5 Structural Holes
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The document discusses structural holes and brokerage roles in networks. It explains that structural holes provide benefits like autonomy, information access, and control of information flow. However, they also make the network fragile and require maintenance. The document then analyzes brokerage roles and structural holes in an embassy network, identifying which nodes spanned structural holes and acted as brokers between clusters.
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All businesses are in a constant state of change. In The Grid, author Matt Watkinson, explains why the traditional way of studying business as a static system is ineffective. Traditionally Watkinson says that businesses like to “break things down into small pieces, and then study them in isolation.” While your organization may see strong results from hosting many small meetings with dedicated teams, it’s often difficult for these small groups to see the bigger picture. In reality, all businesses are interconnected systems where one decision affects other areas of the system. Managers need to remain tapped into the collaboration efforts of their team members to look for overarching cause-and-effect scenarios that can result from small team decisions. This is why large “all hands” update meetings are also important for connecting departments under a common vision.
Net Work Shop For Network Creation
The document provides an overview of building and sustaining networks. It discusses key concepts like:
- Understanding networks through their purpose, structure, style, and value properties.
- Examining networks using tools like organizational network analysis and value network analysis to assess relationships and flows of value.
- Designing networks by defining their purpose, structure, style, and value up front.
- Using collaboration tools and social media to facilitate interaction and information sharing within a network.
Identical Users in Different Social Media Provides Uniform Network Structure ...
The primary point of this venture is secure the client login and information sharing among the interpersonal organizations like Gmail, Face book and furthermore find unknown client utilizing this systems. On the off chance that the first client not accessible in the systems, but rather their companions or mysterious client knows their login points of interest implies conceivable to abuse their talks. In this venture we need to defeat the mysterious client utilizing the system without unique client information. Unapproved client utilizing the login to talk, share pictures or recordings and so on. This is the issue to be overcome in this venture .That implies client initially enlist their subtle elements with one secured question and reply. Since the unknown client can erase their talk or information. In this by utilizing the secured questions we need to recuperate the unapproved client talk history or imparting subtle elements to their IP address or MAC address. So in this venture they have discovered an approach to keep the mysterious clients abuse the first client login points.
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6 Hiclus
The document discusses hierarchical clustering, an algorithm that groups items into clusters. It begins by assigning each item to its own cluster, then iteratively merges the closest pairs of clusters until all items are in one cluster. There are different methods to calculate distances between clusters when merging, such as single, complete, or average link. Complete and average link methods tend to produce more stable and inclusive clusters. An example uses US cities and shows the step-by-step merging of clusters under the single link method.
15 Orgahead
The document describes the ORGAHEAD model for modeling organizational adaptation as a simulated annealing process. The model represents an organization as a network of agents and tasks. Agents learn from experience and the organization explores different structures through simulated annealing to optimize performance over time based on factors like costs, profits, and production. The model can be scaled up and applied to study real organizational data.
14 Dynamic Networks
This document discusses how social networks and relationships change over time. It covers two main ways time is incorporated: 1) how things like ideas diffuse through a network, and 2) how the network structure itself changes as relationships are formed or break. It also discusses different forces that can impact network dynamics, such as reciprocity, transitivity, balance, and structural holes. Simulation models are described that examine how simple rules about seeking transitivity or avoiding conflict can lead to the formation of cliques or more fluid network structures over time.
11 Strength Of Strong Ties
The document discusses the importance of strong ties, called "philos", within organizations. It defines philos as a special kind of strong tie characterized by high interaction frequency, affection, and an extended relationship history that creates trust. The key points are:
1) Strong ties are activated during times of stress and uncertainty.
2) Philos ties are difficult to measure directly but can be approached by examining individual perceptions of the cognitive network through a questionnaire.
3) Comparing individual perceptions to the true network shows that perception of network ties is often inaccurate, but higher cognitive accuracy is correlated with better network performance.
12 Cognitive Social Structure
People are generally inaccurate at recalling their own social networks and communications. Across seven experiments, participants could only accurately recall about 50% of their actual communications on average. Both over-reporting and under-reporting were issues, with people who communicate less tending to over-report and people who communicate more tending to under-report. While the inaccuracies cannot be entirely explained by factors like timing or reporting biases, they provide insight into cognitive processes and how perceptions of social networks are formed.
