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2.4 Dividing to Multiply
Two types of Reproduction
Use Mitosis Use Meiosis
Asexual reproduction
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DY9DNWc
qxI4
Sexual reproduction
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6CBBzw6x
UJE
Variation
• Variation with in a species can provide some
individuals with an increase chance of surviving
over others.
• Asexual reproduction – no variation as daughter
cells identical to parent (mitosis)
• Sexual reproduction – great variation as daughter
cells are not identical.
With 23 pairs of chromosomes in each sperm and
eggs there is 8 388 608 different possible ways to
divide to make the daughter cells ( Gametes)
(meiosis)
Humans
Two main types of Cells and their
production in our body
• 1. Gametes (sex cells – egg and sperm) = 23
chromosomes
• Produced by Meiosis
• 2. Somatic Cells
(normal body cells)
= 46 chromosomes
Produced by Mitosis
Mitosis
Somatic Cell Production
Body constantly making new cells.
Process of making new cells
Normal Cell
division:
Mitosis
Mitosis - When a normal
body cells (autosomal)
undergoes cell division.
Mitosis is how cells grow.
Mitosis
Meiosis
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D1_-
mQS_FZ0
Meiosis
Gametes (Sex Cells)
Production
Sex cells:
1. Sperm
2. Eggs
Nuclei of sex cells contain
have the number of
chromosomes then normal
cells = 23 individual
chromosomes
Fertilization =
23 + 23 = 46
SPERM EGG
Sex cells made when a
normal body cell in the sex
organs divides into and the
Pairs separate (no
replication occurs)
Chromosomes
carried in the sperm
are called maternal
chromosomes
Chromosomes
carried in the
sperm are
called paternal
chromosomes
MUM DAD
Remember your Human Karyotype
• Below is from one cells nucleus and all 23 pairs of chromosomes have
been colour coded to make it easier to see partner chromosomes.
• We are going to use two chromosomes as an example in the next few
slides.
Chromosome number 1
From
Mum
From
Dad
Chromosome number 4
From
Mum
From
Dad
Teacher Discussion and Demo with Play-Doh
Student Activity – Play-Doh
chromosomes
Your will need per pair:
• Two coloured play-Doh pieces
• 1 m string that should be cut up into 4 pieces.
Instructions:
• In pairs collect your two coloured play-Doh (one colour for
mum and one for dad) as per teacher demo and make the
chromosomes below.
• Use one piece of string
to make the nucleus
envelope.
Chromosome number 1
Chromosome number 4
Activity Continued ….
Mitosis vs Meiosis Worksheet
• Read through Mitosis vs Meiosis worksheet.
• Colour code your chromosomes as per your
play-Doh.
• Practically do the mitosis and then the meiosis
division using your play-Doh and string
following the diagrams on the worksheet.
• Answer the questions on the bottom of the
sheet.
So what have you learnt? Complete a postie on
LIFE to compare Meiosis and Mitosis and show
your understanding by answer the questions
below. Use your textbook page 66 to 67.
Why use it?
Where does
it occur?
Features of
cells
produced.
Girl or Boy
• Read page. 69
• Complete Investigation 2.2
What’s the chance?
1. Read instructions
2. Predict number of times your get tails and heads. Give a
reason for your prediction.
3. Complete the practical. Record class results in the table on
board.
4. Answers questions 2 to 6.
Exercises
• Workbook pg. 13 to 15
• Textbook Pg. 70
• Remember 2 to 4, 6, 7 (b, c, d, f, h, I, j)

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2.4 dividing to multiply

  • 1. 2.4 Dividing to Multiply
  • 2. Two types of Reproduction Use Mitosis Use Meiosis
  • 5. Variation • Variation with in a species can provide some individuals with an increase chance of surviving over others. • Asexual reproduction – no variation as daughter cells identical to parent (mitosis) • Sexual reproduction – great variation as daughter cells are not identical. With 23 pairs of chromosomes in each sperm and eggs there is 8 388 608 different possible ways to divide to make the daughter cells ( Gametes) (meiosis)
  • 7. Two main types of Cells and their production in our body • 1. Gametes (sex cells – egg and sperm) = 23 chromosomes • Produced by Meiosis • 2. Somatic Cells (normal body cells) = 46 chromosomes Produced by Mitosis
  • 8.
  • 9. Mitosis Somatic Cell Production Body constantly making new cells. Process of making new cells
  • 10. Normal Cell division: Mitosis Mitosis - When a normal body cells (autosomal) undergoes cell division. Mitosis is how cells grow.
  • 13. Meiosis Gametes (Sex Cells) Production Sex cells: 1. Sperm 2. Eggs Nuclei of sex cells contain have the number of chromosomes then normal cells = 23 individual chromosomes Fertilization = 23 + 23 = 46 SPERM EGG Sex cells made when a normal body cell in the sex organs divides into and the Pairs separate (no replication occurs)
  • 14. Chromosomes carried in the sperm are called maternal chromosomes Chromosomes carried in the sperm are called paternal chromosomes MUM DAD
  • 15. Remember your Human Karyotype • Below is from one cells nucleus and all 23 pairs of chromosomes have been colour coded to make it easier to see partner chromosomes. • We are going to use two chromosomes as an example in the next few slides. Chromosome number 1 From Mum From Dad Chromosome number 4 From Mum From Dad
  • 16. Teacher Discussion and Demo with Play-Doh
  • 17. Student Activity – Play-Doh chromosomes Your will need per pair: • Two coloured play-Doh pieces • 1 m string that should be cut up into 4 pieces. Instructions: • In pairs collect your two coloured play-Doh (one colour for mum and one for dad) as per teacher demo and make the chromosomes below. • Use one piece of string to make the nucleus envelope. Chromosome number 1 Chromosome number 4
  • 18. Activity Continued …. Mitosis vs Meiosis Worksheet • Read through Mitosis vs Meiosis worksheet. • Colour code your chromosomes as per your play-Doh. • Practically do the mitosis and then the meiosis division using your play-Doh and string following the diagrams on the worksheet. • Answer the questions on the bottom of the sheet.
  • 19.
  • 20. So what have you learnt? Complete a postie on LIFE to compare Meiosis and Mitosis and show your understanding by answer the questions below. Use your textbook page 66 to 67. Why use it? Where does it occur? Features of cells produced.
  • 21. Girl or Boy • Read page. 69 • Complete Investigation 2.2 What’s the chance? 1. Read instructions 2. Predict number of times your get tails and heads. Give a reason for your prediction. 3. Complete the practical. Record class results in the table on board. 4. Answers questions 2 to 6.
  • 22. Exercises • Workbook pg. 13 to 15 • Textbook Pg. 70 • Remember 2 to 4, 6, 7 (b, c, d, f, h, I, j)