linux commands, including man for accessing manual pages, ls for listing directory contents, mkdir for creating directories, cd for changing directories, pwd for printing the working directory, and ~ for accessing the home directory. It also covers commands for copying, moving, removing files, clearing the screen, viewing file contents, searching within files, counting words, piping commands together, using wildcards, and changing file permissions with chmod. The document encourages learning through manual pages and understanding error messages.
Este documento introduce LDAP y OpenLDAP. Explica qué es LDAP y sus implementaciones, incluyendo OpenLDAP. Detalla cómo instalar y configurar OpenLDAP, gestionar datos, realizar configuraciones avanzadas como replicación, cifrado y control de accesos. También cubre la integración de OpenLDAP con servicios como PAM, Postfix y desarrollos mediante Perl.
Systemd is a system and service manager that replaces sysvinit. It manages services, devices, mounts and other system components. It relies on control groups (cgroups) to isolate and manage processes and resources for each service. Services are configured through declarative unit files instead of shell scripts. Systemd provides features like socket activation, timers, and integrates with journald for logging.
I have tried my best to describe Samba Server through this PPT. I hope you guys will love this and this ppt will be helpful for you all.
Thanks,
Veeral Arora
Video: http://joyent.com/blog/linux-performance-analysis-and-tools-brendan-gregg-s-talk-at-scale-11x ; This talk for SCaLE11x covers system performance analysis methodologies and the Linux tools to support them, so that you can get the most out of your systems and solve performance issues quickly. This includes a wide variety of tools, including basics like top(1), advanced tools like perf, and new tools like the DTrace for Linux prototypes.
This document is a presentation on introducing Linux shell scripting. It begins by stating that the talk is aimed at those who can open a terminal and type commands. It then outlines what will be covered, including basic shell commands, combining commands, creating simple scripts, and using cron for automation. The document provides examples of commands for files, disks, processes, and networks. It also demonstrates how to combine commands using pipes and redirection. Finally, it shows how to create simple scripts and discusses using cron for automation.
This document provides an introduction and overview of LDAP (Lightweight Directory Access Protocol) and directory services. It discusses what a directory service is, the evolution and architecture of LDAP from X.500, common directory server implementations like OpenLDAP, basic LDAP concepts including objects, attributes, and the directory information tree structure, common operations like search and bind, and tools for working with LDAP.
The document provides an overview of common Linux commands organized into categories, with brief explanations of each command. It covers commands for working with files and directories (ls, cd, cp, rm), processes (ps, top, kill), networking (ping, ifconfig), file archiving and compression (tar, gzip), and more. It also lists important directories in the Linux file system such as /bin, /usr/bin, /etc, and directories under /usr.
The document summarizes the standard directory structure and purposes of the main directories in a Linux file system. The root directory (/) contains all other directories and files on the system. Key directories include /bin for essential executable binaries, /dev for device files, /etc for system configuration files, /home for user files, /lib for shared libraries, /sbin for system administration binaries, /tmp for temporary files, /usr for user programs and documentation, and /var for files that change frequently like logs.
This document provides an overview of shell programming basics. It covers topics such as basic system commands like ls, cp, and rm; useful operations like wildcards and input/output redirection; shell variables; command substitution; decision making and loops; and other features like comments and head/tail utilities. The goal of the document is to introduce the reader to the core components of shell scripting.
One of the most basic networking courses is provided by Cisco Systems via the Cisco Networking Academy.
The academy provides a comprehensive program allowing students to get started in information technology and have multiple certifications.
Cisco created academies in 9,000 learning institutions spread across more than 170 countries that offer the Cisco Networking Academy curriculum.
The Associate level of Cisco Certifications can begin directly with CCNA for network installation, operations and troubleshooting or CCDA for network design. Think of the Associate Level as the foundation level of networking certification.
Find me on:
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http://www.afcit.xyz
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https://www.academia.edu/
Google Scholar
https://scholar.google.com.eg/citations?user=r07tjocAAAAJ&hl=en
Mendelay
https://www.mendeley.com/profiles/ahmed-gad12/
ORCID
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1978-8574
StackOverFlow
http://stackoverflow.com/users/5426539/ahmed-gad
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Server operating system is very important for clients and companies. So to know about which one you should choose based on the requirement is a important factor. So in this slide we covered the top server operating systems leading the market.
