The document describes a hydraulic arm supporter device designed to assist patients recovering from stroke. It consists of an actuator connected to an adjustable arm supporter. The actuator uses hydraulic pressure to raise the arm supporter and angle the patient's arm, helping them perform tasks. It is portable and adjustable to suit different arm lengths. The device is intended to motivate patients by allowing independent exercise of their affected arm through daily activities. Calculations are provided to size the hydraulic actuator components to safely support the needed forces. Drawings and diagrams illustrate the device design and range of motion.
This document describes a modified posterior approach technique for the hip joint. The key steps of the technique include making a skin incision from just below the posterior superior iliac spine curving toward the greater trochanter. The greater trochanter is then osteotomized to include the insertions of surrounding muscles. This posterior triangular flap is turned down to expose the hip joint capsule. The advantages of this modified approach include decreased risk of dislocation compared to conventional approaches by preserving bone and soft tissue attachments and providing stable exposure of the hip joint and surrounding structures.
Successful knee replacement surgery India by experienced highly qualified surgeons & latest advanced surgical techniques with the help of Tour2india4health.
1) The document proposes an adaptive weight support method for shoulder flexion during robot-assisted arm therapy for stroke and spinal cord injured patients.
2) An inverse static model of the cable-driven robotic system and passive human arm is used to estimate the rope forces needed to flex the arm and compensate a given percentage of the arm weight.
3) Experiments with two spinal cord injured patients show that the adaptive weight support approach achieved a desired larger range of motion compared to conventional constant rope forces.
Bionic Arm is the best revolution idea for amputees across the world. This is as close as we can get to our natural limb. This paper is about the study of the prosthetic arm used for amputees and gives an overview of upper limb evolution based on control technologies. It focused on the mechanical parameters like actuation system and prototyping techniques that are required to meet the design specifications. The drive systems which hold the key for proper functioning are described and their pros and cons are stated. A review of materials for prosthetic applications and role of 3D printing as a manufacturing method is discussed This would further enable to choose a system based on variables like dexterity, patients need, a weight of the system and feasibility. Detailed research of robotic limb generation could help us to develop a prosthetic limb that mimics the salient features of the limb. M. Sreedhar | S. Sai Mani Shekar | K. Aditya Vardhan | S. Vaibhav Krishna ""A Review on Bionic Arm"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23221.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/bio-mechanicaland-biomedical-engineering/23221/a-review-on-bionic-arm/m-sreedhar
IRJET- Exoskeleton Arm for Therapeutic Applications and Augmented StrengthIRJET Journal
This document describes the design of a 2 degree of freedom exoskeleton arm for therapeutic and strength augmentation applications. The exoskeleton arm is designed to be lightweight using an aluminum frame and 3D printed parts. It has degrees of freedom for elbow flexion/extension and finger flexion/extension powered by electric motors controlled via a microcontroller. The design is intended to be low cost and portable while providing data on range of motion for rehabilitation and augmented strength for injury recovery. The document outlines the system architecture, design specifications including part designs, motor selection and control circuits. It concludes the prototype demonstrates the intended 2 degrees of freedom for therapeutic applications.
Design, fabrication and performance evaluation of melon shelling machineeSAT Journals
The document describes the design, fabrication, and testing of a melon shelling machine. It discusses the methodology used, including design calculations for components like the shelling cylinder, shaft, belt drive, and bearings. Testing showed the machine achieved 62.5-70.95% shelling efficiency depending on whether a flat bar or flexible rubber was used for shelling. While the flexible rubber achieved higher shelling, it also resulted in more partially shelled seeds. Overall, the machine was successful in improving melon shelling performance compared to traditional methods.
IRJET- Development of Artificial ARM using Pneumatic Artificial MuscleIRJET Journal
The document describes the development of an artificial arm using pneumatic artificial muscles (PAMs) as actuators. The arm is constructed using an aluminum frame with PAMs, muscle sensors, pneumatic tubes, and other components. PAMs have advantages over other actuators like high power-to-weight ratio and safety. The developed arm can lift loads of up to 30kg and has a flexible range of motion powered by compressed air and controlled via muscle sensors and an Arduino microcontroller. The arm demonstrates the effectiveness of PAMs for building lightweight, low-cost assistive devices.
This document describes a modified posterior approach technique for the hip joint. The key steps of the technique include making a skin incision from just below the posterior superior iliac spine curving toward the greater trochanter. The greater trochanter is then osteotomized to include the insertions of surrounding muscles. This posterior triangular flap is turned down to expose the hip joint capsule. The advantages of this modified approach include decreased risk of dislocation compared to conventional approaches by preserving bone and soft tissue attachments and providing stable exposure of the hip joint and surrounding structures.
Successful knee replacement surgery India by experienced highly qualified surgeons & latest advanced surgical techniques with the help of Tour2india4health.
1) The document proposes an adaptive weight support method for shoulder flexion during robot-assisted arm therapy for stroke and spinal cord injured patients.
2) An inverse static model of the cable-driven robotic system and passive human arm is used to estimate the rope forces needed to flex the arm and compensate a given percentage of the arm weight.
3) Experiments with two spinal cord injured patients show that the adaptive weight support approach achieved a desired larger range of motion compared to conventional constant rope forces.
