2/24/2016 Ted Bundy | Murderpedia, the encyclopedia of murderers http://murderpedia.org/male.B/b1/bundy­ted.htm 1/36 Murderpedia   Juan Ignacio Blanco       MALE murderers index by country index by name   A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z   FEMALE murderers index by country index by name   A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z       Theodore Robert BUNDY         Classification: Serial killer Characteristics: Rape Number of victims: 14 + Date of murders: 1973 ­ 1978 Date of arrest: February 15, 1978 Date of birth: November 24, 1946 Victims profile: Girls and young women Method of murder: Beating with metal bar / Strangulation Location: Washington/Colorado/Utah/Oregon/Florida/Idaho/Vermont, USA Status: Executed by electrocution in Florida on January 24, 1989       photo gallery 1 photo gallery 2 photo gallery 3 photo gallery 4 photo gallery 5 photo gallery 6 photo gallery 7 photo gallery 8 photo gallery 9 citations florida supreme court ­ briefs and opinions mailto:[email protected] http://murderpedia.org/index-by-country.htm http://murderpedia.org/male.A/index.A.htm http://murderpedia.org/male.B/index.B.htm http://murderpedia.org/male.C/index.C.htm http://murderpedia.org/male.D/index.D.htm http://murderpedia.org/male.E/index.E.htm http://murderpedia.org/male.F/index.F.htm http://murderpedia.org/male.G/index.G.htm http://murderpedia.org/male.H/index.H.htm http://murderpedia.org/male.I/index.I.htm http://murderpedia.org/male.J/index.J.htm http://murderpedia.org/male.K/index.K.htm http://murderpedia.org/male.L/index.L.htm http://murderpedia.org/male.M/index.M.htm http://murderpedia.org/male.N/index.N.htm http://murderpedia.org/male.O/index.O.htm http://murderpedia.org/male.P/index.P.htm http://murderpedia.org/male.Q/index.Q.htm http://murderpedia.org/male.R/index.R.htm http://murderpedia.org/male.S/index.S.htm http://murderpedia.org/male.T/index.T.htm http://murderpedia.org/male.U/index.U.htm http://murderpedia.org/male.V/index.V.htm http://murderpedia.org/male.W/index.W.htm http://murderpedia.org/male.X/index.X.htm http://murderpedia.org/male.Y/index.Y.htm http://murderpedia.org/male.Z/index.Z.htm http://murderpedia.org/index-by-country-female.htm http://murderpedia.org/female.A/index.A.htm http://murderpedia.org/female.B/index.B.htm http://murderpedia.org/female.C/index.C.htm http://murderpedia.org/female.D/index.D.htm http://murderpedia.org/female.E/index.E.htm http://murderpedia.org/female.F/index.F.htm http://murderpedia.org/female.G/index.G.htm http://murderpedia.org/female.H/index.H.htm http://murderpedia.org/female.I/index.I.htm http://murderpedia.org/female.J/index.J.htm http://murderpedia.org/female.K/index.K.htm http://murderpedia.org/female.L/index.L.htm http://murderpedia.org/female.M/index.M.htm http://murderpedia.org/female.N/index.N.htm http://murderpedia.org/female.O/index.O.htm http://murderpedia.org/female.P/index.P.htm http://murderpedia.org/female.Q/index.Q.htm http:.

