This document provides an introduction to Java programming concepts including: 1. Java was originally created by Sun Microsystems in 1991 for consumer electronics and later adapted for internet programming. 2. Java code is compiled to bytecode that can be run on any system with a Java Virtual Machine, making it platform independent. 3. Key characteristics of Java include being simple, object-oriented, distributed, interpreted, robust, secure, architecture-neutral, portable, multithreaded, and dynamic.

1. CS433 – Advance
Programming

2. Home Work
• Java Stands for?
• Installation of latest SDK-JDK
• How to set java variable(s) in Windows/Linux?

3. Java - An Introduction
• Java - The new programming language developed by Sun
Microsystems in 1991.
• Originally called Oak by James Gosling, one of the inventors of the
Java Language.
• HotJava
• The first Java-enabled Web browser
• JDK Evolutions
• J2SE, J2ME, and J2EE (not mentioned in the book, but could discuss
here optionally)

4. Java Introduction
• Originally created for consumer electronics (TV, VCR, Freeze, Washing
Machine, Mobile Phone).
• Java - CPU Independent language
• Internet and Web was just emerging, so Sun turned it into a language
of Internet Programming.
• It allows you to publish a webpage with Java code in it.

5. 5
Characteristics of Java
• Java is simple
• Java is object-oriented
• Java is distributed
• Java is interpreted
• Java is robust
• Java is secure
• Java is architecture-neutral
• Java is portable
• Java’s performance
• Java is multithreaded
• Java is dynamic

6. Write once, run anywhere

7. Java is Compiled and Interpreted
Text Editor Compiler Interpreter
Programmer
Source Code
.java file
Byte Code
.class file
Hardware and
Operating System
Notepad,
emacs,vi
java
c
java
appletviewer
netscape

8. Compiled Languages
Text Editor Compiler linker
Programmer
Source Code
.c file
Object
Code
.o file
Notepad,
emacs,vi
gcc
Executable
Code
a.out file

9. Total Platform Independence
JAVA COMPILER
JAVA BYTE CODE
JAVA INTERPRETER
Windows 95 Macintosh Solaris Windows NT
(translator)
(same for all platforms)
(one for each different system)

10. Architecture Neutral & Portable
• Java Compiler - Java source code (file with extension .java) to
bytecode (file with extension .class)
• Bytecode - an intermediate form, closer to machine representation
• A interpreter (virtual machine) on any target platform interprets the
bytecode.

11. Rich Class Environment
• Core Classes
language
Utilities
Input/Output
Low-Level Networking
Abstract Graphical User Interface
• Internet Classes
TCP/IP Networking
WWW and HTML
Distributed Programs

12. 12
JDK Versions
• JDK 1.02 (1995)
• JDK 1.1 (1996)
• Java 2 SDK v 1.2 (a.k.a JDK 1.2, 1998)
• Java 2 SDK v 1.3 (a.k.a JDK 1.3, 2000)
• Java 2 SDK v 1.4 (a.k.a JDK 1.4, 2002)
• Find the latest release details … ?

13. 13
JDK Editions
• Java Standard Edition (J2SE)
• J2SE can be used to develop client-side standalone
applications or applets.
• Java Enterprise Edition (J2EE)
• J2EE can be used to develop server-side applications
such as Java servlets and Java ServerPages.
• Java Micro Edition (J2ME).
• J2ME can be used to develop applications for mobile
devices such as cell phones.

14. 14
Java IDE Tools
• JDK/JRE,
• Eclipse, Net Bean
• BlueJ
• GlassFish
• Tomcat,
• Borland JBuilder,
• Sun ONE Studio by
Sun MicroSystems
• Forte by Sun
MicroSystems
• Borland JBuilder
• Microsoft Visual J++
• WebGain Café
• IBM Visual Age for
Java

15. Home Reading

16. How Does Java Compares to C++ and Other
OO Languages

17. Overlap of C, C++, and Java
C
C++
Java

18. Java better than C++ ?
• No Typedefs, Defines, or Preprocessor
• No Global Variables
• No Goto statements
• No Pointers
• No Unsafe Structures
• No Multiple Inheritance
• No Operator Overloading
• No Automatic Coercions
• No Fragile Data Types

19. Object Oriented Languages -A Comparison
Feature C++ Objective
C
Ada Java
Encapsulation Yes Yes Yes Yes
Inheritance Yes Yes No Yes
Multiple Inherit. Yes Yes No No
Polymorphism Yes Yes Yes Yes
Binding (Early or Late) Both Both Early Late
Concurrency Poor Poor Difficult Yes
Garbage Collection No Yes No Yes
Genericity Yes No Yes Limited
Class Libraries Yes Yes Limited Yes

20. Java Integrates
Power of Compiled Languages
and
Flexibility of Interpreted
Languages

21. Applications v/s Applets
• Different ways to run a Java executable are:
Application- A stand-alone program that can be invoked from
command line . A program that has a “main” method
Applet- A program embedded in a web page , to be run when the
page is browsed . A program that contains no “main” method

22. Applets v/s Applications
• Different ways to run a Java executable are
Application- A stand-alone program that can be invoked from
command line . A program that has a “main” method
Applet- A program embedded in a web page , to be run when the
page is browsed . A program that contains no “main” method
• Application –Executed by the Java interpreter.
• Applet- Java enabled web browser.