Bionic Arm is the best revolution idea for amputees across the world. This is as close as we can get to our natural limb. This paper is about the study of the prosthetic arm used for amputees and gives an overview of upper limb evolution based on control technologies. It focused on the mechanical parameters like actuation system and prototyping techniques that are required to meet the design specifications. The drive systems which hold the key for proper functioning are described and their pros and cons are stated. A review of materials for prosthetic applications and role of 3D printing as a manufacturing method is discussed This would further enable to choose a system based on variables like dexterity, patients need, a weight of the system and feasibility. Detailed research of robotic limb generation could help us to develop a prosthetic limb that mimics the salient features of the limb. M. Sreedhar | S. Sai Mani Shekar | K. Aditya Vardhan | S. Vaibhav Krishna ""A Review on Bionic Arm"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23221.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/bio-mechanicaland-biomedical-engineering/23221/a-review-on-bionic-arm/m-sreedhar
IRJET- Exoskeleton Arm for Therapeutic Applications and Augmented StrengthIRJET Journal
This document describes the design of a 2 degree of freedom exoskeleton arm for therapeutic and strength augmentation applications. The exoskeleton arm is designed to be lightweight using an aluminum frame and 3D printed parts. It has degrees of freedom for elbow flexion/extension and finger flexion/extension powered by electric motors controlled via a microcontroller. The design is intended to be low cost and portable while providing data on range of motion for rehabilitation and augmented strength for injury recovery. The document outlines the system architecture, design specifications including part designs, motor selection and control circuits. It concludes the prototype demonstrates the intended 2 degrees of freedom for therapeutic applications.
Design, fabrication and performance evaluation of melon shelling machineeSAT Journals
The document describes the design, fabrication, and testing of a melon shelling machine. It discusses the methodology used, including design calculations for components like the shelling cylinder, shaft, belt drive, and bearings. Testing showed the machine achieved 62.5-70.95% shelling efficiency depending on whether a flat bar or flexible rubber was used for shelling. While the flexible rubber achieved higher shelling, it also resulted in more partially shelled seeds. Overall, the machine was successful in improving melon shelling performance compared to traditional methods.
IRJET- Development of Artificial ARM using Pneumatic Artificial MuscleIRJET Journal
The document describes the development of an artificial arm using pneumatic artificial muscles (PAMs) as actuators. The arm is constructed using an aluminum frame with PAMs, muscle sensors, pneumatic tubes, and other components. PAMs have advantages over other actuators like high power-to-weight ratio and safety. The developed arm can lift loads of up to 30kg and has a flexible range of motion powered by compressed air and controlled via muscle sensors and an Arduino microcontroller. The arm demonstrates the effectiveness of PAMs for building lightweight, low-cost assistive devices.
This document describes a surgical needle docking device that temporarily holds a suture needle in place. The device has a soft body that a needle can pierce, securely holding the needle for easy re-grasping. It can attach to surgical tools via an axial passage or adhesive. This allows the surgeon to efficiently reposition the needle for the next stitch while maintaining focus on the suture site.
This document describes the design of an Automated Wheelchair Convertible Stretcher. It aims to reduce the effort required to transfer patients between wheelchairs and stretchers. The design allows a wheelchair to convert into a stretcher or vice versa through a gear mechanism powered by an electric motor. A literature review revealed existing concepts using hydraulic, pneumatic or electronic systems. The proposed design uses a simple gear mechanism to achieve the required motion in order to reduce costs. The conversion between wheelchair and stretcher modes can be operated easily and saves approximately 50% of space compared to separate wheelchair and stretcher products. The automated wheelchair convertible stretcher has the potential to be an efficient mobility aid in hospitals.
IRJET- A Review on Biomechanics of Knee JointIRJET Journal
This document reviews the biomechanics of the knee joint. It discusses the role of the knee joint in allowing locomotion with minimal energy and stability over different terrains. The document outlines the movements of the knee including flexion, extension, and rotation. It describes the forces acting on the knee joint, which can be 2-3 times body weight during walking. The document provides an example calculation of the net joint forces and moments at the knee using inverse dynamics. It determines the horizontal and vertical reaction forces at the knee and calculates the net joint moment to be 592.3 Nm, indicating knee extension.
Control of robot-assisted gait trainer using hybrid proportional integral de...IJECEIAES
An inexpensive exoskeleton of the lower limb was designed and developed in this study. It can be used as a gait trainer for persons with lower limb problems. It plays an essential role in lower limb rehabilitation and aid for patients, and it can help them improve their physical condition. This paper proposes a hybrid controller for regulating the lower limb exoskeleton of a robot-assisted gait trainer that uses a proportional integral and derivative (PID) controller combined with an iterative learning controller (ILC). The direct current motors at the hip and knee joints are controlled by a microcontroller that uses a preset pattern for the trajectories. It can learn how to monitor a trajectory. If the trajectory or load is changed, it will be able to follow the change. The experiment showed that the PID controller had the smallest overshoot, and settling time, and was responsible for system stability. Even if there are occasional interruptions, the tracking performance improves with the ILC.
n our society we see some handicapped people they are not like a normal person. Those are injured by an accident or handicapped by birth. Those people are not in a position of doing our regular things like a normal person. Prosthesis is to be used for those kinds of people. Prosthesis is like a created organ or an artificial body part that should be placed in a missing body part.
The motion of a shank at the knee joint of prosthesis has been modeled mathematically by considering all the dimensions of a normal human. The motion of a normal human knee joint has been simulated with the help of Adams software. The results are analyzed by considering the forces that act on the feet while walking (usually known as reaction forces of ground). From the obtained results, it can be said that thus simulated prosthetic mechanism is suitable for all the people irrespective of age and weight.