Testing a network design is important to:
1) Verify that key business and technical goals are met;
2) Validate technology and device selections; and
3) Identify any bottlenecks or connectivity problems.
What is Linux?
Command-line Interface, Shell & BASH
Popular commands
File Permissions and Owners
Installing programs
Piping and Scripting
Variables
Common applications in bioinformatics
Conclusion
Linux is an open source operating system based on UNIX. It was created by Linus Torvalds to provide a free alternative to UNIX. Linux has many distributions including Ubuntu, CentOS, and Fedora. It has advantages like being free, portable, secure, and scalable. However, it can be confusing for beginners due to many distributions and frequent updates. The document then discusses Linux file systems, permissions, ownership, and basic commands.
The document provides an overview of the Red Hat Certified Engineer certification courses, including the objectives and topics covered in each course. The first course, RH033 Red Hat Linux Essentials, covers basic Linux commands, file navigation, text editing, and administration. The second course, RH133 Red Hat System Administration, focuses on system installation, hardware administration, users/groups, and networking. The third course, RH253 Red Hat Networking and Security Administration, teaches network services configuration and security topics.
The document discusses block drivers in Linux. It covers the need for the block layer, decoding block devices, writing a block driver, driver registration, block device operations, and request queues. Key aspects covered include registering a block device driver, implementing required functions like open and close, managing request queues and processing I/O requests to read from and write to the device. An example RAM disk driver is presented to demonstrate writing a basic block driver.
Introduction to users and groups in Linux. We will explore how to set user expiry information and force user password change after certain period of time. We will be also providing different permission to users and groups and restricting users and groups operations using sudoers file
Este documento introduce LDAP y OpenLDAP. Explica qué es LDAP y sus implementaciones, incluyendo OpenLDAP. Detalla cómo instalar y configurar OpenLDAP, gestionar datos, realizar configuraciones avanzadas como replicación, cifrado y control de accesos. También cubre la integración de OpenLDAP con servicios como PAM, Postfix y desarrollos mediante Perl.
Systemd is a system and service manager that replaces sysvinit. It manages services, devices, mounts and other system components. It relies on control groups (cgroups) to isolate and manage processes and resources for each service. Services are configured through declarative unit files instead of shell scripts. Systemd provides features like socket activation, timers, and integrates with journald for logging.
I have tried my best to describe Samba Server through this PPT. I hope you guys will love this and this ppt will be helpful for you all.
Thanks,
Veeral Arora
Video: http://joyent.com/blog/linux-performance-analysis-and-tools-brendan-gregg-s-talk-at-scale-11x ; This talk for SCaLE11x covers system performance analysis methodologies and the Linux tools to support them, so that you can get the most out of your systems and solve performance issues quickly. This includes a wide variety of tools, including basics like top(1), advanced tools like perf, and new tools like the DTrace for Linux prototypes.
This document is a presentation on introducing Linux shell scripting. It begins by stating that the talk is aimed at those who can open a terminal and type commands. It then outlines what will be covered, including basic shell commands, combining commands, creating simple scripts, and using cron for automation. The document provides examples of commands for files, disks, processes, and networks. It also demonstrates how to combine commands using pipes and redirection. Finally, it shows how to create simple scripts and discusses using cron for automation.
This document provides an introduction and overview of LDAP (Lightweight Directory Access Protocol) and directory services. It discusses what a directory service is, the evolution and architecture of LDAP from X.500, common directory server implementations like OpenLDAP, basic LDAP concepts including objects, attributes, and the directory information tree structure, common operations like search and bind, and tools for working with LDAP.
The document provides an overview of common Linux commands organized into categories, with brief explanations of each command. It covers commands for working with files and directories (ls, cd, cp, rm), processes (ps, top, kill), networking (ping, ifconfig), file archiving and compression (tar, gzip), and more. It also lists important directories in the Linux file system such as /bin, /usr/bin, /etc, and directories under /usr.
The document summarizes the standard directory structure and purposes of the main directories in a Linux file system. The root directory (/) contains all other directories and files on the system. Key directories include /bin for essential executable binaries, /dev for device files, /etc for system configuration files, /home for user files, /lib for shared libraries, /sbin for system administration binaries, /tmp for temporary files, /usr for user programs and documentation, and /var for files that change frequently like logs.
