Легалізація громадських, благодійних організацій, ОСББ, ОСНLawngo
Новий практичний посібник «Легалізація та держреєстрація громадських, благодійних організацій, інших організацій у сфері місцевого розвитку» у частині процедур реєстрації благодійних та громадських організацій доповнений та змінений із врахуванням нових положень законодавства, а також підходів у практиці, враховуючи дворічну роботу програми правової підтримки неурядових організацій Центру громадської адвокатури, надання правових консультації, складання документів на реєстрацію організацій, іншого правового супроводу громадських ініціатив.
www.lawngo.net
Este documento describe un proyecto para fortalecer áreas del conocimiento mediante el uso de software especializado. El objetivo general es verificar cómo el manejo de software puede fortalecer el aprendizaje. Se capacitó a estudiantes en el uso de programas de inglés, sociales y matemáticas para mejorar vocabulario, conocimiento de ciudades y funciones. Si bien el aprendizaje mejoró inicialmente, los estudiantes tuvieron dificultades para mantener los conocimientos a largo plazo sin repaso continuo.
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La WebQuest es una herramienta de aprendizaje guiado que utiliza recursos de Internet. Fue desarrollada en 1995 y promueve el uso de habilidades cognitivas superiores. Existen tres tipos principales de WebQuest - corto plazo, largo plazo y miniWebQuest. Las partes esenciales son la introducción, tarea, proceso, recursos, evaluación, conclusión y créditos.
Легалізація громадських, благодійних організацій, ОСББ, ОСНLawngo
Новий практичний посібник «Легалізація та держреєстрація громадських, благодійних організацій, інших організацій у сфері місцевого розвитку» у частині процедур реєстрації благодійних та громадських організацій доповнений та змінений із врахуванням нових положень законодавства, а також підходів у практиці, враховуючи дворічну роботу програми правової підтримки неурядових організацій Центру громадської адвокатури, надання правових консультації, складання документів на реєстрацію організацій, іншого правового супроводу громадських ініціатив.
www.lawngo.net
Este documento describe un proyecto para fortalecer áreas del conocimiento mediante el uso de software especializado. El objetivo general es verificar cómo el manejo de software puede fortalecer el aprendizaje. Se capacitó a estudiantes en el uso de programas de inglés, sociales y matemáticas para mejorar vocabulario, conocimiento de ciudades y funciones. Si bien el aprendizaje mejoró inicialmente, los estudiantes tuvieron dificultades para mantener los conocimientos a largo plazo sin repaso continuo.
Este documento presenta un resumen de los conceptos básicos de los cómics y la historieta. Explica que una historieta es una serie de dibujos que cuentan una historia con o sin texto. Señala que utilizan ilustraciones yuxtapuestas para transmitir información o provocar una respuesta estética en el lector. También menciona que los cómics han evolucionado para influir en otros medios como la publicidad, el diseño y el cine.
La WebQuest es una herramienta de aprendizaje guiado que utiliza recursos de Internet. Fue desarrollada en 1995 y promueve el uso de habilidades cognitivas superiores. Existen tres tipos principales de WebQuest - corto plazo, largo plazo y miniWebQuest. Las partes esenciales son la introducción, tarea, proceso, recursos, evaluación, conclusión y créditos.
Painel de cotrolo(beatriz, carina, carolina e ines)nonoano_terceira
O documento descreve as ferramentas disponíveis no Painel de Controlo do Windows para gerir diferentes aspectos do sistema como a rede, hardware, programas, contas de utilizador e segurança. Fornece também detalhes sobre ferramentas adicionais como o Bloco de Notas, Calculadora e ferramentas de limpeza e restauro do sistema.
O documento discute as vantagens dos computadores de secretária versus portáteis, e fatores a considerar ao escolher como processador, memória, tamanho de tela, bateria e preço. Deve-se escolher um processador com vários núcleos, memória suficiente, tela grande para produtividade, e bateria duradoura para portáteis. Comprar online é prático, mas em lojas pode avaliar melhor os equipamentos.
Este documento discute a importância da vivência e da ludicidade na educação física para promover o desenvolvimento pessoal dos alunos. Ele destaca que as atividades físicas, sociais e lúdicas em grupo podem melhorar a autoconfiança, respeito mútuo e cooperação entre os estudantes. O documento também defende que a educação deve desenvolver a criança como um todo, incluindo seu corpo por meio de jogos.