5 Structural Holes
The document discusses structural holes and brokerage roles in networks. It describes how structural holes provide benefits like autonomy, information access, and control of information flow. However, they also make the network fragile and require maintenance. Brokerage roles are defined as middle nodes that bridge connections between different clusters or partitions within a network. The document provides an example analysis counting brokerage roles for nodes in an embassy network partitioned into clusters.
11 Contagion
The document discusses how social networks and individual attitudes influence each other through two related processes: social contagion and homophily. Social contagion refers to the diffusion of attributes through a social network based on its structure, while homophily refers to the formation of social networks based on shared attributes among individuals. The document outlines Friedkin's model of social influence, which models how individuals' opinions are shaped both by their own characteristics and by interpersonal influences within their social network over multiple time periods.
6 Block Modeling
The document discusses social network analysis and the concept of blockmodeling. It explains that blockmodeling involves identifying positions in a social network based on structural equivalence, regular equivalence, or other definitions of equivalence. Actors who occupy the same position are considered equivalent. The process involves measuring similarity between all pairs of actors, grouping equivalent actors into blocks, and representing the social network through a reduced block model. This simplified representation reveals the overall structure and roles within the network.
6 Concor
Hierarchical clustering is an algorithm that groups similar items into clusters. It begins by treating each item as its own cluster, then iteratively merges the closest pairs of clusters until all items are in a single cluster. The distance between clusters can be computed in different ways, such as single, complete, or average link. Multidimensional scaling (MDS) maps items to points in a multidimensional space such that similar items are closer together. It aims to minimize the stress between the input similarities and distances between points on the map. MDS can help identify clusters and underlying dimensions in similarity data.
10 Strength Of Weak Ties
Granovetter proposes that weak ties, or acquaintances, are important for spreading information between groups. He defines tie strength as a combination of factors like contact frequency, emotional intensity, and reciprocity of services. Granovetter argues that strong ties tend to cluster together, but weak ties can bridge distinct groups without conflict. This allows new information to diffuse more widely through social networks. An empirical study found that people are more likely to find jobs through acquaintances than close friends, supporting the idea that weak ties provide non-redundant information from other social circles.
6 Concor
Hierarchical clustering is an algorithm that groups similar items into clusters. It begins by treating each item as its own cluster, then iteratively merges the closest pairs of clusters until all items are in one cluster. The distance between clusters can be computed in different ways, such as single-linkage (shortest distance), complete-linkage (longest distance), or average-linkage (mean distance). Multidimensional scaling (MDS) maps items to points in a multidimensional space such that similar items are closer together. It aims to minimize the stress between the input similarities and distances on the map. MDS is useful for visualizing patterns in similarity data and identifying clusters or underlying dimensions.
6 Block Modeling
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4 Cliques Clusters
The document discusses various methods for identifying cohesive subgroups within networks:
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2) Different types of n-cliques, n-clans, and n-clubs relax the definition of a clique to identify groups with maximum distances between members less than or equal to n.
3) K-cores and k-plexes identify maximal subsets where each member is connected to at least k other members, relaxing the complete connectivity of a clique. These methods help locate tightly bonded portions of networks.
1 Mechanics
This document provides an overview and introduction to a social network analysis course taught by Dr. Maksim Tsvetovat. It outlines the course mechanics including meeting times and office hours. It then defines some key network analysis concepts such as nodes, edges, and link analysis. The document also summarizes several example networks that will be analyzed during the course like organizational networks, collaboration networks, and disease contagion networks. It concludes by listing the course assignments which include blog posts, homeworks analyzing networks, and a final network analysis project.
2 Graph Theory
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- Node degree, density, and degree distribution measures
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5 Structural Holes
- 1. Brokerage & Structural Holes
- 3. Structural holes vs. Closure
- 4. Control Benefits of Structural Holes
- 5. Access to Information & Success
- 13. Ingroup/Outgroup
- 14. Political Ties in the Caucasus
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- 19. Political Ties in the Caucasus
- 20. Political Ties in the Caucasus
- 21. Effective Size
- 22. Effective Size in Binary Data
- 23. Embassy Network
- 24. Constraint
- 26. Embassy Network
- 28. Brokerage Roles
- 30. Real data…
- 32. Role Profiles
- 34. E-I Index
- 35. E-I Index