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Castles are strong, fortified structures surrounded by walls and moats. They contain a high, thick outer wall with a path along the top that encloses the entire structure. Within is a main tower called the tower of homage, which serves as the lord's residence and sometimes contains a basement for storing food.
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This document provides information about Scottish castles as a cultural attraction for visitors. It outlines an itinerary that includes flying into Edinburgh and staying in a five-star hotel, taking a luxury bus to visit castles like Edinburgh Castle and Urquhart Castle, and taking a cruise on Loch Ness near Inverness. Details are given about some of the notable castles, including their locations, histories, and features. Edinburgh Castle is noted as being built on a volcanic rock overlooking the city with a bronze-age settlement from 1000 BC and numerous buildings and walls today.
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This document provides information about castles in Scotland and a tour package to visit several of them. It outlines an itinerary that includes flying into Edinburgh and staying in a five-star hotel, taking a luxury bus to visit Urquhart Castle near Inverness and other castles, and taking a cruise on Loch Ness. Brief histories are given for several castles, including Edinburgh Castle, Urquhart Castle, Craigievar Castle, Fraser Castle, and Balmoral Castle. Balmoral Castle is described as being located on a large estate with wildlife and having exhibits, gardens, shops, and a restaurant. Edinburgh Castle is highlighted as having a bronze-age settlement from 1000 BC and numerous buildings, walls,
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El documento describe cuatro lugares importantes en Oviedo: la Catedral de Oviedo y su Cámara Santa, el Estadio Carlos Tartiere con su campo de fútbol, banda de gaitas y palco de honor, la estatua de Mafalda y su hermano, y el Palacio de los Deportes.
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El documento presenta una guía sobre la ciudad de Oviedo en España. Brevemente describe que Oviedo es la capital de la región de Asturias con unos 200,000 habitantes y un casco antiguo medieval, y destaca varios monumentos, sitios para visitar, calles, patrimonio histórico y estatuas importantes, así como los mejores restaurantes.
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El documento habla sobre el patrimonio cultural y el claustro. Brevemente describe algunos aspectos importantes del patrimonio cultural y la función del claustro para preservar y difundir la cultura.
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The document discusses military orders during the Crusades. Military orders were religious organizations led by the Pope that were sent to areas near Jerusalem or the Iberian Peninsula to conquer territories for Christianity. They played an important role as elite troops in the Crusader armies and also administered conquered lands like the Kingdom of Jerusalem. The Pope had close relationships with the leaders of these orders and used them to help organize the Crusades, governing captured lands either directly or indirectly through the orders.
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Guilds were partnerships formed during the Low Middle Ages between master craftsmen, journeymen, and apprentices of the same trade. They controlled supply and prices, ensured prosperity and security for members, regulated work activity and training, established a strict hierarchy, and protected members from misfortune. Throughout the 18th century, guilds, which were already weakened institutions of feudal character, disappeared as they were replaced by private initiative and free industry and commerce of capitalism.
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The Inquisition was established in the Middle Ages by the Roman Catholic Church to investigate and punish crimes against faith, free thinking, and heresy. Suspects were prosecuted without knowing who denounced them and could face punishments ranging from imprisonment to death by burning at the stake. Many scientists and women accused of witchcraft faced persecution. The Spanish Inquisition grew particularly powerful during the 15th century, using its influence to persecute Jews and Muslims for political and economic gain under infamous inquisitors like Tomás de Torquemada.
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This document summarizes 10 medieval inventions that changed the world: 1) the mechanical clock, which allowed for accurate time measurement and changed work schedules; 2) the printing press, which enabled mass book production; 3) gunpowder, which revolutionized warfare; 4) water and wind mills, which harnessed natural energy; 5) banknotes, a precursor to modern paper currency; 6) cafes, which became popular social spaces; and 7) glasses, which corrected vision problems. Overall, while the Middle Ages had difficulties, it was also a period of important inventions that helped advance humanity.
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Gothic art developed between the 12th and 15th centuries and was characterized by pointed arches, ribbed vaults, and flying buttresses that allowed for taller buildings with large windows. Gothic cathedrals featured cruciform plans with multiple naves and chapels and competed to be the largest and most impressive buildings. Stained glass windows protected the interior from the cold while filling cathedrals with colorful light symbolizing divine illumination.
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This document summarizes the key characteristics and construction elements of Gothic architecture. It describes common building materials like stone and stained glass and defining features such as pointed arches, ribbed vaults, and flying buttresses. It also provides examples of major Gothic cathedrals across Europe, including Notre Dame Cathedral and prominent cathedrals found in Spain and the region of Asturias.
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Stained glass was an important artistic technique used in Gothic cathedrals between the 1100s-1500s. It allowed light to illuminate the naves with transformed, sacred light. Stained glass windows symbolized the relationship between light and the divine. They were made by cutting colored glass, leading it into designs, and firing the pieces. The Cathedral of Leon has one of the largest and most complete collections of medieval stained glass windows in the world, with over 737 windows total divided between its rosettes, high windows, and windows at the head and feet.
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- 1. The castles
- 2. ¿What are the castles? A castle is a strong place, surrounded by walls, moats and other fortifications.
- 3. Parts of the castle The wall. • All the whole enclosure is surrounded by a high and thick wall with a path that runs on its top. La muralla • Todo el recinto va cercado de una alta y gruesa muralla con un camino que recorre su parte superior.
- 4. The tower of homage • Is the main tower that also serves as residence of the lord and occasionally as stores of food in the basement.
- 5. FIN CARMEN ROZA MERA Nº27 2ºA