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The document discusses concurrency and synchronization in distributed computing. It provides an overview of Petr Kuznetsov's research at Telecom ParisTech, which includes algorithms and models for distributed systems. Some key points discussed are:
- Concurrency is important due to multi-core processors and distributed systems being everywhere. However, synchronization between concurrent processes introduces challenges.
- Common synchronization problems include mutual exclusion, readers-writers problems, and producer-consumer problems. Tools for synchronization include semaphores, transactional memory, and non-blocking algorithms.
- Characterizing distributed computing models and determining what problems can be solved in a given model is an important area of research, with implications for distributed system design.
The document discusses weakly supervised learning from video and images using convolutional neural networks. It describes using scripts as weak supervision for learning actions from movies without explicit labeling. Methods are presented for jointly learning actors and actions from scripts, and for action learning with ordering constraints. The use of CNNs for object and action recognition in images is also summarized, including work on training CNNs using only image-level labels without bounding boxes.
This document discusses common C++ bugs and tools to find them. It describes various types of memory access bugs like buffer overflows on the stack, heap, and globals that can lead to crashes or security vulnerabilities. Threading bugs like data races, deadlocks, and race conditions on object destruction are also covered. Other undefined behaviors like initialization order issues, lack of sequence points, and integer overflows are explained. The document provides examples of each type of bug and emphasizes that undefined behavior does not guarantee a predictable result. It concludes with a quiz to find bugs in a code sample and links to additional reading materials.
AddressSanitizer, ThreadSanitizer, and MemorySanitizer are compiler-based tools that detect bugs like buffer overflows, data races, and uninitialized memory reads in C/C++ programs. AddressSanitizer instruments loads and stores to detect out-of-bounds memory accesses. ThreadSanitizer intercepts synchronization calls to detect data races between threads. MemorySanitizer tracks initialized and uninitialized memory using shadow memory to find uses of uninitialized values. The tools have found thousands of bugs with low overhead. Future work includes supporting more platforms and languages and detecting additional bug classes.
This document discusses common C++ bugs and tools to find them. It describes various types of memory access bugs like buffer overflows on the stack, heap, and globals that can lead to crashes or security vulnerabilities. Threading bugs like data races, deadlocks, and race conditions on object destruction are also covered. Other undefined behaviors like initialization order issues, lack of sequence points, and integer overflows are explained. The document provides examples of each type of bug and quizzes the reader to find bugs in a code sample. It recommends resources for further reading on debugging techniques and thread sanitizers that can detect races and data races.
Painel de cotrolo(beatriz, carina, carolina e ines)nonoano_terceira
O documento descreve as ferramentas disponíveis no Painel de Controlo do Windows para gerir diferentes aspectos do sistema como a rede, hardware, programas, contas de utilizador e segurança. Fornece também detalhes sobre ferramentas adicionais como o Bloco de Notas, Calculadora e ferramentas de limpeza e restauro do sistema.
O documento discute as vantagens dos computadores de secretária versus portáteis, e fatores a considerar ao escolher como processador, memória, tamanho de tela, bateria e preço. Deve-se escolher um processador com vários núcleos, memória suficiente, tela grande para produtividade, e bateria duradoura para portáteis. Comprar online é prático, mas em lojas pode avaliar melhor os equipamentos.
Este documento discute a importância da vivência e da ludicidade na educação física para promover o desenvolvimento pessoal dos alunos. Ele destaca que as atividades físicas, sociais e lúdicas em grupo podem melhorar a autoconfiança, respeito mútuo e cooperação entre os estudantes. O documento também defende que a educação deve desenvolver a criança como um todo, incluindo seu corpo por meio de jogos.
The document discusses the benefits of farmers markets and the role of planners in supporting them. It outlines how farmers markets can help accomplish planning priorities like managing sprawl, fostering community sustainability, attracting talent, and inspiring great urban design. Markets provide economic opportunities, improve health and food security, and build a sense of community. However, they also face challenges as volunteer-run organizations. The document argues planners can help markets through public participation, technical assistance, and ensuring the public interest is considered in their development.
