1. Human Learning
Topic 12 - 2: Special Issues: Timing
CEDP324 Ryan Sain, Ph.D. 1 3/29/2012
2. What is timing?
Effects of stimuli are determined by durations or
distributions in time
Identifying that time has passed – and responding in a
different manner
Habituation, sensitization, spontaneous recovery
Classical conditioning
Operant conditioning
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3. Studying timing
Timing as a biological process
Environmental clues must be ruled out
Clocks ticking
Sun rising
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4. Timing techniques
Duration estimation
Discrimination task
Sd is the duration of an event
Match to sample procedure
Peak procedure
Sd presented
After specified time passes a response will produce Sr
Responding follows a generalization gradient
CEDP324 Ryan Sain, Ph.D. 4 3/29/2012
5. Time out!
Using a peak
procedure
20 second peak 10 second delay
20 second No delay
Introduce a break in
the Sd
10 seconds
Sd only presented for
20 seconds total
10 20 30 40
The peak shifts by that
amount of break
CEDP324 Ryan Sain, Ph.D. 5 3/29/2012
6. Theories
Cognitive – Scalar Expectancy Theory
Pacemaker Switch accumulator (sums)
Send that info to working memory
Then compare that to the stimulus and decide if you should
respond
Behavioral
Adjunctive behavior (waiting behaviors)
Finger tapping, etc
Those occur in a particular pattern
After the pattern is complete the interval should be over
CEDP324 Ryan Sain, Ph.D. 6 3/29/2012