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Theodore Robert BUNDY

2. Classification: Serial killer
Characteristics: Rape
Number of victims: 14 +
Date of murders: 1973 - 1978
Date of arrest: February 15, 1978
Date of birth: November 24, 1946
Victims profile: Girls and young women
Method of murder: Beating with metal bar / Strangulation
Location: Washington/Colorado/Utah/Oregon/Florida/Idaho/Ver
mont, USA
Status: Executed by electrocution in Florida on January 24, 198
9
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5. victims
Theodore (Ted) Bundy was wanted for questioning in as many a
s 36 murders in Colorado, Oregon,
Utah, Florida and Washington. In June 1977, the FBI
initiated a fugitive investigation when Ted
Bundy escaped from a Colorado courthouse where he was on tri
al for murder. He was recaptured
but escaped again, in December 1977, from the Garfield County
Jail in Colorado. He was placed on
the FBI's "Ten Most Wanted Fugitives" list and was subsequentl
y arrested, using an alias, by the
local authorities in Florida for a stolen car violation in February
1978. In 1979, he was sentenced to
death and in 1989 executed for the murder of two Florida State
University sorority sisters.
FBI - Doc. 1 FBI - Doc. 2
Summary:
On November 7, 1974, Carol DeRonch, 18, was in a Utah Shopp
ing Mall when she was approached
by Bundy, who told her that someone had been trying to break i

6. nto her automobile. She thought
that he was a police officer and Bundy later showed her a badge
.
Bundy asked her to accompany him to the car to see if anything
was missing. Upon reaching the
car the girl looked in and determined nothing was missing. He e
ventually asked her if she could go
to the station to make a complaint. Bundy drove her in his Volk
swagon, and pulled over on the way
and forcibly placed a pair of handcuffs on her wrist. She scream
ed and fought her way outside the
vehicle and eventually got away.
Nine months later, Bundy was arrested fleeing police and handc
uffs were found in his car. Bundy
was convicted of Aggravated Kidnapping after waiving a
jury trial and received a 1-15 year
sentence. He escaped while in custody but was recaptured 6 day
s later. He escaped a second time
and fled to Tallahassee, Florida, staying at a rooming
house near the Florida State University
Campus.
During the early morning hours of Sunday, January 15,
1978, Bundy entered the Chi Omega
sorority house and brutally attacked four women residing there.
Margaret Bowman and Lisa Levy
were killed, and Kathy Kleiner and Karen Chandler sustained se
rious injuries. Within approximately
an hour of the attacks in the Chi Omega house, Bundy entered a
nother home nearby and attacked a
woman residing there, Cheryl Thomas. All five women
were university students. All were
bludgeoned repeatedly with a blunt weapon.

7. Bundy was identified by a resident returning home to the Sorori
ty House, just as he was leaving
with a club in his hand. Lisa Levy and Margaret
Bowman were killed by strangulation after
receiving severe beatings with a length of a tree branch used as
a club. Margaret Bowman's skull
was crushed and literally laid open. The attacker also bit Lisa L
evy with sufficient intensity to be
identified as human bite marks.
Bundy was arrested a month later in Pensacola. Of critical
importance was the testimony of two
forensic dental experts who testified concerning analysis of the
bite mark left on the body of Lisa
Levy. The experts both expressed to the jury their opinion that t
he indentations on the victim's
body were left by the unique teeth of Bundy. Bundy was found
guilty of two counts of first-degree
murder, three counts of attempted first-degree murder, and two
counts of burglary. For the two
crimes of first-degree murder the trial judge imposed sentences
of death.
On February 9, 1978, Kimberly Leach, age 12, was reported mis
sing from her junior high school in
Lake City, Florida. Two months later, after a large scale
search, the Leach girl's partially
decomposed body was located in a wooded area near the Suwan
ee River.
There were semen stains in the crotch of her panties found near
the body. Two Lake City Holiday
Inn employees and a handwriting expert established that Bundy
had registered at the Lake City
Holiday Inn the day before her disappearance under another na
me. A school crossing guard at the

8. junior high school identified Bundy as leading a young
girl to a van on the morning of the
disappearance.
Bundy was again convicted of murder and sentenced to death. T
his death sentence to be carried
out a decade later.
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Citations:
State v. Bundy, 589 P.2d 760 (Utah 1978) (Direct Appeal).
Bundy v. State, 455 So.2d 330 (Fla. 1984) (Sorority House Dire
ct Appeal).
Bundy v. State, 471 So.2d 9 (Fla. 1985) (Leach Direct Appeal).
Bundy v. Florida, 107 S.Ct. 295 (1986) (Cert. Denied).
Bundy v. State, 490 So.2d 1257 (Fla. 1986). (Stay)
Bundy v. State, 497 So.2d 1209 (Fla. 1986) (State Habeas).
Bundy v. Dugger, 850 F.2d 1402 (11th Cir. 1988) (Habeas).
Bundy v. Dugger, 109 S.Ct. 849 (1989) (Cert. Denied).

