2. INTRODUCTION
Attention is the focus of
consciousness on a particular object
or ideas at a particular time, to the
exclusion of other objects or ideas.
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5. Find the Blue Letter
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
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6. Find the Blue Letter
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L L
L L
L
L L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L L
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7. Find the vertical T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
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8. Find the vertical T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
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9. Find the vertical T
R
R
T
T
T
R
R
T
R
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10. Find the vertical T
T
T
R
T
T
R
R
R
T T
T
R
R
T
R
R
T
R
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11. Find the Blue L
L
L
L
L
L
T
T
T
T
T
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12. Find the Blue L
T
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L L
L L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L L
T
T
T
T
T T
T
T
T
T T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T T
L
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13. All Searches Are NOT Equal
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18. DEFINATION
Attention is the concentration of conscious
upon one object rather than upon another
- (Dumyille-1938)
Attention is defined as a process which
compels the individual to select some
particular stimulus according to his interest &
attitude out of the multiplicity of stimuli
present in the environment.
- (Sharma RN-1967)
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19. CHARACTERISTICS OF
ATTENTION
It is a selective mental activity.
It is constantly shifts from one object to another
or from one aspect of the situation to another.
Attention is focusing of consciousness on a
particular object.
Attention is a state of preparedness or
alertness: Process of attention involves motor
adjustments on the part of the person who is
attentive.
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20. TYPES OR VARIETIES OF
ATTENTION
Voluntary (volitional)
Involuntary (non-volitional)
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21. TYPES OR VARIETIES OF ATTENTION
It demands the conscious effort on our part.
For example, solving an assigned problem in
Mathematics, answering a question in
examination needs voluntary attention.
It is further sub divided into two categories:
Implicit volitional attention
Explicit volitional attention
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Voluntary Attention
22. TYPES OR VARIETIES OF ATTENTION
Implicit volitional attention:
— A single act of will is responsible for arousing
attention.
— For example; a teacher assigns practice work
to a child & warns of punishment if not
completed. This can make him exercise his
will power, attend to assigned task & finish it
properly.
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Voluntary Attention
23. TYPES OR VARIETIES OF ATTENTION
Explicit volitional attention:
— Attention is obtained by repeated acts of will.
— One has to struggle hard for keeping oneself
attentive; it requires a strong will power, keen
attention & strong motives for accomplishment
of the task.
— For example, the attention paid during
examination days for securing good grades.
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Voluntary Attention
24. TYPES OR VARIETIES OF ATTENTION
This type of attention is aroused without the
play of will or without making a conscious effort
on our part.
For example, we give involuntary attention to
loud sounds, bright lights & strong odors etc
Involuntary non-volitional attention aroused by
the instincts is called enforced non-volitional
attention. For example, giving attention out of
curiosity.
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Involuntary Attention
25. TYPES OR VARIETIES OF ATTENTION
Non-volitional attention aroused by the
sentiments is called spontaneous non-volitional
attention. For example, we give somewhat
automatic or spontaneous attention towards
some objects, idea, person around which our
sentiments are formed.
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Involuntary Attention
26. USES OF ATTENTION
It provides strength & ability to continue the
task of cognitive functioning despite the
obstacles put by the distractions like noise
& other weather conditions.
It helps in better organization of the
perceptual field for maximum clarity &
understanding of the object or
phenomenon.
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27. USES OF ATTENTION
Count…
It helps in bringing mental alertness &
preparedness.
It helps in providing deeper concentration by
focusing one’s consciousness upon one
object at a time rather than two.
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28. METHOD OF AROUSING ATTENTION
(OR)
FACTOR AND CONDITIONS
FAVORABLE FOR CAPTURING
ATTENTION
(OR)
DETERMINANTS OF ATTENTION
External Factors or Conditions
Internal Factors or Conditions
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29. External Factors or Conditions
Nature of the stimulus
Intensity of the stimulus
Size of the stimulus
Contrast, change & Novelty
Location of the stimulus
Repetition of stimulus
Movement of the stimulus
Definite form of the object
Isolation of the stimulus
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30. Internal Factors or Conditions
Interest & attention
Motives
Mental set-up
Past experience
Emotion
Habit
Aim
Meaning
Disposition & temperament
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31. DURATION AND DEGREE
OF ATTENTION
Span of attention: The maximum amount of
material that can be attended in one period of
attention is called span to attention. This can
be visual attention or auditory attention.
Span of visual attention: Experiments have
been carried out to measure the span of visual
attention by making brief exposures to a
number of object. The time of exposure is very
short, ranging from 1/100 to 1/5 of a second.
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32. DURATION AND DEGREE
OF ATTENTION
Span of auditory attention: The number of
auditory impressions perceived at a single
instance is slightly greater. An adult can
perceive eight sounds given rapidly in
succession. But when sounds are given in a
rhythm, a much larger number of sounds can
be perceived.
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33. DURATION AND DEGREE
OF ATTENTION
Duration of Attention:
It refers to how long one can attend to an object
without a break.
If we attend to a single, simple object for instance, a
dot, it will remain in the focus of our consciousness
for only a second at the most, then something in the
margin will crowd it out or memory of a past event
will intrude.
The duration of attention depends upon the nature
of the material, the interest of the observer, & other
conditions.
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34. DURATION AND DEGREE
OF ATTENTION
Sustained Attention (Act of Fixation of mind):
To sustain attention, is to concentrate one’s activity
continuously upon some object or a happening or a
problem.
The individual attention always remains on tract &
the activity proceeds systematically without any
serious distraction.
All internal as well as external factors of getting
attention can be helpful in this track.
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35. DURATION AND DEGREE
OF ATTENTION
Shifting Attention:
While paying attention towards an object or an
event it is not possible to hold attention continuously
with the same intensity for a longer duration.
It is constantly shifting from one object to another,
from one aspect of the situation to another.
We can perform only one voluntary act at a time &
not two or more acts at a time.
We can quickly shift attention from one voluntary act
to another.
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36. DURATION AND DEGREE
OF ATTENTION
Division of Attention:
Division of attention means to attend to two or more
tasks simultaneously.
Psychologists say we cannot attend to two things at
a given time, & there is no possibility of division of
attention.
The reason for paying attention to more than one
task at a given time can be:
— In performing two tasks simultaneously one of the
two activities requires no attention.
— Attention rapidly shifts from one task to the other
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37. DISTRACTION
Distraction means any stimulus whose
presence interferes with the process of
attention or draws away attention from the
object which we wish to attend.
-(HR Bhatia-1968)
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38. SOURCES OF DISTRACTION
External Factors/Environmental
factors: Noise, music, improper
lighting, uncomfortable seats,
unfavorable temperature,
inadequate ventilation etc.
Internal factors: Emotional
disturbances, ill health, boredom,
lack of motivation, fatigue etc.
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40. IMPORTANCE OF ATTENTION IN
NURSING PROFESSION
It helps in bringing mental alertness &
preparedness.
It helps the nurse to concentrate by
focusing consciousness on one object at a
time rather than two.
It helps the nurse for better organization of
the perceptual field for maximum clarity &
understanding of the patient condition.
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41. Count…
It provides strength & ability to
continue the task of cognitive
functioning despite the obstacles laid
by the distractions.
The nurse can use psychology of
attention for invoking not only
voluntary but also involuntary
attention to her job.
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