IRJET - Development of Pneumatic Exoskeleton SuitIRJET Journal
This document describes the development of a prototype upper body exoskeleton suit using pneumatic cylinders as artificial muscles. The suit aims to enhance human upper body strength for applications such as industry, construction, and military tasks. The design focuses on developing an upper body exoskeleton suit for the arms that allows lifting with restricted degrees of freedom. It utilizes four double-acting pneumatic cylinders, with two on each arm, powered by compressed air and controlled by valves. Calculations are shown to determine the appropriate cylinder specifications to lift weights of up to 35kg without strain on the wearer.
Design and Development of a Wrist Exoskeleton for people post stroke copy.pptxRishintiranGovindara
This document summarizes a student's final year project on designing a wrist exoskeleton device for stroke rehabilitation using shape memory alloys. It introduces the topic, outlines the objectives to develop and test a prototype that provides wrist flexion and extension using SMA wires. A literature review compares existing devices and a methodology is proposed using AutoCAD, 3D printing, sensors and a microcontroller. Expected results are provided showing the relationship between temperature, deformation of SMA wires and degrees of wrist bending. The document aims to develop a device to improve range of motion for wrist rehabilitation post-stroke.
Indian Institutte of Robotics , GrippersSagar Singhal
A gripper is a device that enables holding objects, similar to a human hand. It can grip, tighten, handle, and release objects. Grippers come in many styles and sizes and are commonly attached to robots or used in automated systems. There are three primary types of gripper jaws: parallel, which move parallel to the gripper body; angular, which open and close around a central pivot point; and toggle, which use an over-center locking mechanism. Grippers can have either two or three jaws and can grip objects externally or internally. Custom tooling and finger designs are needed for each application to reduce the necessary grip force.
Additive Manufacturing and Testing of a Prosthetic Foot Ankle Jointijtsrd
Ankle replacement is a fairly new concept and is one of the popular treatments of ankle fractures and arthritis. This project focuses on modelling and 3D Printing of a prosthetic talocrural joint. The standard sizes of tibia which is the larger bone of lower leg and talus being lower part of the ankle joint, are observed and modeled accordingly by using CATIA with standard dimensions. The prototype is made with PLA plastic using an FDM Fused Deposition Modelling 3D printer. The analytical tests carried on ANSYS by applying human weight on the tibial surface and physical tests are conducted on Universal testing machine. The compression force is applied on the prototype and observed till failure. Results obtained are compared for static position of the foot, of both analytical and physical outcomes. Yogesh Avula | Adi Seshan Mula | Vishal Onnala | Kartheek Merugu ""Additive Manufacturing and Testing of a Prosthetic Foot Ankle Joint"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23216.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/bio-mechanicaland-biomedical-engineering/23216/additive-manufacturing-and-testing-of-a-prosthetic-foot-ankle-joint/yogesh-avula
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) is an intentional online Journal in English monthly publishing journal. This Journal publish original research work that contributes significantly to further the scientific knowledge in engineering and Technology.
The purpose of this article is to describe the
development in prosthetic legs. Artificial limbs may be needed
for a variety of reasons including diseases, accidents and
congenital defects. As the human body changes over time due
to growth or change in body weight, the artificial limbs have to
be changed and adjusted periodically. This constant need for
change or adjustment may become costly if the material used
is expensive. This study will emphasis the prosthetic legs by
focusing on the socket part as it is often changed and replaced
with natural-based bio composites. The results of this study
are based on the compatibility of the properties of existing and
proposed materials which contribute towards providing
alternative materials that are more cost efficient, eco-friendly
and yet maintaining the features required for artificial limbs.
The findings are expected to help patients or wearers to live
independently when they are young, who cannot afford to
have this essentially.
The document describes a project report for a non-invasive forearm muscle stimulator. It was submitted by three students - Ishita Shah, Kinara Gajjar, and Denis Patel to fulfill their Bachelor of Engineering degree in Biomedical Engineering from L.D. College of Engineering. The stimulator aims to improve hand movement for post-traumatic patients and those with spinal cord injuries using functional electrical stimulation of forearm muscles in a non-invasive way. It includes surface electrodes, a stimulation unit with a controller and sensors to sense movement and provide electrical pulses to muscles to enable proper hand movements.
The Measurement and Analysis of Axial Deformity at The Knee.pdfAhmed Ashour dr.
This document discusses methods for measuring and analyzing axial deformities at the knee. It begins with terminology used to describe lower extremity alignment. Key terms defined include the mechanical axis of the lower extremity, femoral shaft axis, tibial shaft axis, anatomic tibiofemoral angle, and mechanical tibiofemoral angle. The document then describes how to measure overall varus or valgus deformity at the knee using radiographs. It provides methods for measurement when the femoral head and ankle are visible and when they are not. The document also discusses characterizing extra-articular deformities and how to account for medial or lateral tibiofemoral subluxation when performing measurements. Examples of different types of deformities are given to
The document describes the design of a lifting mechanism for agricultural equipment attachments. The mechanism uses wedges and a power screw actuated by hand to lift attachments like plows. It aims to provide lifting capability with reduced cost, size, and weight compared to hydraulic mechanisms. Key components include a holder, bell crank, two wedges, base, and power screw. Calculations are shown for component sizing. A prototype is tested lifting a 10kg L-shaped attachment. Analysis shows the bell crank can withstand over 300kg of load with minimal deflection and stress. The mechanism performs as intended and has potential for industrial and other lifting applications.