This document provides an overview of shell programming basics. It covers topics such as basic system commands like ls, cp, and rm; useful operations like wildcards and input/output redirection; shell variables; command substitution; decision making and loops; and other features like comments and head/tail utilities. The goal of the document is to introduce the reader to the core components of shell scripting.
One of the most basic networking courses is provided by Cisco Systems via the Cisco Networking Academy.
The academy provides a comprehensive program allowing students to get started in information technology and have multiple certifications.
Cisco created academies in 9,000 learning institutions spread across more than 170 countries that offer the Cisco Networking Academy curriculum.
The Associate level of Cisco Certifications can begin directly with CCNA for network installation, operations and troubleshooting or CCDA for network design. Think of the Associate Level as the foundation level of networking certification.
Find me on:
AFCIT
http://www.afcit.xyz
YouTube
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCuewOYbBXH5gwhfOrQOZOdw
Google Plus
https://plus.google.com/u/0/+AhmedGadIT
SlideShare
https://www.slideshare.net/AhmedGadFCIT
LinkedIn
https://www.linkedin.com/in/ahmedfgad/
ResearchGate
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ahmed_Gad13
Academia
https://www.academia.edu/
Google Scholar
https://scholar.google.com.eg/citations?user=r07tjocAAAAJ&hl=en
Mendelay
https://www.mendeley.com/profiles/ahmed-gad12/
ORCID
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1978-8574
StackOverFlow
http://stackoverflow.com/users/5426539/ahmed-gad
Twitter
https://twitter.com/ahmedfgad
Facebook
https://www.facebook.com/ahmed.f.gadd
Pinterest
https://www.pinterest.com/ahmedfgad/
Server operating system is very important for clients and companies. So to know about which one you should choose based on the requirement is a important factor. So in this slide we covered the top server operating systems leading the market.
Testing a network design is important to:
1) Verify that key business and technical goals are met;
2) Validate technology and device selections; and
3) Identify any bottlenecks or connectivity problems.
What is Linux?
Command-line Interface, Shell & BASH
Popular commands
File Permissions and Owners
Installing programs
Piping and Scripting
Variables
Common applications in bioinformatics
Conclusion
Linux is an open source operating system based on UNIX. It was created by Linus Torvalds to provide a free alternative to UNIX. Linux has many distributions including Ubuntu, CentOS, and Fedora. It has advantages like being free, portable, secure, and scalable. However, it can be confusing for beginners due to many distributions and frequent updates. The document then discusses Linux file systems, permissions, ownership, and basic commands.
The document provides an overview of the Red Hat Certified Engineer certification courses, including the objectives and topics covered in each course. The first course, RH033 Red Hat Linux Essentials, covers basic Linux commands, file navigation, text editing, and administration. The second course, RH133 Red Hat System Administration, focuses on system installation, hardware administration, users/groups, and networking. The third course, RH253 Red Hat Networking and Security Administration, teaches network services configuration and security topics.
The document discusses block drivers in Linux. It covers the need for the block layer, decoding block devices, writing a block driver, driver registration, block device operations, and request queues. Key aspects covered include registering a block device driver, implementing required functions like open and close, managing request queues and processing I/O requests to read from and write to the device. An example RAM disk driver is presented to demonstrate writing a basic block driver.
Introduction to users and groups in Linux. We will explore how to set user expiry information and force user password change after certain period of time. We will be also providing different permission to users and groups and restricting users and groups operations using sudoers file
Modul ini membahas tentang instalasi dan konfigurasi Linux. Terdiri dari tujuan praktikum yaitu memahami instalasi Linux CentOS, perintah dasar Linux, dan konfigurasi jaringan. Juga terdapat tugas pendahuluan mengenai distro Linux, struktur direktori Linux, file permission, dan perintah dasar Linux beserta fungsinya.
Linux adalah sistem operasi open source yang diperkenalkan oleh Linus Torvalds pada 1991. Linux terdiri dari kernel, shell/system library, dan aplikasi. Struktur direktori utama Linux meliputi /, /bin, /usr, /home, dan lainnya. Perintah dasar Linux antara lain adduser, cp, cd, ls, dan shutdown.
Dokumen tersebut membahas pengenalan dasar tentang sistem operasi Linux, meliputi jenis desktop Linux, distribusi Linux populer, struktur direktori Linux, sistem file Linux, dan perintah dasar Linux."
