Java is a programming language and computing platform originally developed by Sun Microsystems. It was first released in 1995. Key aspects of Java include its APIs, JVM, JRE, and JDK. The JVM is an abstract machine that enables computers to run Java programs. The JRE provides the runtime environment including libraries and files needed to run Java programs. The JDK includes the JVM plus tools like a compiler and documentation generator used for developing Java programs.