9. Ted Bundy Victims List:
WASHINGTON
Lonnie Trumbull; Seattle (6/23/66)
Kathy Devine; Seattle (11/25/73)
Lynda Ann Healy; University of Washington (2/1/74)
Donna Manson; Evergreen St. College, Olympia (3/12/74)
Susan Rancourt; Central Washington St. College, Ellensburg (4/
17/74)
Brenda Baker; Seattle (5/25/74)
Brenda Ball; Burien (6/1/74)
Georgeann Hawkins; University of Washington (6/11/74)
Janice Ott; Lake Sammamish St. Park (7/14/74)
Denise Naslund; Lake Sammamish St. Park (7/14/74)
OREGON
Kathy Parks; Oregon St. (5/6/74)
UTAH
Nancy Wilcox; (10/2/74)
Melissa Smith; Midvale (10/18/74)
Laura Aimee; Lehi (10/31/74)
Debbie Kent; Bountiful (11/8/74)
Susan Curtis; Brigham Young University (6/28/75)
Nancy Baird; Layton (7/4/75)
Debbie Smith; Salt Lake City (2/?/76)
COLORADO
Caryn Campbell; Aspen (1/12/75)
Julie Cunningham; Vail (3/15/75)
Denise Oliverson; Grand Junction (4/6/75)
Melanie Cooley; Nederland (4/15/75)
Shelley Robertson; Golden (7/1/75)
IDAHO
Lynette Culver; Pocatello (5/6/75)

10. Jane Doe; Boise (9/21/74)
FLORIDA
Lisa Levy; Tallahassee (1/15/78)
Margaret Bowman; Tallahassee (1/15/74)
Kimberly Ann Leach; Lake City (2/9/78)
Serial Killers A-Z
Ted Bundy Timeline:
11/24/46 - Is born as Theodore Robert Cowell in a home for un
wed mothers in Burlington,
Vermont.
05/19/51 - Bundy's mother, Louise, marries Johnnie Bundy and
her son takes his step-
father's last name.
Spring 1965 - Graduates from Woodrow Wilson High School in
Tacoma, Washington.
Fall 1965 - Enrolls at the University of Puget Sound and attends
the school until the Spring
of 1966.
06/23/65 - Murders Lonnie Trumbull and seriously
injuresroommate Lisa Wick in their
Seattle apartment.
Fall 1966 to Spring 1969 - Attends the University of Washingto
n.
1967 to 1968 - Courts Stephanie Brooks, who closely resembles

11. his future victims.
Fall 1968 - Brooks breaks off relationship with Bundy.
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Early 1969 - Visits his brithtown of Burlington, Vermont, and le
arns for certain that he is
illegitimate.
Fall 1969 - Re-enters Univ of Washington and meets Liz Kendal
l, his girlfriend throughout
most of the murders.
Spring 1973 - Graduates form the University of Washington.
11/25/73 - Abducts Kathy Devine from a Seattle street corner.
12/06/73 - Devine's body is found near Olympia, Washington.
01/05/74 - Attacks Joni Lenz in her Seattle apartment. Lenz sur
vives.
02/01/74 - Abducts Lynda Ann Healy from her basement bedroo
m in Seattle.
03/12/74 - Abducts Donna Manson from the campus of Evergree
n College.
04/17/74 - Abducts Susan Rancourt from the Central Washignto
n St. campus.

