This study evaluated the behavior of conventional and organic chili jalapeño production in Peru using 11 native varieties and 2 commercial Mexican varieties. The variables studied included seed germination, plant morphology, flowering, fruiting, yield, and production costs. Results showed that seed germination, vitality, and viability were slightly higher in organic production compared to conventional. Plant size and number of branches were similar between production methods but lower in native varieties. Fruit size, number, and yield were generally higher in conventional and commercial varieties, though native organic varieties showed good yields. Pest and disease damage were lower in native organic varieties. Production costs were higher for commercial varieties than native varieties in both conventional and organic systems. Overall, native jalapeño

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ABSTRACT
The present investigation was developed in the province of Huaral, during 2012 and 2013; it
had for objective to evaluate the behavior of the conventional and organic production of the
chili jalapeño, by empirical methods of observation, measurement and experimentation, with
blocks at random, proving 11 treatments of native peruvian varieties and 02 mexican
commercial varieties.
The variables studied were percentage of: germination, viability, vitality of seeds, plant
morphology: size, number of branches, flowering moments, fructification, number of fruits,
phytosanitary managing, yield and production costs. In the information processing were
used statistical tests, variance analysis ANOVA, variability coefficient and Duncan's test
(0.05) and the tabulations by the Minitab 14 program.
The results were significant in the majority of cases. The germination, vitality and viability
of seed, the organic production ranged between 95 % - 98.33 % and the conventional
production between 91.00 % - 91.67 %; the size of plant in organic production was 95.67 cm
– 110.97 cm and in conventional production was from 95.33 cm – 110 cm, with significant
differences against the commercial varieties. The number of branches per plant for native
varieties in both cases ranged between 5.67 cm to 10.33 cm and the commercial varieties
between 9.33 cm to 9.67cm.
The moment of flowering in both cases, occurred between 74 to 82 days, similar to the
commercial varieties, The diameter of fruits harvested for the conventional production
ranged between 4.95 cm to 6.42 cm and in organic production were from 4.83 cm to 6.00
cm.; the length of fruits for conventional production reached between 9.00 cm to 12.33 cm
and in organic production were from 8.60 cm to 10.57 cm in both cases the commercial
varieties were of major size. The number of fruits in conventional native production were
ranged between 64.33 to 80.33 fruits per plant, the commercial varieties were from 89.33 to
89.67 fruits per plant, and in the native organic production were from 69.33 to 79.00 fruits
per plant, and the commercial varieties were from 73.67 to 74.33 fruits per plant.
The damages for plagues in native conventional production were from 3.67 to 4.67 % and in
commercial varieties were from 5.67 to 5.33 %, for native organic production were from
4.10 to 4.63 % and in commercial varieties were from 5.03 to 5.13 %. The damages caused
by diseases in the native conventional production were from 2.43 to 4.07 % and in
commercial varieties were from 2.43 to 2.67 %, in the native organic production were from
3.33 to 3.67 % against 4.27 to 5.5% of the commercial varieties.
The yields of the crop in conventional production were from 3,200.00 to 3,416.00 kg per
hectare and in commercial varieties were from 7,396.00 to 7,396.00 kg per hectare, for the
native organic production were from 2,609.33 to 3,093.33 kg per hectare, against 5,618.67 to
5,402.00 kg per hectare of the commercial varieties and the major conventional yields were
T5 (Telico): 3,416.00 kg, T5 (Jal pus 420055F1): 3,348.67 kg, T7 (86013): 3,343.67 kg and
for the organic production they were T10 (Conchos): 3,093.33 kg, T8 (Gifts): 3,081.33 kg,
T5 (Telico): 2,908.00 kg.
Finally the costs of native conventional production were from S/.11,244.18 to S/.11,347.52
soles; in the commercial varieties were from S/.13,300.00 to S/.13,333.33 soles per hectare.
For the native organic production the costs were from S/.10,550.70 to S/.12,663.30 soles and
in the commercial varieties were from S/.12,705.12 and S/.12,663.30 soles /hectare.
At last we conclude that the native varieties of chili jalapeño, present very good yields, get
adapted easily to adverse environmental factors. The scientific contribution is related to the
genetic material, technical and social recovery of native varieties from peruvian background,
and economically it is orientated to contribute in the economy of small farmer increasing the
competitiveness and sustainability in raising the chili jalapeño.
Key words: Chili jalapeño, organic and conventional production.

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