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400kV_Switchyard_Training_with_Diagrams.pptx
- 1. Training Module: 400kVSwitchyard Operation, Maintenance, Testing, and Protection • Training Module: 400kV Switchyard Operation, Maintenance, Testing, and Protection • Presenter Name • Date
- 2. Training Objectives • Understandthe structure and functions of 400kV switchyard components • Learn safe and correct operation of 400kV equipment • Know maintenance and testing protocols for 400kV systems • Understand protection schemes at 400kV level • Follow safety and documentation procedures
- 3. Overview of ElectricalPower System • Generation → Transmission → Distribution • 400kV role: Bulk power transmission • Importance of switchyards in system reliability
- 4. Types of Switchyards •Air Insulated Switchgear (AIS) • Gas Insulated Switchgear (GIS) • Hybrid Switchyards
- 5. 400kV Switchyard Layouts •One-line diagrams overview • Physical layout characteristics for 400kV systems • Key layout considerations (safety clearances, busbar arrangements)
- 6. Major Components of400kV Switchyard • Power Transformers (400/220kV, 315MVA+) • Circuit Breakers (SF6 type, 400kV rated) • Isolators/Disconnectors (motor-operated) • Current Transformers (CTs) & Capacitor Voltage Transformers (CVTs) • Lightning Arresters • Busbars (quad moose or equivalent) • Control & Relay Panels (numerical relays)
- 7. Practical Session • Sitevisit or virtual tour of 400kV switchyard • Study physical components and layout • Q&A
- 8. Operational Philosophy • Loadflow management in 400kV transmission • Synchronization of 400kV lines
- 9. Operating Procedures • CircuitBreaker operation under 400kV protocols • Isolator and Earth switch operation (motorized) • Standard switching sequence for 400kV lines and transformers
- 10. Coordination with SLDC/RLDC& SCADA • Communication protocols for 400kV operations • SCADA and remote control systems
- 11. Operational Hazards and Mitigation •Induction effects in 400kV lines • Safety grounding and back-feed control
- 12. Practical Exercises • Simulationof 400kV switching sequences • SCADA demo (if available)
- 13. Maintenance Types Overview •Preventive Maintenance in high-voltage environments • Predictive Maintenance using DGA, IR, and thermography
- 14. Circuit Breaker Maintenance •Contact wear analysis • SF6 gas pressure checks • Lubrication and mechanical inspection
- 15. Isolator Maintenance • Motoroperation check • Alignment and lubrication
- 16. CTs and CVTsMaintenance • Insulation resistance measurement • Secondary circuit testing
- 17. Power Transformer Maintenance •Dissolved Gas Analysis (DGA) • Insulation testing • Breakdown voltage (BDV) tests
- 18. Maintenance Tools andRecord Keeping • Checklists • Infrared cameras and gas analyzers • Online monitoring systems
- 19. Practical Exercises • DGAinterpretation • IR thermography practice • Mock maintenance
- 20. Equipment Testing Overview •Importance of testing in 400kV switchyards • Test schedules and protocols
- 21. Circuit Breaker Testing •Timing tests (primary injection) • Contact resistance tests
- 22. Transformer Testing • Turnsratio test • Insulation resistance (IR) and Tan Delta tests • Sweep Frequency Response Analysis (SFRA)
- 23. CT/PT Testing • Ratioand polarity tests • Insulation tests
- 24. Protection Principles • Primaryand backup protection concepts • Zones of protection in EHV transmission
- 25. Protection Schemes at400kV • Transformer Differential Protection (87T) • Busbar Protection (87B) • Distance Protection (21) • Overcurrent and Earth Fault Protection (50/51, 50N/51N)
- 26. Relay Testing andSettings • Secondary injection testing • Distance relay zone settings and coordination
- 27. Practical Demonstrations • Relaytesting with Omicron kits or equivalent • Setting configurations and simulations
- 28. Electrical Safety Practices •PPE and Safety Gear for 400kV work • Permit to Work (PTW) systems • Lockout-Tagout (LOTO) procedures • Safe earthing practices
- 29. Emergency Procedures • Arcflash risk mitigation • Oil fire and gas leak response protocols
- 30. Reporting and Documentation •Daily logbooks • Test and maintenance reports • Disturbance and fault analysis reports
- 31. Assessment and Feedback •Written test overview • Practical demonstration assessment • Participant feedback process
- 32. Closing and Certification •Summary of key learning points • Certification details • Q&A and final remarks
Editor's Notes
- #1 Expand on slide content as needed.
- #2 Explain the importance of understanding the 400kV switchyard components and their role in reliable power transmission. Emphasize safety, operation, maintenance, testing, and protection.
- #3 Briefly describe the flow of electrical power from generation through transmission to distribution. Highlight the 400kV level's role in bulk power transmission and the critical function of switchyards.
- #4 Introduce Air Insulated Switchgear (AIS), Gas Insulated Switchgear (GIS), and Hybrid types. Discuss pros and cons briefly.
- #5 Show one-line diagrams and physical layouts. Explain safety clearances and busbar arrangements.
- #6 Discuss key equipment: transformers, breakers, isolators, CTs, CVTs, lightning arresters, busbars, and control panels.
- #7 Encourage participants to observe real equipment and layouts during site visits or virtual tours.
- #8 Explain how load flow is managed and how synchronization of lines at 400kV works.
- #9 Explain standard procedures for breaker and isolator operation. Highlight importance of following sequences to maintain system stability.
- #10 Explain communication protocols with control centers. Show how SCADA facilitates remote operation and monitoring.
- #11 Discuss hazards such as induction effects and back-feed. Explain grounding and safety practices.
- #12 Suggest simulation exercises and SCADA demonstrations for hands-on learning.
- #13 Describe preventive and predictive maintenance. Introduce diagnostic tools like DGA and thermography.
- #14 Explain SF6 breaker maintenance tasks including gas pressure checks and mechanical inspections.
- #15 Explain motor operation checks and lubrication needs.
- #16 Describe insulation resistance measurements and secondary testing.
- #17 Detail dissolved gas analysis, insulation tests, and BDV tests.
- #18 Discuss importance of checklists and modern tools like infrared cameras. Stress accurate record keeping.
- #19 Suggest simulation exercises and SCADA demonstrations for hands-on learning.
- #20 Explain the importance of regular testing and adherence to schedules.
- #21 Describe timing and contact resistance tests.
- #22 Explain turns ratio, IR, Tan Delta, and SFRA tests.
- #23 Discuss ratio, polarity, and insulation tests.
- #24 Explain primary and backup protection concepts. Define protection zones.
- #25 Discuss transformer differential, busbar, distance, overcurrent, and earth fault protection.
- #26 Describe secondary injection tests and relay coordination.
- #27 Encourage use of relay test kits and simulation software.
- #28 Stress the use of PPE, permit to work, LOTO, and safe earthing in 400kV environments.
- #29 Explain arc flash risks and emergency response for fires and gas leaks.
- #30 Emphasize importance of logs, test reports, and fault analysis documentation.
- #31 Explain written and practical tests and how feedback improves training.
- #32 Summarize key points, describe certification, and open for Q&A.