The document discusses 3D video analysis techniques for analyzing the high jump technique of decathletes. It describes analyzing the run-up phase, take-off phase, flight phase, and landing to detect important biomechanical details. Specific parameters like center of gravity height and velocities are measured. Technique elements for each phase are also outlined, such as maintaining an optimal center of gravity position throughout the run-up and generating sufficient vertical velocity and rotations during take-off. Comparing the techniques of different athletes can provide insights to improve performance.

1. “3D videoanalysis of the high jump: the technique of different decathletes” Gaspar Epro

2. High jump What is the goal of the high jump? To get over a higher bar than the other athletes... But how? 06.10.2011 1st European Decathlon Conference 2

3. Run! Jump! Arch! 06.10.2011 1st European Decathlon Conference 3

4. Easy. Isn’t it? A bit of practise and you’ve got it! 06.10.2011 1st European Decathlon Conference 4

5. If it were so easy, every single athlete, who is training for some event, would be like... 06.10.2011 1st European Decathlon Conference 5

6. 06.10.2011 1st European Decathlon Conference 6 High jump, like every other sport, needs a lot of hard work and talent, but even if you work really hard, you might not get it right... You need get your technique right, precise and constant!

7. 06.10.2011 1st European Decathlon Conference 7 Decathletes have 10 different events, 10 challenges in 2 days, they need to focus on getting their max in every single event! Every attempt counts, every attempt is worth points! They can’t let the fatigue win and destroy their technique!

8. 3D biomechanical videoanalysis Detect important details in athlete’s technique + compare different athletes Graphical 3D model Numerical data (CM velocities & positions, step lengths, take-off distance etc.) 06.10.2011 1st European Decathlon Conference 8

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10. What is required? min. 2 highspeed cameras (atleast 50 Hz) min. 1 calibration object a 3D programme to calculate the coordinates of the athlete (+ a statistic program to calculate the data) 06.10.2011 1st European Decathlon Conference 10

11. My Master-study Goal Register various biomechanical parameters important to high jump 06.10.2011 1st European Decathlon Conference 11

12. HJ phases Run-up phase Take-off phase Flight phase (Bar clearence) Landing 06.10.2011 1st European Decathlon Conference 12

13. HJ result Depends highly on the maximal height of the jumper’s COG (center of gravity) in the bar clearence phase (hmax) 06.10.2011 1st European Decathlon Conference 13

14. Vvert and hmax 06.10.2011 1st European Decathlon Conference 14 hmax Vvert

15. Vhor and Vvert 06.10.2011 1st European Decathlon Conference 15 Vvert TO VhorTD

16. Vhor and hmax 06.10.2011 1st European Decathlon Conference 16 hmax Vhor TD

17. Run-up Usually 7-10 strides Straight part (first strides) Curve part (last 3-5 strides) Goal: To get your body into an optimal position for the start of the take-off phase! 06.10.2011 1st European Decathlon Conference 17 Path of the run-up Path of the COG

18. Run-up keypoints Accelerate (fastest in the end on run-up) aka SLOW to FAST Lean inwards to the curve Take-off preparation (penultimate and last stride) 06.10.2011 1st European Decathlon Conference 18

19. Lateral lean in the curve run-up 06.10.2011 1st European Decathlon Conference 19 Optimal lean Upper body out Upper body in

20. Lateral lean Depends on the radius of the curve and the horizontal velocity of the run-up The larger the curve radius, the smaller the lateral lean The faster the run-up horizontal velocity, the greater the lean 06.10.2011 1st European Decathlon Conference 20

21. Take-off preparation Penultimate stride slightly longer and last stride a bit shorter (LONG-SHORT). Variations among athletes. COG should be the lowest at the penultimate ground contact! The hardest part is to accelerate or atleast maintain the velocity produced with the previous strides! 06.10.2011 1st European Decathlon Conference 21

22. Take-off preparation Get over the penultimate ground contact as fast as possible! Push yourself from the penultimate to the take-off! Push the hips forward to get to the optimal position for take-off! Take-off leg should lead the upper body at the start of take-off phase (TD)! 06.10.2011 1st European Decathlon Conference 22

23. 06.10.2011 1st European Decathlon Conference 23 Drozdov 2.14 (o) Eaton 2.02 (o) Šebrle 1.99 (o) Van der Plaetesen 2.17 (x)

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29. Take-off Goal: To produce enough vertical velocity and rotations to be able to clear the bar! 06.10.2011 1st European Decathlon Conference 29

30. 06.10.2011 1st European Decathlon Conference 30 TO Vresultant Vvert_active (Muscle Contr.) Vvert_passive TD Vhor

31. Take-off Start of the take-off (TD) Amortization End of the take-off (TO) 06.10.2011 1st European Decathlon Conference 31 Touch-down Amortization Take-off

32. TD angle 06.10.2011 1st European Decathlon Conference 32 hmax αTD

33. TD angle and the path of vert. acceleration 06.10.2011 1st European Decathlon Conference 33 Path of the vert. acceleration αTD

34. Path of vert. acceleration and hmax 06.10.2011 1st European Decathlon Conference 34 hmax αTD Path of the vert. acceleration

35. Free limbs action 06.10.2011 1st European Decathlon Conference 35 More active free limb use might increase the height of the COG in the end of takeoff phase up to 10%

36. The trajectory of the COG cannot be changed after leaving the ground! The COG trajectory is determined with the rotations and velocities produced in the take-off and run-up! 06.10.2011 1st European Decathlon Conference 36

37. 06.10.2011 1st European Decathlon Conference 37 LRTO BFTO LRTD BFTD Frontal moment of inertia Lateral moment of inertia Lateral rotation Frontal rotation Vertical rotation Resultant rotation

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40. Take-off distance 06.10.2011 1st European Decathlon Conference 40 TOD

41. TOD and Vhor at the TD The higher the horizontal velocity and the bar, the further is athlete’s take-off point Depends on the amount of created inertia 06.10.2011 1st European Decathlon Conference 41

42. Flight phase Goal: To get over the bar as efficiently as possible! Athlete cannot change the flight of the COG, but it’s possible to move one part of the body, if other parts are moved to another direction! (ACTION-REACTION principle) 06.10.2011 1st European Decathlon Conference 42 ACTION (lower the head and upper body) REACTION (hips raise)

43. Flight 06.10.2011 1st European Decathlon Conference 43 Straight take-off leg Half Sit-Kick-Flop Sit-Kick-Flop

44. Bar clearence 06.10.2011 1st European Decathlon Conference 44

45. Bar clearence 06.10.2011 1st European Decathlon Conference 45 γBAR hmax height from the bar (h3)

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53. Conclusion Aim for faster optimal horizontal velocities in the end of run-up (transform more hor. velocity to vertical with no decrease in the muscle contraction mechanisms in the take-off) to produce higher vertical velocity Penultimate stride (fast over + push) Increase the path of vertical acceleration without losing the velocity (reasonable lateral and backward lean) Generate appropriate amount of rotations in the take-off phase to clear the bar 06.10.2011 1st European Decathlon Conference 53

54. Recommended literature http://www.indiana.edu/~sportbm/High-Jump-Report-29-2006-Women.pdf http://www.indiana.edu/~sportbm/High-Jump-Report-32-2007-Men.pdf Killing, Wolfgang. Trainings- und Bewegungslehre des Hochsprungs (ed. 1, 2004; ed. 2, 2009) www.jumpscoach.eu 06.10.2011 1st European Decathlon Conference 54

55. 06.10.2011 1st European Decathlon Conference 55 Thank you for listening! Questions?