This presentation summarizes a research paper that aimed to develop a smart healthcare wear system using electro-conductive textiles. The system, called the Smart Healthcare Wear System (SHWS), was designed with sensors and transmission lines made of conductive yarn and fabric. A clinical trial was conducted where the SHWS was worn by hypertensive patients for 15 minutes while stimulating acupressure points on the hand. Results found that wearing the SHWS significantly lowered both systolic and diastolic blood pressure compared to measurements taken before wearing the device. Pulse rates also decreased significantly after using the SHWS. The conclusions were that the SHWS shows potential as an effective healthcare device for treating hypertension.
1) Multiple infection prevention measures were used in 54 patients undergoing ACL reconstruction surgery, including preoperative skin washing and bathing, intraoperative use of sterile drapes and instruments soaked in vancomycin solution, and postoperative rehabilitation.
2) No postoperative infections occurred in any patients over 6-18 months of follow-up. Knee function scores improved significantly from pre-operation levels.
3) The study suggests that using multiple prevention measures can successfully prevent infections after ACL reconstruction surgery and allow for good postoperative recovery of knee function.
Development and validation of eevc wg17 lower legform fe model for pedestrian...eSAT Journals
Abstract Vehicle-pedestrian collisions had claimed the lives of many in the world roads yearly. Among the types of injury that may occur in a vehicle-pedestrian collision, lower extremity injuries have the highest account. These alarming statistic has encouraged joining effort from researchers, car manufacturers and the government to find solutions in reducing the risk of vulnerable road users. The car bumper structure design plays a crucial role in cushioning the impact on the pedestrian leg during a collision. The European Enhanced Vehicle-Safety Committee (EEVC) has developed test methods to evaluate severity of the lower leg injury, upper leg injury and head impact injury in a vehicle-pedestrian simulated collision. Since lower extremity injury are most common, undivided attention should be paid on the lower legform to bumper test. The maximum bending angle, maximum shearing displacement and maximum tibia acceleration are among the three injury criterion determined for lower legform to bumper test. Before the lower legform to bumper test can be perform the lower legform has to be certified statically and dynamically. The advancement of computerization had supported the usage of Finite Element Method(FEM) in simulating real life scenarios for analysis. Irregular geometries are now discretized and solved numerically. Finite Element Analysis(FEA) has proven to reduce time and cost significantly therefore the author took advantaged of this tool and simulated a lower legform to bumper collision. This paper presents in detail the static and dynamic certification of the Finite Element (FE) legform model using the HyperWorks software. The static results for both bending and shearing has to be within the EEVC/WG17 limits and the internal energy at 15º shall be 100±7J. The maximum bending angle shall not be less than 6.2º and not more than 8.2º, the maximum shearing displacement shall not be less than 3.5mm and not more than 6mm, and the maximum upper tibia acceleration shall not be less than 120g and not more than 250g in the dynamic certification test. Index Terms: Pedestrian Safety, Legform Impactor, EEVC WG17, Finite Element Analysis
This document summarizes a patent for a machine that applies rubber caps to containers. It describes a machine with fingers arranged in an annular form that can place a cap, and pistons that impart radial movement to the fingers. It also includes a rotary table to carry containers, a head carrying the fingers that can slide, and a piston to actuate the head. The machine applies caps by extending the fingers to stretch the cap over the container, then retracting the fingers to leave the cap in place.
The document describes the ZEPHIR anterior cervical plate system for anterior cervical fusion surgery. It provides instructions for using the system, which features a low-profile plate, rotating drill guides, self-tapping screws, and an integrated antimigration cap to simplify fixation while maintaining strength. Clinical cases demonstrate successful fusion outcomes using the ZEPHIR system for cervical discectomy and decompression procedures.
The document analyzes problems with the shaft of a biomass grinder integrated with a briquetting plant. Finite element analysis was conducted using ANSYS software to model and simulate stresses on the stepped shaft under different loads and rotational speeds. The analysis found that maximum shear stress occurred at the point where the blower was fitted to the shaft. Increasing pressure led to higher von Mises and shear stresses. However, operating the shaft at higher rotational speeds reduced von Mises stresses, lowering the risk of failure. The study provides insights to reduce shaft stresses and improve reliability of the biomass grinder.
HEV Modelling & Optimization_Deepak_PraveenPraveen S R
1. The document discusses modeling and optimizing a 2015 Honda Accord hybrid vehicle.
2. It involves analyzing existing test data to determine the vehicle's control strategy, modeling the vehicle for a 1.4 UDDS test cycle, and optimizing the parallel mode region.
3. The optimization aims to modify the speed and torque of the parallel mode region in the highway test cycle data to deduce an improvement in miles per gallon.
1. The document describes a study that used finite element analysis to simulate the burst pressure of a vibration welded plastic vessel and determine the yield stress at the weld bead.
2. An experimental hydrostatic pressure test showed rupture occurred at the weld bead, so the goal was to model this and obtain the stress at the weld bead.
3. Various meshing techniques were tested in the FEA software ABAQUS to find the best correlation with experimental data, including different element types, sizes, and modeling of the weld bead. The results showed second order elements with two layers of dragged elements for the weld bead membrane provided the most accurate stresses at the weld bead.