Ringkasan dokumen tersebut adalah:
Linux adalah sistem operasi terbuka sumber yang dikembangkan oleh Linus Torvalds pada 1991 dan dapat didistribusikan secara gratis berdasarkan lisensi GNU GPL. Linux digunakan secara luas pada server dan komputer desktop di Martha Tilaar Group.
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang Linux dan remastering. Linux adalah sistem operasi open source yang dikembangkan oleh Linus Torvald sejak 1991. Remastering adalah proses membuat distro baru berbasis distro Linux yang ada dengan menambah atau mengurangi program dan fitur."
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang sistem operasi Linux dan GNU. Linux dikembangkan oleh Linus Torvalds pada 1991 sebagai proyek hobi dan dirilis pada 1994. GNU adalah proyek yang menghasilkan berbagai perangkat lunak bebas yang membentuk sistem operasi bebas. Linux dan GNU membentuk sistem operasi GNU/Linux yang bebas dan terbuka.
Ppt landasan pendidikan Pai 9 _20240604_231000_0000.pdffadlurrahman260903
Ppt landasan pendidikan tentang pendidikan seumur hidup.
Prodi pendidikan agama Islam
Fakultas tarbiyah dan ilmu keguruan
Universitas Islam negeri syekh Ali Hasan Ahmad addary Padangsidimpuan
Pendidikan sepanjang hayat atau pendidikan seumur hidup adalah sebuah system konsepkonsep pendidikan yang menerangkan keseluruhan peristiwa-peristiwa kegiatan belajarmengajar yang berlangsung dalam keseluruhan kehidupan manusia. Pendidikan sepanjang
hayat memandang jauh ke depan, berusaha untuk menghasilkan manusia dan masyarakat yang
baru, merupakan suatu proyek masyarakat yang sangat besar. Pendidikan sepanjang hayat
merupakan asas pendidikan yang cocok bagi orang-orang yang hidup dalam dunia
transformasi dan informasi, yaitu masyarakat modern. Manusia harus lebih bisa menyesuaikan
dirinya secara terus menerus dengan situasi yang baru.
Modul Ajar Bahasa Indonesia Kelas 7 Fase D Kurikulum Merdeka - [abdiera.com]Fathan Emran
Modul Ajar Bahasa Indonesia Kelas 7 SMP/MTs Fase D Kurikulum Merdeka - abdiera.com. Modul Ajar Bahasa Indonesia Kelas 7 SMP/MTs Fase D Kurikulum Merdeka. Modul Ajar Bahasa Indonesia Kelas 7 SMP/MTs Fase D Kurikulum Merdeka. Modul Ajar Bahasa Indonesia Kelas 7 SMP/MTs Fase D Kurikulum Merdeka. Modul Ajar Bahasa Indonesia Kelas 7 SMP/MTs Fase D Kurikulum Merdeka. Modul Ajar Bahasa Indonesia Kelas 7 SMP/MTs Fase D Kurikulum Merdeka.
Modul Ajar Matematika Kelas 11 Fase F Kurikulum MerdekaFathan Emran
Modul Ajar Matematika Kelas 11 SMA/MA Fase F Kurikulum Merdeka - abdiera.com. Modul Ajar Matematika Kelas 11 SMA/MA Fase F Kurikulum Merdeka. Modul Ajar Matematika Kelas 11 SMA/MA Fase F Kurikulum Merdeka. Modul Ajar Matematika Kelas 11 SMA/MA Fase F Kurikulum Merdeka. Modul Ajar Matematika Kelas 11 SMA/MA Fase F Kurikulum Merdeka.
Universitas Negeri Jakarta banyak melahirkan tokoh pendidikan yang memiliki pengaruh didunia pendidikan. Beberapa diantaranya ada didalam file presentasi
Paper ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pencemaran udara akibat pabrik aspal. Analisis ini akan fokus pada emisi udara yang dihasilkan oleh pabrik aspal, dampak kesehatan dan lingkungan dari emisi tersebut, dan upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk mengurangi pencemaran udara
2. SEJARAH LINUX
• Awalnya dibuat oleh mahasiswa Finladia yang bernama : Linus
Tovalds
• Inspirasi dari MINIX yaitu sistem UNIX kecil yang dikembangkan
oleh Andrew Tanenbaum.