12. 05/06/74 - Abducts Kathy Parks from the campus at Oregon St.
06/01/74 - Abducts Brenda Ball from Burien, Washington.
06/11/74 - Abducts Georgeann Hawkins from an alley near her
University of Washington
fraternity house.
06/17/74 - Brenda Baker's body is found in Millersylvania St. P
ark. It is unknown when she
was abducted.
07/14/74 - In seperate incidents, Janice Ott and Denise Naslund
are abducted from Lake
Samm St. Park.
09/02/74 - A Jane Doe is abducted from Boise, Idaho.
Fall 1974 - Enters the University of Utah Law School.
09/07/74 - Body parts of Ott, Naslund, and Hawkins are recover
ed 2 miles from lake Samm
St. Park.
10/02/74 - Abducts Nancy Wilcox.
10/18/74 - Abducts Melissa Smith from Midvale, Utah.
10/27/74 - Smith's body is found in Summitt Park near Salt Lak
e City, Utah.
10/31/74 - Abducts Laura Aimee from Lehi, Utah.
11/08/74 - Botches abduction of Carol DeRonch but abducts De
bby Kent later that day from

13. school in Bountiful.
Thanksgiving 1974 - Aimee's body is found.
01/12/75 - Abducts Caryn Campbell from a hotel in Aspen, Colo
rado.
02/18/75 - Campbell's body is found near the motel she disappe
ared from.
03/03/75 - The skulls of Healy, Ball, Parks, and Rancourt are fo
und near Taylor Mountain in
Washington.
03/15/75 - Abducts Julie Cunningham from Vail, Colorado.
04/06/75 - Abducts Melanie Cooley from her school in Nederlan
d, Colorado.
04/23/75 - Cooley is found dead twenty miles from Nederland.
05/06/75 - Abducts Lynette Culver from her school playground i
n Pocatello, Idaho.
06/28/75 - Abducts Susan Curtis from the campus of
BYU while attending a youth
conference.
07/01/75 - Abducts Shelley Robertson from Golden, Colorado.
07/04/75 - Abducts Nancy Baird from Layton, Utah.
08/16/75 - Arrested for possession of burglary tools during a tra
ffic stop in Salt Lake City.
February 1976 - Abducts Debbie Smith in Utah.

14. 03/01/76 - Is found guilty of aggravated kidnapping in the DeRo
nch attack.
04/01/76 - Smith's body is found at Salt Lake International Airp
ort.
06/30/76 - Sentenced to 1-15 years in prison.
06/07/77 - Escapes from Pitkin Co. Law Library in Colorado wh
ile preparing for trial in the
Campbell murder.
06/13/77 - Is apprehended in Aspen, Colorado.
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12/30/77 - Escapes from Garfield County Jail in Colorado and fl
ees to Tallahassee, Florida.
01/14/78 - Enters Chi Omega sorority house in Tallahassee, killi
ng Lisa Levy and Magaret
Bowman.
01/14/78 - Also attacks Cheryl Thomas in her house nearby, seri
ously injuring her.
02/09/78 - Abducts Kimberly Ann Leach from her school in Lak
e City, Florida.
02/15/78 - Arrested while driving a stolen VW in Pensacola, Flo

15. rida.
04/12/79 - Leach's body is found in Suwanee St. Park in Florida
.
07/27/78 - Indicted for the murders of Levy and Bowman.
07/31/78 - Indicted for the Leach murder.
07/07/79 - Leach and Bowman murder trial begins.
07/23/79 - Found guilty of the murders of Levy and Bowman.
07/31/79 - Sentenced to death for the murders of Levy and Bow
man.
01/07/80 - Trial begins for the Leach murder.
02/06/80 - Found guilty of Leach murder.
02/09/80 - Sentenced to death for Leach murder.
07/02/86 - Obtains a stay of execution only fifteen minutes befo
re he is scheduled to die.
11/18/86 - Obtains a stay of execution only seven hours before
he is scheduled to die.
11/17/89 - Final death warrant is issued.
01/24/89 - Executed in the electric chair at 7:16 AM.
Theodore Robert Bundy, born Theodore Robert Cowell (Novem
ber 24, 1946 – January 24, 1989),