The document discusses concurrency and synchronization in distributed computing. It provides an overview of Petr Kuznetsov's research at Telecom ParisTech, which includes algorithms and models for distributed systems. Some key points discussed are:
- Concurrency is important due to multi-core processors and distributed systems being everywhere. However, synchronization between concurrent processes introduces challenges.
- Common synchronization problems include mutual exclusion, readers-writers problems, and producer-consumer problems. Tools for synchronization include semaphores, transactional memory, and non-blocking algorithms.
- Characterizing distributed computing models and determining what problems can be solved in a given model is an important area of research, with implications for distributed system design.
The document discusses weakly supervised learning from video and images using convolutional neural networks. It describes using scripts as weak supervision for learning actions from movies without explicit labeling. Methods are presented for jointly learning actors and actions from scripts, and for action learning with ordering constraints. The use of CNNs for object and action recognition in images is also summarized, including work on training CNNs using only image-level labels without bounding boxes.
This document discusses common C++ bugs and tools to find them. It describes various types of memory access bugs like buffer overflows on the stack, heap, and globals that can lead to crashes or security vulnerabilities. Threading bugs like data races, deadlocks, and race conditions on object destruction are also covered. Other undefined behaviors like initialization order issues, lack of sequence points, and integer overflows are explained. The document provides examples of each type of bug and emphasizes that undefined behavior does not guarantee a predictable result. It concludes with a quiz to find bugs in a code sample and links to additional reading materials.
AddressSanitizer, ThreadSanitizer, and MemorySanitizer are compiler-based tools that detect bugs like buffer overflows, data races, and uninitialized memory reads in C/C++ programs. AddressSanitizer instruments loads and stores to detect out-of-bounds memory accesses. ThreadSanitizer intercepts synchronization calls to detect data races between threads. MemorySanitizer tracks initialized and uninitialized memory using shadow memory to find uses of uninitialized values. The tools have found thousands of bugs with low overhead. Future work includes supporting more platforms and languages and detecting additional bug classes.
This document discusses common C++ bugs and tools to find them. It describes various types of memory access bugs like buffer overflows on the stack, heap, and globals that can lead to crashes or security vulnerabilities. Threading bugs like data races, deadlocks, and race conditions on object destruction are also covered. Other undefined behaviors like initialization order issues, lack of sequence points, and integer overflows are explained. The document provides examples of each type of bug and quizzes the reader to find bugs in a code sample. It recommends resources for further reading on debugging techniques and thread sanitizers that can detect races and data races.
This document provides examples and snippets of code for MapReduce, Pig, Hive, Spark, Shark, and Disco frameworks. It also includes two sections of references for related papers and Disco documentation. The examples demonstrate basic MapReduce jobs with drivers, mappers, and reducers in Java, Pig and Hive queries, Spark and Shark table operations, and a Disco MapReduce job.
18. Ãèëüáåðòîâñêàÿ ñèñòåìà H
11 ñõåì àêñèîì:
1. A → (B → A)
2. (A → (B → C )) → ((A → B) → (A → C ))
3. (A ∧ B) → A
4. (A ∧ B) → B
5. A → (B → (A ∧ B))
6. A → (A ∨ B)
7. B → (A ∨ B)
8. (A → C ) → ((B → C ) → (A ∨ B → C ))
9. ¬A → (A → B)
10. (A → B) → ((A → ¬B) → ¬A)
11. A ∨ ¬A
Ïðàâèëî âûâîäà (modus ponens):
A; (A → B)
B
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24. Àëãîðèòìû divide and conquer
Àëãîðèòì äëÿ ïðîâåðêè ôîðìóëû íà âûïîëíèìîñòü. Ñõåìà
àëãîðèòìà:
Âõîä: Ôîðìóëà F â ÊÍÔ
1 Åñëè F ñîäåðæèò ïóñòîé äèçúþíêò, òî âûäàòü
'íåâûïîëíèìà'
2 Åñëè â F íåò äèçúþíêòîâ, òî âûäàòü âûïîëíèìà
3 Âûáèðàåì êàêèì-ëèáî îáðàçîì ëèòåðàë x
4 Ðåêóðñèâíî âûçûâàåì àëãîðèòì äëÿ ôîðìóëû F [x := 0],
åñëè îòâåò âûïîëíèìà, òî âûäàòü âûïîëíèìà
5 Ðåêóðñèâíî âûçûâàåì àëãîðèòì äëÿ ôîðìóëû F [x := 1],
åñëè îòâåò âûïîëíèìà, òî âûäàòü âûïîëíèìà
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25. Ðåçîëþöèè vs divide and conquer
(x ∨ y ∨ z) ∧ (x ∨ y ∨ ¬z) ∧ (x ∨ t ∨ ¬y ) ∧ (¬t ∨ x) ∧ (¬x ∨ y ) ∧
(¬y ∨ z) ∧ (¬y ∨ ¬z)
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26. Êëàññ co-NP
Îïðåäåëåíèå. ßçûê L∈ co-NP òîãäà è òîëüêî òîãäà, êîãäà
L ∈ NP. (L =Σ∗ L)
Ëåììà. SAT co-NP ïîëíûé.