This document describes a surgical needle docking device that temporarily holds a suture needle in place. The device has a soft body that a needle can pierce, securely holding the needle for easy re-grasping. It can attach to surgical tools via an axial passage or adhesive. This allows the surgeon to efficiently reposition the needle for the next stitch while maintaining focus on the suture site.
This document describes the design of an Automated Wheelchair Convertible Stretcher. It aims to reduce the effort required to transfer patients between wheelchairs and stretchers. The design allows a wheelchair to convert into a stretcher or vice versa through a gear mechanism powered by an electric motor. A literature review revealed existing concepts using hydraulic, pneumatic or electronic systems. The proposed design uses a simple gear mechanism to achieve the required motion in order to reduce costs. The conversion between wheelchair and stretcher modes can be operated easily and saves approximately 50% of space compared to separate wheelchair and stretcher products. The automated wheelchair convertible stretcher has the potential to be an efficient mobility aid in hospitals.
IRJET- A Review on Biomechanics of Knee JointIRJET Journal
This document reviews the biomechanics of the knee joint. It discusses the role of the knee joint in allowing locomotion with minimal energy and stability over different terrains. The document outlines the movements of the knee including flexion, extension, and rotation. It describes the forces acting on the knee joint, which can be 2-3 times body weight during walking. The document provides an example calculation of the net joint forces and moments at the knee using inverse dynamics. It determines the horizontal and vertical reaction forces at the knee and calculates the net joint moment to be 592.3 Nm, indicating knee extension.
Control of robot-assisted gait trainer using hybrid proportional integral de...IJECEIAES
An inexpensive exoskeleton of the lower limb was designed and developed in this study. It can be used as a gait trainer for persons with lower limb problems. It plays an essential role in lower limb rehabilitation and aid for patients, and it can help them improve their physical condition. This paper proposes a hybrid controller for regulating the lower limb exoskeleton of a robot-assisted gait trainer that uses a proportional integral and derivative (PID) controller combined with an iterative learning controller (ILC). The direct current motors at the hip and knee joints are controlled by a microcontroller that uses a preset pattern for the trajectories. It can learn how to monitor a trajectory. If the trajectory or load is changed, it will be able to follow the change. The experiment showed that the PID controller had the smallest overshoot, and settling time, and was responsible for system stability. Even if there are occasional interruptions, the tracking performance improves with the ILC.
n our society we see some handicapped people they are not like a normal person. Those are injured by an accident or handicapped by birth. Those people are not in a position of doing our regular things like a normal person. Prosthesis is to be used for those kinds of people. Prosthesis is like a created organ or an artificial body part that should be placed in a missing body part.
The motion of a shank at the knee joint of prosthesis has been modeled mathematically by considering all the dimensions of a normal human. The motion of a normal human knee joint has been simulated with the help of Adams software. The results are analyzed by considering the forces that act on the feet while walking (usually known as reaction forces of ground). From the obtained results, it can be said that thus simulated prosthetic mechanism is suitable for all the people irrespective of age and weight.
IRJET - Development of Pneumatic Exoskeleton SuitIRJET Journal
This document describes the development of a prototype upper body exoskeleton suit using pneumatic cylinders as artificial muscles. The suit aims to enhance human upper body strength for applications such as industry, construction, and military tasks. The design focuses on developing an upper body exoskeleton suit for the arms that allows lifting with restricted degrees of freedom. It utilizes four double-acting pneumatic cylinders, with two on each arm, powered by compressed air and controlled by valves. Calculations are shown to determine the appropriate cylinder specifications to lift weights of up to 35kg without strain on the wearer.
Design and Development of a Wrist Exoskeleton for people post stroke copy.pptxRishintiranGovindara
This document summarizes a student's final year project on designing a wrist exoskeleton device for stroke rehabilitation using shape memory alloys. It introduces the topic, outlines the objectives to develop and test a prototype that provides wrist flexion and extension using SMA wires. A literature review compares existing devices and a methodology is proposed using AutoCAD, 3D printing, sensors and a microcontroller. Expected results are provided showing the relationship between temperature, deformation of SMA wires and degrees of wrist bending. The document aims to develop a device to improve range of motion for wrist rehabilitation post-stroke.
Indian Institutte of Robotics , GrippersSagar Singhal
A gripper is a device that enables holding objects, similar to a human hand. It can grip, tighten, handle, and release objects. Grippers come in many styles and sizes and are commonly attached to robots or used in automated systems. There are three primary types of gripper jaws: parallel, which move parallel to the gripper body; angular, which open and close around a central pivot point; and toggle, which use an over-center locking mechanism. Grippers can have either two or three jaws and can grip objects externally or internally. Custom tooling and finger designs are needed for each application to reduce the necessary grip force.
Additive Manufacturing and Testing of a Prosthetic Foot Ankle Jointijtsrd
Ankle replacement is a fairly new concept and is one of the popular treatments of ankle fractures and arthritis. This project focuses on modelling and 3D Printing of a prosthetic talocrural joint. The standard sizes of tibia which is the larger bone of lower leg and talus being lower part of the ankle joint, are observed and modeled accordingly by using CATIA with standard dimensions. The prototype is made with PLA plastic using an FDM Fused Deposition Modelling 3D printer. The analytical tests carried on ANSYS by applying human weight on the tibial surface and physical tests are conducted on Universal testing machine. The compression force is applied on the prototype and observed till failure. Results obtained are compared for static position of the foot, of both analytical and physical outcomes. Yogesh Avula | Adi Seshan Mula | Vishal Onnala | Kartheek Merugu ""Additive Manufacturing and Testing of a Prosthetic Foot Ankle Joint"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23216.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/bio-mechanicaland-biomedical-engineering/23216/additive-manufacturing-and-testing-of-a-prosthetic-foot-ankle-joint/yogesh-avula
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) is an intentional online Journal in English monthly publishing journal. This Journal publish original research work that contributes significantly to further the scientific knowledge in engineering and Technology.
