The document discusses the concept of equality, emphasizing its opposition to discrimination based on gender, race, and economic status, and advocating for equal opportunities for all. It outlines three dimensions of equality: political, social, and economic, while elaborating on different perspectives including those of Karl Marx and liberal views. The document also suggests ways to promote equality, such as establishing formal equality, treating individuals differently to ensure equal rights, and implementing affirmative action measures.

1. 3. Equality
Equality:-
Equal respect and consideration to all the human being.
Equality opposes discrimination in gender, language, color, economic status.
No special preference.
It means equal opportunity for all.
Equality of opportunity
It means that every humanbeings have the same right and opportunities to develop their skills
and talents and to attain their goals and ambition.
Natural inequality: - created by birth.
Social inequality:- created by society.
Three Dimensions of Equality
1. Political Equality
It guarantee participation of all citizens in a Democratic process.
Essential for proper development of citizens
It include equal citizenship to all member of society.
Right to vote, freedom of expression, right to contest in election,
2. Social Equality
It guarantee minimum condition of life to all the member of the society
There is no discrimination on basis of caste.color,sex, place of birth, gender etc.
No special privilege
It include minimum life condition to all citizens- education, healthcare, minimum wage,
reservation to backwardness.
3. Economic Equality
It means equitable enjoyment of economic resources by all individual the state.
Difference in property and income creates economic inequality
Democratic societies try to reduce the gap between rich and poor by providing equal
opportunity to all.

2. Different views of equality
1. Karl Marx's view of equality
Karl Marx argued'equality was as crucial as freedom'.
Karl Marx argued that private ownership of property is cause of inequality. And
suggested public control over property to tackle inequality.
2. Liberal views of equality
Everyone should give equal consideration according to their merit.
Equal consideration in all respects.
Socialism:- against capitalism, aim- welfare of the state.
Feminism:- a political doctrine of equal right for women and men.
How can promote equality
Achieve equality through 3 different ways
1. Establishing formal equality
Achieve equality by ending formal system of inequality and privilege.
2. Equality through different treatment
It is necessary to treat people differently in order to ensure that they can enjoy equal
rights
Special care given to disabled person, children's, women.
3. Affirmative action
Affirmation action are the positive measures taken to minimize and eliminate form of
social inequality.
Eg:- scholarship and hostel facility to weaker section, reservation system.