12. BONE(S)
NUMBER OF
BONES
TOTAL
Cranial bones
1 Ethmoid bone, 1 Frontal bone,
1 Occipital bone, 2 Parietal bones,
1 Sphenoid bone and 2 Temporal bones.
8 8
Facial bones
2 Inferior Nasal Conchae, 2 Lacrimal bones,
1 Mandible, 2 Maxillae, 2 Nasal bones,
2 Palatine bones, 1 Vomer and 2 Zygomatic
bones.
14 14
Ear Ossicles (bones)
Malleus (Hammer), Incus (Anvil) and Stapes
(Stirrup).
3 in each ear 6
Hyoid bone 1 1
Cervical vertebrae 7 7
13. BONE(S) NUMBER OF BONES TOTAL
Thoracic vertebrae 12 12
Lumbar vertebrae 5 5
Sacrum 1 1
Coccyx 1 1
Ribs 12 pairs 24
Sternum 1 1
Clavicle 1 in each shoulder girdle 2
14. Radius 1 in each arm 2
Ulna 1 in each arm 2
Carpals 8 in each arm 16
Metacarpals 5 in each arm 10
Phalanges 14 in each arm 28
Hip bone 1 in each leg 2
Femur 1 in each leg 2
Patella 1 in each leg 2
15. BONE(S) NUMBER OF BONES TOTAL
Tibia 1 in each leg 2
Fibula 1 in each leg 2
Tarsals 7 in each leg 14
Metatarsals 5 in each leg 10
Phalanges 14 in each leg 28
Total number of bones 206
16.
17. •The brain is made up of many specialized areas that
work together:
• The cortex is the outermost layer of brain cells.
Thinking and voluntary movements begin in the
cortex.
18. • The brain stem is between
the spinal cord and the rest of
the brain. Basic functions like
breathing and sleep are
controlled here.
• The basal ganglia are a
cluster of structures in the
center of the brain. The basal
ganglia coordinate messages
between multiple other brain
areas.
19. 4. The cerebellum is at the base and the back of the brain. The cerebellum is
responsible for coordination and balance.
20. The brain is also divided into several
lobes:
1. The frontal lobes are responsible for:
• problem solving and judgment and motor
function.
• the seat of emotions and judgments
related to sympathy, which is the ability to
feel sorrow for someone else's suffering,
and empathy,
• ability to understand another's feelings
and problems.
• recognition of deception occurs.
• functioning of sequencing events
- The ability to solve
problems, which often
depends on flexible thinking,
and the ability to correctly
express language are both
controlled by the frontal lobe
21. 2. The temporal lobes are involved with
memory and hearing.
• process nonverbal memories such as
memory for pictures, visual scenes,
familiar faces, routes or directions
and music,
• Non verbal communication
• The right temporal lobe is important in
prosody, or the rhythm of one’s speech.
• People with damage to the right
temporal lobe often produce meaningful
sentences, but they are choppy and
uneven
- thus, people with right temporal
lobe damage often have difficulty
picking up social cues,
understanding facial expressions,
following tunes and melodies,
- severe right temporal lobe damage
indicate these people are often
unable to consider the
perspectives of other people.
22. 3. The occipital lobes contain the
brain's visual processing system.
• The occipital lobe is important to
being able to correctly
understand what your eyes are
seeing.
• These lobes have to be very fast
to process the rapid information
that our eyes are sending.
• If our occipital lobe was impaired,
or injured we would not be able
to correctly process visual signals,
thus visual confusion would result
23. • The parietal lobes manage sensation,
handwriting, and body position.
• is located in the middle section of the
brain and is associated with processing
tactile sensory information such as
pressure, touch, and pain.
• A portion of the brain known as the
somatosensory cortex is located in this
lobe and is essential to the processing
of the body's senses.
• Damage to the parietal lobe can result
in problems with verbal memory, an
impaired ability to control eye gaze and
problems with language.
29. FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE ORGAN
•The vulva consists of the external genital organs
of the female.
• The vulva has many major and minor
anatomical structures, including :
•the labia majora
•mons pubis
•labia minora
• clitoris
•bulb of vestibule
•vulval vestibule
•greater and lesser vestibular glands
• opening of the vagina (introitus)
31. Labia majora:
❑ The labia majora enclose and
protect the other external
reproductive organs.
❑ Literally translated as "large lips,"
and are comparable to the
scrotum in males.
❑ The labia majora contain sweat
and oil-secreting glands. After
puberty, the labia majora are
covered with hair.
Labia minora:
❑ Literally translated as "small lips,"
the labia minora can be very small
or up to 2 inches wide.
❑ They lie just inside the labia
majora, and surround the
openings to the vagina
MAIN EXTERNAL STRUCTURE OF
FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE ORGAN
32. Clitoris: The two labia minora
meet at the clitoris, a small,
sensitive protrusion that is
comparable to the penis in
males. The clitoris is covered by
a fold of skin, called the
prepuce, which is similar to the
foreskin at the end of the penis.
Like the penis, the clitoris is
very sensitive to stimulation
and can become erect.
# Bartholin's glands: These
glands are located beside the
vaginal opening and produce a
fluid (mucus) secretion.
34. Fallopian tubes:
▪ These are narrow tubes that are
attached to the upper part of the
uterus and serve as tunnels for the ova
(egg cells) to travel from the ovaries to
the uterus.
▪ Conception, the fertilization of an egg
by a sperm occurs.
Ovaries: The ovaries are small, oval-
shaped glands that are located on either
side of the uterus. The ovaries produce
eggs and hormones
Uterus (womb):
The uterus is a hollow, pear-shaped organ
that is the home to a developing fetus.
Vagina: The vagina is a canal that joins the
cervix (the lower part of uterus) to the outside
of the body. It also is known as the birth canal.
36. Penis: This is the male organ
used in sexual intercourse. It
has three parts: the root, which
attaches to the wall of the
abdomen; the body, or shaft;
and the glans,
Scrotum: This is the loose
pouch-like sac of skin that
hangs behind and below the
penis. It contains the testicles
(also called testes), as well as
many nerves and blood
vessels. The scrotum acts as a
"climate control system" for
the testes. For normal sperm
development, the testes must
be at a temperature slightly
cooler than body
temperature.
37. Testicles (testes):
▪ .The testes are responsible for making
testosterone, the primary male sex
hormone, and for generating sperm.
▪ Within the testes are coiled masses of
tubes called seminiferous tubules.
These tubes are responsible for
producing sperm cells.
38. Urethra
▪ carries urine from the bladder to
outside of the body.
▪ In males, it has the additional
function of expelling (ejaculating)
semen when the man reaches
orgasm.
▪ When the penis is erect during
sex, the flow of urine is blocked
from the urethra, allowing only
semen to be ejaculated at orgasm.
Vas deferens
• The vas deferens is a long,
muscular tube that travels from
the epididymis into the pelvic
cavity, to just behind the bladder.
• The vas deferens transports
mature sperm to the urethra in
preparation for ejaculation.
MALE INTERNAL REPRODUCTIVE ORGAN
39. Bulbourethral glands or Cowper’s glands,
▪ These glands produce a clear, slippery fluid that empties directly into the
urethra.
▪ This fluid serves to lubricate the urethra and to neutralize any acidity that
may be present due to residual drops of urine in the urethra.
Seminal vesicles
• The seminal vesicles produce a
sugar-rich fluid (fructose) that
provides sperm with a source of
energy and helps with the sperms’
motility (ability to move). The fluid
of the seminal vesicles makes up
most of the volume of a man’s
ejaculatory fluid, or ejaculate