Äîêàçàòåëüñòâî. L ∈ co-NP ⇐⇒ L ∈ NP. Çíà÷èò, L ñâîäèòñÿ ê
SAT, ò.å. ñóùåñòâóåò òàêàÿ ïîëèíîìèàëüíî âû÷èñëèìàÿ
ôóíêöèÿf , ÷òî x ∈ L ⇐⇒ f (x) ∈ SAT. Ýòî ìîæíî ïåðåïèñàòü
x ∈ L ⇐⇒ f (x) ∈ SAT .
Çàìå÷àíèå. Ñîâïàäàþò ëè êëàññû NP è co-NP ýòî îòêðûòûé
âîïðîñ.
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27. NP vs co-NP
Ëåììà. Åñëè SAT ∈ co-NP, òî NP=co-NP.
Äîêàçàòåëüñòâî. SAT ∈ co-NP ⇐⇒ SAT ∈ NP ⇐⇒
ñóùåñòâóåò ïîëèíîìèàëüíî îãðàíè÷åííîå è ïîëèíîìèàëüíî
ïðîâåðÿåìîå îòíîøåíèå R ⊂ Σ∗ × Σ∗ , ÷òî
SAT = {x|∃y : (x, y ) ∈ R}.
Ïóñòü L ∈ NP, L ñâîäèòñÿ ê SAT. Ò.å., ñóùåñòâóåò òàêàÿ
ïîëèíîìèàëüíî âû÷èñëèìàÿ ôóíêöèÿ f , ÷òî x ∈ L ⇐⇒ f (x) ∈
SAT (äîïîëíèòåëüíî íóæíî ïîòðåáîâàòü |f (x)| ≥ |x|).
Ñëåäîâàòåëüíî, x ∈ L ⇐⇒ f (x) ∈ SAT .
L = {x|∃y (f (x), y ) ∈ R} ∈ NP. Çíà÷èò, L ∈ co-NP. Ò.å. NP ⊂
co-NP.
Ïóñòü L ∈ co-NP, L ñâîäèòñÿ ê SAT . Ò.å., ñóùåñòâóåò òàêàÿ
ïîëèíîìèàëüíî âû÷èñëèìàÿ ôóíêöèÿ f , ÷òî
x ∈ L ⇐⇒ f (x) ∈ SAT . L = {x|∃y (f (x), y ) ∈ R} ∈ NP. Çíà÷èò,
co-NP ⊂ NP.
Ñëåäñòâèå. co-NP = NP ⇐⇒ SAT ∈ co-NP ⇐⇒ SAT ∈ NP
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28. Ñèñòåìû äîêàçàòåëüñòâ è NP vs co-NP
SAT ∈ NP îçíà÷àåò, ÷òî äëÿ êàæäîé íåâûïîëíèìîé ôîðìóëû
ñóùåñòâóåò ïîëèíîìèàëüíîå ïî ðàçìåðó è ïîëèíîìèàëüíî
ïðîâåðÿåìîå äîêàçàòåëüñòâî.
Çíà÷èò, åñëè åñòü ñèñòåìà äîêàçàòåëüñòâ, â êîòîðîé âñå
ôîðìóëû èç SAT èìåþò êîðîòêèå (ïîëèíîìèàëüíûå)
îïðîâåðæåíèÿ, òî co-NP = NP.
Äëÿ ðåçîëþöèîííîé ñèñòåìû ñóùåñòâóþò ôîðìóëû, êîòîðûå
èìåþò ýêñïîíåíöèàëüíûå ðåçîëþöèîííûå îïðîâåðæåíèÿ.
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