• Agustus 1991 keluar LINUX versi 0.01
• 5 Oktober 1991, Linus mengumumkan versi resmi LINUX yaitu
versi 0.02 yang hanya dapat dijalankan SHELL BASH (GNU Bourne
Again Shell) dan GCC (GNU C compiler).
• Saat ini LINUX adalah sistem UNIX yang sangat lengkap, bisa
digunakan untuk jaringan, pengembangan software, dan bahkan
untuk pekerjaan sehari-hari.
• LINUX bisa diperoleh dalam berbagai distribusi (sering disebut
DISTRO).
• DISTRO adalah bundel dari kernel LINUX, beserta sistem dasar
LINUX, program instalasi, tools basic dan program-program lain
yang bermanfaat sesuai dengan tujuan pembuatan DISTRO.
3. Linux 0.01 (14 Mei 1991) 1st publish
• Hanya dapat berjalan pada prosessor Intel kompatibel-80386 dan pada
hardware PC
• Mempunyai device-driver support yang terbatas
• Sistem berkas yg didukung hanya Minix
Linux 1.0 (Maret 1994)
• Mendukung protokol standar jaringan TCP/IP
• Memiliki sistem berkas yang lebih baik tanpa batasan batasan Minix
• Support for a range of SCSI controllers for high-performance
• disk access
• Extra hardware support
Linux 1.2 (Maret 1995) versi terakhir PC-only
4. Linux 2.0 (Juni 1996)
• Mendukung multiple architecture & multiprocessor architecture
• Improved memory-management code
• Improved TCP/IP performance
• Mendukung internal kernel threads, penanganan dependency antara
modul-modul loadable, dan loading otomatis berdasarkan permintaan (on
demand).
• Standardisasi interface konfigurasi
5. Distribusi Linux
• RedHat ; distribusi yang paling populer. Merupakan distribusi pertama
yang diinstalasi dan pengoperasiannya mudah.
• Debian ; distribusi yang mengutamakan kestabilan dan kehandalan
mengorbankan aspek kemudahan dan kemutakhiran program.
• Slackware ; merupakan distribusi yang pernah merajai dunia LINUX.
Pada distro slackware, semua isinya adalah sudah teruji dan dianjurkan
untuk menginstal dari source sehingga setiap program yang diinstall
teroptimasi dengan sistem.
• SuSe ; merupakan distribusi pertama yang instalasinya dapat
menggunakan bahasa Indonesia.
• Mandrake ; merupakan varian distro RedHAt yang dioptimasi untuk
pentium
• WinLinux ; distro yang dirancang untuk diinstall diatas partisi DOS
(WINDOWS). WinLinux dibuat seakan-akan merupakan suatu program
aplikasi under windows.
• Dan masih banyak lagi; misalnya Ubuntu, .....
6. Linux
• UNIX Based (Multics Project)
• Open Source
• Dikenalkan oleh Linus Torvald dan Richard
Stallman (Pendiri GNU)
• Logonya penguin bernama Tux
7.
8. Struktur Directory Linux
Direktori root Linux memiliki beberapa direktori yang merupakan standar
direktori pada banyak distro Linux. Direktori-direktori tersebut antara lain :
• /bin berisi file-file binary standar yang dapat digunakan oleh seluruh user
baik user biasa maupun super user
• /boot berisi file-file yang digunakan untuk booting Linux termasuk kernel
image
• /dev berisi file system khusus yang merupakan refleksi device hard-ware
yang dikenali dan digunakan sistem
• /etc berisi file-file konfigurasi sistem, biasanya hanya boleh diubah oleh
super user
• /home berisi direktori-direktori yang merupakan direktori home untuk
user biasa dan aplikasi tertentu
• /lib berisi file-file library yang digunakan untuk mendukung kerja kernel
Linux
9. • /mnt direktori khusus yang disediakan untuk mounting (mengaitkan)
device disk storage ke sistem dalam bentuk direktori
• /proc berisi file system khusus yang menunjukkan data-data kernel se-tiap
saat
• /root direktori home untuk user root (user khusus dengan priviledges
hampir tak terbatas)
• /sbin sama seperti direktori bin, tetapi hanya super user yang se-baiknya
menggunakan binary- binary tersebut mengingat fungsi-fungsi binary yang
terdapat di direktori ini untuk maintenance sistem
• /tmp berisi file-file sementara yang dibutuhkan sebuah aplikasi yang
sedang berjalan
• /usr berisi library, binary, dokumentasi dan file lainnya hasil instalasi user
• /var berisi file-file log, mailbox dan data-data aplikasi
10. Perintah Dasar
• Setiap sistem operasi UNIX Based (di Mac OS X
juga terdapat perintah dasar) memiliki
keunikan yaitu pada perintah dasarnya
• Biasanya, perintah-perintah ini dilakukan di
dalam terminal (console)
• Perintah-perintah ini dikerjakan secara
manual, dan teliti. Perintah-perintah ini lebih
sering digunakan bagi user yang expert
11. Struktur Perintah di Linux
[root@localhost root]# nama_perintah [pilihan] [argumen]
• keterangan:
• [root@localhost root]# prompt Linux yang berarti anda login sebagai
root yang berada pada host(mesin) localhost dan berada dalam directory
root, tanda # menunjukkan sebagai superuser.