The purpose of this article is to describe the
development in prosthetic legs. Artificial limbs may be needed
for a variety of reasons including diseases, accidents and
congenital defects. As the human body changes over time due
to growth or change in body weight, the artificial limbs have to
be changed and adjusted periodically. This constant need for
change or adjustment may become costly if the material used
is expensive. This study will emphasis the prosthetic legs by
focusing on the socket part as it is often changed and replaced
with natural-based bio composites. The results of this study
are based on the compatibility of the properties of existing and
proposed materials which contribute towards providing
alternative materials that are more cost efficient, eco-friendly
and yet maintaining the features required for artificial limbs.
The findings are expected to help patients or wearers to live
independently when they are young, who cannot afford to
have this essentially.
The document describes a project report for a non-invasive forearm muscle stimulator. It was submitted by three students - Ishita Shah, Kinara Gajjar, and Denis Patel to fulfill their Bachelor of Engineering degree in Biomedical Engineering from L.D. College of Engineering. The stimulator aims to improve hand movement for post-traumatic patients and those with spinal cord injuries using functional electrical stimulation of forearm muscles in a non-invasive way. It includes surface electrodes, a stimulation unit with a controller and sensors to sense movement and provide electrical pulses to muscles to enable proper hand movements.
The Measurement and Analysis of Axial Deformity at The Knee.pdfAhmed Ashour dr.
This document discusses methods for measuring and analyzing axial deformities at the knee. It begins with terminology used to describe lower extremity alignment. Key terms defined include the mechanical axis of the lower extremity, femoral shaft axis, tibial shaft axis, anatomic tibiofemoral angle, and mechanical tibiofemoral angle. The document then describes how to measure overall varus or valgus deformity at the knee using radiographs. It provides methods for measurement when the femoral head and ankle are visible and when they are not. The document also discusses characterizing extra-articular deformities and how to account for medial or lateral tibiofemoral subluxation when performing measurements. Examples of different types of deformities are given to
The document describes the design of a lifting mechanism for agricultural equipment attachments. The mechanism uses wedges and a power screw actuated by hand to lift attachments like plows. It aims to provide lifting capability with reduced cost, size, and weight compared to hydraulic mechanisms. Key components include a holder, bell crank, two wedges, base, and power screw. Calculations are shown for component sizing. A prototype is tested lifting a 10kg L-shaped attachment. Analysis shows the bell crank can withstand over 300kg of load with minimal deflection and stress. The mechanism performs as intended and has potential for industrial and other lifting applications.
This presentation summarizes a research paper that aimed to develop a smart healthcare wear system using electro-conductive textiles. The system, called the Smart Healthcare Wear System (SHWS), was designed with sensors and transmission lines made of conductive yarn and fabric. A clinical trial was conducted where the SHWS was worn by hypertensive patients for 15 minutes while stimulating acupressure points on the hand. Results found that wearing the SHWS significantly lowered both systolic and diastolic blood pressure compared to measurements taken before wearing the device. Pulse rates also decreased significantly after using the SHWS. The conclusions were that the SHWS shows potential as an effective healthcare device for treating hypertension.
1) Multiple infection prevention measures were used in 54 patients undergoing ACL reconstruction surgery, including preoperative skin washing and bathing, intraoperative use of sterile drapes and instruments soaked in vancomycin solution, and postoperative rehabilitation.
2) No postoperative infections occurred in any patients over 6-18 months of follow-up. Knee function scores improved significantly from pre-operation levels.
3) The study suggests that using multiple prevention measures can successfully prevent infections after ACL reconstruction surgery and allow for good postoperative recovery of knee function.
Development and validation of eevc wg17 lower legform fe model for pedestrian...eSAT Journals
Abstract Vehicle-pedestrian collisions had claimed the lives of many in the world roads yearly. Among the types of injury that may occur in a vehicle-pedestrian collision, lower extremity injuries have the highest account. These alarming statistic has encouraged joining effort from researchers, car manufacturers and the government to find solutions in reducing the risk of vulnerable road users. The car bumper structure design plays a crucial role in cushioning the impact on the pedestrian leg during a collision. The European Enhanced Vehicle-Safety Committee (EEVC) has developed test methods to evaluate severity of the lower leg injury, upper leg injury and head impact injury in a vehicle-pedestrian simulated collision. Since lower extremity injury are most common, undivided attention should be paid on the lower legform to bumper test. The maximum bending angle, maximum shearing displacement and maximum tibia acceleration are among the three injury criterion determined for lower legform to bumper test. Before the lower legform to bumper test can be perform the lower legform has to be certified statically and dynamically. The advancement of computerization had supported the usage of Finite Element Method(FEM) in simulating real life scenarios for analysis. Irregular geometries are now discretized and solved numerically. Finite Element Analysis(FEA) has proven to reduce time and cost significantly therefore the author took advantaged of this tool and simulated a lower legform to bumper collision. This paper presents in detail the static and dynamic certification of the Finite Element (FE) legform model using the HyperWorks software. The static results for both bending and shearing has to be within the EEVC/WG17 limits and the internal energy at 15º shall be 100±7J. The maximum bending angle shall not be less than 6.2º and not more than 8.2º, the maximum shearing displacement shall not be less than 3.5mm and not more than 6mm, and the maximum upper tibia acceleration shall not be less than 120g and not more than 250g in the dynamic certification test. Index Terms: Pedestrian Safety, Legform Impactor, EEVC WG17, Finite Element Analysis
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HEV Modelling & Optimization_Deepak_PraveenPraveen S R
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This document discusses a stress contour analysis for an assembly that is missing. A force-displacement plot is mentioned but no other details are provided. The document contains very little contextual information to summarize.