16. known as Ted Bundy, was an American serial killer. Bundy
murdered numerous young women
across the United States between 1974 and 1978. He twice escap
ed from prison before his final
apprehension in Feburary 1978. After more than a decade
of vigorous denials, he eventually
confessed to 30 murders, although the actual total of victims re
mains unknown. Estimates range
from 29 to over 100, the general estimate being 35. Typically, B
undy would bludgeon his victims,
then strangle them to death. He also engaged in rape and necrop
hilia.
Early life
Childhood
Bundy was born at the Elizabeth Lund Home For Unwed Mother
s in Burlington, Vermont, to Eleanor
Louise Cowell. While the identity of his father remains a myster
y, Bundy's birth certificate lists a
"Lloyd Marshall" (b. 1916), although Bundy's mother would late
r tell of being seduced by a war
veteran named "Jack Worthington".
Bundy's family did not believe this story, however, and expresse
d suspicion about Louise's violent,
abusive father, Samuel Cowell. To avoid social stigma, Bundy's
maternal grandparents, Samuel and
Eleanor Cowell, claimed him as their son; in taking their last na
me, he became Theodore Robert
Cowell. He grew up believing that his mother was his older sist
er. Bundy biographers Stephen
Michaud and Hugh Aynesworth wrote that he learned Louise wa
s actually his mother while he was
in high school. True crime writer Ann Rule, who knew Bundy p

17. ersonally, states that it was around
1969, shortly following a traumatic breakup with his college gir
lfriend.
For the first few years of his life, Bundy and his mother
lived in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. In
1950, Bundy and his mother, whom he still believed was his sist
er, moved to live with relatives in
Tacoma, Washington. Here, Louise Cowell had her son's surnam
e changed from Cowell to Nelson.
In 1951, one year after their move, Louise Cowell met Johnny C
ulpepper Bundy at an adult singles
night held at Tacoma's First Methodist Church. In May of that y
ear, the couple were married, and
soon after Johnny Bundy adopted Ted, legally changing his last
name to "Bundy".
Johnny and Louise Bundy had more children, whom the young
Bundy spent much of his time
babysitting. Johnny Bundy tried to include his stepson in
camping trips and other father-son
activities, but the boy remained emotionally detached from
his stepfather. Bundy was a good
student at Woodrow Wilson High School, in Tacoma, and was a
ctive in a local Methodist church,
serving as vice-president of the Methodist Youth Fellowship. H
e was involved with a local troop of
the Boy Scouts of America.
Socially, Bundy remained shy and introverted throughout his hi
gh school and early college years.
He would say later that he "hit a wall" in high school and that h
e was unable to understand social
behavior, stunting his social development. He maintained a faca
de of social activity, but he had no

18. natural sense of how to get along with other people, saying: "I d
idn't know what made things tick.
I didn't know what made people want to be friends. I didn't kno
w what made people attractive to
one another. I didn't know what underlay social interactions."
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Years later, while on Florida's death
row, Bundy would describe a part of himself that, from a
young age, was fascinated by images of sex and violence. In ear
ly prison interviews, Bundy called
this part of himself "the entity". While still
in his teens, Bundy would look through libraries for
detective magazines and books on crime, focusing on sources th
at described sexual violence and
featured pictures of dead bodies and violent
sexuality. Before he was even out of high school,
Bundy was a compulsive thief, a shoplifter, and on his way to b
ecoming an amateur criminal. To
support his love of skiing, Bundy stole skis and
equipment and forged ski-lift tickets. He was
arrested twice as a juvenile, although these records were later e
xpunged.
University years
In 1965, Bundy graduated from Woodrow Wilson High. Awarde
d a scholarship by the University of
Puget Sound (UPS), he began that fall, taking courses in psycho
logy and Oriental studies. After two