• nama_perintah perintah standar yang dijalankan shell.
• pilihan untuk memberi opsi (mengubah atau menambah) dari keadaan
default.
• argument objek yang akan diproses oleh perintah (dapat dikosongkan).
Contoh :
[root@localhost root]# ls –a /bin
• nama_perintah ls (list files) = menampilkan isi directory
• [pilihan] -a (all)
• [argument] /bin
• Maksud dari directory diatas adalah kita memerintahkan komputer untuk
menampilkan file-file (ls) yang ada di directory /bin secara keseluruhan (-
a)
12. Perintah Dasar
Perintah Fungsi Contoh
rm Menghapus file $ rm f1
cp Mengkopi file $ cp /etc /group f1
cat Membaca file $ cat f1
ls Manipulasi file dan direktori $ ls, $ ls –l, $ ls -a
13.
14. Install Software dengan TAR dan RPM
• Linux mengenal dua metode instalasi yaitu
binary dan kode sumber
• RPM adalah Red Hat Package Manager, dan
satu lagi TAR. Untuk TAR adalah format install
yang lebih umum
• Perintah di Linux itu case sensitive, dan tidak
semudah install di OS milik Microsoft
15. Install Software dengan RPM
• Untuk menginstall cukup dengan format
perintah : [root]# rpm –I
• Jika ingin mengupgrade aplikasi :
[root]# rpm –U
16. Install Software dengan TAR
• Sintaksnya seperti ini :
[andi]$ tar -xzvf .tar.gz
-X adalah untuk mengekstrak file
-Z untuk menyaring file hasil compress dari
format gzip
-V untuk mode pemberitahuan sehingga user
dapat mengetahui proses yang terjadi,sementara
-F adalah ada namafile yang harus diikuti
17. Compile Program Mentah
• Biasanya di Linux, ada beberapa aplikasi yang
hanya menyediakan sourcenya, dan untuk
menginterpreter ke dalam mesin kita harus
mengcompilenya secara manual
18. Langkah Compile
• [root]# ./configure
ex : root@pcku# /home/nancep/configure
• [root]# make
ex : root@pcku# make install
19. Manajemen User OS Linux
• Standar Sistem Operasi adalah mampu
mengatur user atau pemakai OS, ex :
menambah pengguna (sebagai host atau
bukan) dan memberikan keamanan
(password)
• Perintah dasarnya adalah :
useradd nama_pengguna
passwd password_pengguna
20. Install Linux (Ubuntu 9.04)
• Agar lebih paham tentang Linux (ubuntu,
fedora, redhat, dll), kita dapat menginstallnya
melalui Virtualisasi
• Tools :
– Disk image / cd / dvd OS
– VMWare Workstation
33. Pemrograman di Linux
• Linux mendukung :
– Object C
– Pascal dengan Lazarus atau Free Pascal
– Java (include on OS Package) dengan NetBeans, atau
Eclipse
– .NET (bypass Mono Framework), contoh Silverlight
diduplikasi menjadi Moonlight di Linux dan Mac,
dengan Mono IDE
– PHP
• Database Tools : MySQL, Oracle, Postgre
• Tergantung pengembangan dari komunitas Linux
34. Kesimpulan Linux
• Jenis partisi harddisk EXT3
• Memerlukan teknik dalam mengolah dan
mengoperasikan Linux melalui console
• Software Linux cukup lengkap dan satu paket
dengan penginstalan OS
• Penuh dengan inovasi dan pengembangan
• User friendly dengan tampilan GUInya yang
cantik