1. Deepak Chandran (A20336465)
Praveen S R (A20325931)
MMAE 445 : FINAL PROJECT REPORT
HYDRAULIC ARM SUPPORTER
BACKGROUND:
Field and Necessity of Invention:
The present invention is in the field of physiotherapy. More particularly, the present invention is in the
technical field of arm supporting devices. Paralysis is the inability of muscle or group of muscles to move on
their own. Often, signals from the brain don’t often get transmitted to the muscles after a stroke. With a
paretic arm, most patients find it difficult to perform some tasks like lifting his/her arm up which was
previously easy for the patient. The invention is designed to motivate the patient by giving support to a
person’s arm until he/she recovers, thereby helping regain senses in their arm.
Patients would require attendants to assist them to perform their regular activities. It would be challenging
for the person to perform these tasks themselves because either they lack the strength or they get
demotivated by presuming the task would be daunting. Some of the tasks may include lifting a coffee mug, or
spoon for their daily meal, pick and place any objects from a table, painting etc. We understand this
requirement for these patients and focus on providing a hydraulic force to aid the arm in lifting the objects
which could be manually controlled by the patients.
The concept and the design of this device was created keeping in mind the patients affected due to stroke. But
by not limiting the benefits it offers, it can be used by any patient or anyone who has difficulty in producing a
motion to his/her arm and needs some kind of support. Though the idea was thought keeping in mind
patients suffering from stoke, under proper guidance and understanding its applications it can be used by any
person who finds it useful.
Description of the Prior Art:
While the prior art shows a number of arrangements for supporting a person's arm during medical treatment
such as the contoured arm board disclosed in Hazelwood et al. U.S. Pat. No. 3,295,518 (1968) which shows an
adjustable leg rest which may be used to support a person's arm or leg during healing and U.S. Pat. No.
4265232 A (1981) which shows ram type arm contour device to support the patients arm, no manual device
has been found which specifically pioneers motion of arm supporter controlled with hydraulic telescopic
actuators that can be mounted on a table or a wheel chair with special arrangements.
In view of the originality of our invention, we strongly argue that our product is more advantageous over
existing manual arm supporters in physiotherapy centers/ hospitals. We use hydraulic pressure instead of
mechanical linkages which self-sustaining in any position of the arm supporter. Our arm supporter
additionally motivates the patient by eliminating the dependency of attendants. As a result, the rehabilitation
process enhances.
The device primarily provides some exercise to stimulate their senses back into their paralyzed arm by
motivating patients to do their regular activities like lifting a spoon, a pen, painting etc. until they recover
completely. This portable, light-weight hydraulic arm supporter provides stroke victims to prop his arm at an
inclined position to prevent the accumulation of fluids in the hand and wrist area. Arm support surface has a
concave contour to comfortably receive a person's arm and includes elastic straps for holding the arm
securely in position. Everyday use of this device provides therapy by expanding and contracting the
forearm muscles, strengthening wrist joints and regulation of blood flow into the paretic arm
2. DESCRIPTION OF INVENTION:
Features of the Device:
The main components of the device are actuator- Fig (1), arm supporter- Fig (2), wrist pad- Fig (5),
piston and syringe arrangement Fig -(4 and 3), Inter connecting pipe Fig (7), base clamp-Fig (6), L
pin- Fig (8), tube connector- Fig (9). Nuts and bolts are standard items which are not depicted in the
exploded view.
The device is anchored in a special wooden table used specifically for this device with the help of nut
and bolt arrangement from the actuator.
The actuator Fig (1) is connected to arm supporter Fig (2) with the help of l-pin Fig(8)
The front end of the arm supporter Fig (2) consists of a threaded rod projecting downwards which
can be clamped to the wrist pad Fig (5) using nut as shown in Fig (9). This arrangement is
incorporated to accommodate the varying arm length of different patients.
The rear end of the arm supporter Fig (2) is connected to a base clamp Fig (6) to arrest the motion
and acts as a pivot for attaining crank motion of Fig (2).
The bottom most part of Fig (1) is connected to Fig (4 and 3) using Fig (7).
The arm supporter Fig (2) has provision for clamps to which elastic straps are connected.
All parts have rounded edges to ensure safety to the operating personnel.
Operation of the device:
The Patient (or any person using the device) rests his arm on arm supporter Fig (2) and his arm is
strapped using an elastic strap to hold it in its position.
The patient use his other arm which is not paralyzed to push the syringe Fig (3) which injects a
hydraulic fluid inside the actuator Fig (1) with the help of inter connecting pipe Fig (7). The
maximum height that actuator Fig (1) can attain is 5.5 inches and minimum height it rests is 3
inches.