19. semesters at UPS, he decided to transfer to Seattle's University
of Washington (UW).
While a university student, Bundy worked as a grocery
bagger and shelf-stocker at a Seattle
Safeway store on Queen Anne Hill, as well as other odd jobs. A
s part of his course of studies in
psychology, he would later work as a night-shift volunteer at Se
attle's Suicide Hot Line, a suicide
crisis center that served the greater Seattle metropolitan and sub
urban areas. There, he met and
worked alongside former Seattle policewoman and fledgling cri
me writer Ann Rule, who would later
write a biography of Bundy and his crimes, The Stranger Beside
Me.
He began a relationship with fellow university student "Stephan
ie Brooks" (a pseudonym), whom he
met while enrolled at UW in 1967. Following her 1968 graduati
on and return to her family home in
California, she ended the relationship, fed up with what she des
cribed as Bundy's immaturity and
lack of ambition. Rule states that, around this time, Bundy decid
ed to pay a visit to his birthplace,
Burlington, Vermont. There, according to Rule, he visited
the local records clerk and finally
uncovered the truth of his parentage.
After his discovery, Bundy became a more focused and dominan
t person. In 1968, he managed the
Seattle office of Nelson Rockefeller's Presidential
campaign and attended the 1968 Republican
convention
in Miami, Florida as a Rockefeller supporter. He re-enrolled at
UW, this time with a
major in psychology. Bundy became an honors student and was

20. well liked by his professors. In
1969, he started dating Elizabeth Kloepfer, a divorced secretary
with a daughter, who fell deeply in
love with him. They would continue dating for more than six ye
ars, until he went to prison for
kidnapping in 1976.
Bundy graduated in 1972 from UW with a degree in psychology.
Soon afterward, he again went to
work for the state Republican Party, which included a close rela
tionship with Gov. Daniel J. Evans.
During the campaign, Bundy followed Evans' Democratic oppon
ent around the state, tape recording
his speeches and reporting back
to Evans personally. A minor scandal later followed when the
Democrats found out about Bundy, who had been posing as a co
llege student.
In the fall of 1973, Bundy enrolled in the law school at the Univ
ersity of Utah, but he did poorly. He
began skipping classes, finally dropping out in the spring of 197
4.
While on a business trip to California in the summer of
1973, Bundy came back into his ex-
girlfriend "Stephanie Brooks"' life with a new look and attitude;
this time as a serious, dedicated
professional who had been accepted to law school. Bundy contin
ued to date Kloepfer as well, and
neither woman was aware the other existed. Bundy courted Broo
ks throughout the rest of the year,
and she accepted his marriage proposal. Two weeks later, howe
ver, shortly after New Year's 1974,
he unceremoniously dumped her, refusing to return her
phone calls. A few weeks after this
breakup, Bundy began a murderous rampage in Washington stat

21. e.
Murders
Washington state
No one knows exactly where and when Bundy began killing. Ma
ny Bundy experts, including Rule
and former King County detective Robert D. Keppel, believe Bu
ndy may have started killing as far
back as his early teens. Ann Marie Burr, an eight-year-old girl f
rom Tacoma, vanished from her
home in 1961, when Bundy was 14 years old, though Bundy alw
ays denied killing her. The day
before his execution, Bundy told his lawyer that he made his fir
st attempt to kidnap a woman in
1969, and implied that he committed his first actual murder som
etime in 1972. At one point in his
death-row confessions with Keppel, Bundy said he committed hi
s first murder in 1972.
In 1973, one of Bundy's Republican Party friends saw a pair of
handcuffs in the back of Bundy's
Volkswagen. He was for many years a suspect in the December
1973 murder of Kathy Devine in
Washington state, but DNA analysis led to another man's arrest
and conviction for that crime in
2002. Bundy's earliest known, identified murders were committe
d in 1974, when he was 27.
Shortly after midnight on January 4, 1974, Bundy entered the ba
sement bedroom of 18-year-old
"Joni Lenz" (pseudonym), a dancer and student at UW. Bundy b
ludgeoned her with a metal rod
from her bed frame while she slept and sexually assaulted her w
ith a speculum. Lenz was found