This will cause the actuator Fig (1) which has telescopic cylinders inside to raise above its normal
position (3 inches) and which in turn pushes the Fig (2). Since the Fig (2) is clamped at the end using
base clamp Fig (6), arm supporter Fig (2) will raise at an angle. The maximum angle through which it
can be raised is 45 degrees.
To increase the contact surface of actuator Fig (1) in its elevated position and Fig (2), Fig (8) is used.
Fig (8) improves the contact by making it a surface contact instead of a point contact.
The length of the arm supporter Fig (2) and wrist pad Fig (5) can be varied depending upon the arm
length of the patient. The minimum length that the can be incorporated is 9.5 inches and the
maximum length is 13 inches.
The minimum length is obtained by fixing the threaded rod projecting from the arm supporter to the
farthest hole of the wrist pad. The maximum length is obtained by fixing the threaded rod projecting
from the arm supporter to the nearest hole of the wrist pad Fig (5).
The arm supporter can be stopped at any elevation by cutting the supply of fluid to actuator Fig (1)
with the help of syringe Fig (3).
The device can also be placed at any arbitrary angle with respect to the table, so that the arm can be
elevated to suit specific applications.
3. DRAWINGS &DESCRIPTION:
Actuator Mechanism Calculation [Fig (1)]:
Fig 1.1 Fig 1.2 Fig 1.3
The hydraulic actuator is the most ‘critical component’ of the mechanism. Basically, it’s a single acting
telescopic actuator with 3 hydraulic cylinders stacked upon each other and move one inside the other. The
base can be clamped on the top of the table by nut and bolt arrangement. Initially, it rests as shown in Fig
(1.1). Once, the pressure is applied on the handle of Fig (4) the hydraulic pressure is transported to Fig (1)
through an incompressible fluid passing through Fig (7). This vertically pushes up the extending cylinders
inside Fig (1) which in turn pushes Fig (2) through Fig (8) as depicted in Fig (1.2). Fig (1.3) enlightens the
cross-sectional view of cylinder movement which is guided and sealed along the circumference. There are
rubber seals between the mating surfaces of 2 cylinders to prevent leakage of hydraulic fluid through edges.
The basis of sizing the actuator is as follows:
Diameter of Fig (4) = 1 inch.
Load applied by pushing force on the second arm = 50 N (reference from US center of health and safety).
Load applied on Fig (1) = 80 N (Std. human arm weight acting while sitting on a chair and performing
exercises).
Diameter of smallest cylinder in Fig (1) = 1.22 inch. (By Pascal’s law i.e, F1/A1 = F2/A2)
The successive diameters of the extending cylinders are evaluated based on minimum thickness of the
actuator to withstand the pressure, minimum clearance for casting the actuator, seal thickness. Same was
arrived to be 1.69 inch and 2.17 inch.
Since, the maximum pressure occurs at the top most cylinder in Fig (1). The major chance of failure is through
the ‘hoop stress’ generated due to the pressure. The cylinder wall thickness is obtained by computing
whether the provided thickness is sufficient for withstanding the hoop stress.
Diameter (d) = 1.22 inch
Hoop stress (σ) = Yield Stress (σy)/ Factor of safety
Factor of safety = 4 [General design criteria for project]
σy = 50 MPa ( Aluminum Grade 6061)
4. σ = (P * d) / (2 * t) = (0.1 MPa * 1.22) / (2 * t) = 12.5
t = 0.004 inch. Hence, we have provided uniform standard thickness of 2.5 mm (0.1 inch) for the actuator.
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS:
1. Drawing A represents an exploded view of wireframe assembly model along with the different labels
each part represents.
2. Drawing B depicts the various degrees of motions the device can attain.
3. Drawing C represents the back side view to show the height of arm resting position from the top of
table.
4. Drawing D represents plan view of the device to show the minimum arm length at the lowermost
position of arm support. Also, the interconnections are made visible in hidden.
5. Drawing E represents right side view of the device to show the maximum arm length at the
lowermost position of arm support
6. Drawing F represents perspective views of the device of maximum and minimum arm lengths at is at
elevated position (450 from the horizontal).
7. Drawing G represents isometric view of solid model.
CLAIMS:
We claim:
1. A portable, table top arm supporter tailored to motivate stroke victims (in particular) or any users to
do their regular activities with the hand buckled to it through elastic straps. This also comprises a
wrist pad which is adjustable to suit different customers having different arm lengths.
2. The arm supporter of claim 1 is powered by:
Hydraulically powered single acting telescopic actuator which is self-locking and provides wide
range of positions by holding the arm supporter at various positions through a pin.
3. The actuator of claim 2 is triggered by:
A syringe and piston arrangement that injects pressurized fluid into the actuator through
flexible/rigid interconnecting tubing. The syringe and piston are custom made for this device.
4. The arm supporter of claim 1 is hinged by:
Base clamps on either side that is locked by nuts at ends to generate to and fro motion.
Drawing (A)
Figure
Part
represented
Fig 1 Actuator
Fig 2 Arm Supporter
Fig 3 Syringe
Fig 4 Piston
Fig 5 Wrist Pad
Fig 6 Base Clamp
Fig 7
Interconnecting
tube
Fig 8 ‘L’ Pin
Fig 9 Tube connector