22. the next morning by her roommates in a coma and lying in a poo
l of her own blood. She survived
the attack but suffered permanent brain damage.
Bundy's next victim was Lynda Ann Healy, another UW student
(and his cousin's roommate). In the
early morning hours of February 1, 1974, Bundy broke
into Healy's room, knocked her
unconscious, dressed her in jeans and a shirt, wrapped her in a b
ed sheet, and carried her away.
Co-eds began disappearing at a rate of
roughly one a month. On March 12, 1974, in Olympia,
Bundy kidnapped and murdered Donna Gail Manson, a 19-year-
old student at The Evergreen State
College.
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On April 17, 1974, Susan Rancourt disappeared from the
campus of Central Washington State
College (CWSC) in Ellensburg. Later, two different CWSC co-e
ds would recount meeting a man with
his arm in a cast—one that night, one three nights earlier—
who asked for their help to carry a load
of books to his Volkswagen Beetle.
Next was Kathy Parks, last seen on the campus of Oregon State
University in Corvallis, Oregon, on
May 6, 1974. Brenda Ball was never seen again after leaving Th
e Flame Tavern in Burien on June

23. 1, 1974. Bundy
then murdered Georgeann Hawkins, a student at UW and a mem
ber of Kappa
Alpha Theta, an on-campus sorority. In the early morning hours
of June 11, 1974, she walked
through an alley from her boyfriend's dormitory residence to her
sorority house. She was never
seen again. Witnesses later reported seeing a man with a leg cas
t struggling to carry a briefcase in
the area that night.[34] One co-ed reported that the man had ask
ed for her help in carrying the
briefcase to his car, a Beetle.
Bundy's Washington killing spree culminated on July 14,
1974, with the daytime abduction of
Janice Ott and Denise Naslund from Lake Sammamish
State Park in Issaquah. That day, eight
different people told the police about the handsome young man
with his left arm in a sling who
called himself "Ted". Five of them were women whom "Ted" as
ked for help unloading a sailboat
from his Beetle. One of them went with "Ted" as far as his car,
where there was no sailboat, before
declining to accompany him any farther. Three more witnesses t
estified to seeing him approach Ott
with the story about the sailboat and to seeing her walk away fr
om the beach in his company. She
was never seen alive again. Naslund disappeared without a trace
four hours later.
King County detectives now had a description both of the suspe
ct and his car. Some witnesses told
investigators that the "Ted" they encountered spoke with a clipp
ed, British-like accent. Soon, fliers
were up all over the Seattle area. After seeing the police
sketch and description of the Lake

24. Sammamish suspect in both of the local newspapers and
on television news reports, Bundy's
girlfriend, one of his psychology professors at UW, and former
co-worker Ann Rule all reported him
as a possible suspect. The police, receiving up to 200
tips per day, did not pay any special
attention to a tip about a clean-cut law student.
The fragmented remains of Ott and Naslund were discovered on
September 7, 1974, off Interstate
90 near Issaquah, one mile from the park. Found along with the
women's remains was an extra
femur bone and vertebrae, which Bundy would identify as
that of Georgeann Hawkins shortly
before his execution.
Between March 1 and March 3, 1975, the skulls and jawbones o
f Healy, Rancourt, Parks and Ball
were found on Taylor Mountain just east of Issaquah. Years late
r, Bundy claimed that he had also
dumped Donna Manson's body there, but no trace of her was eve
r found.
Utah and Colorado
Bundy smiles for the cameras and pleads "Not guilty" during a p
ress conference announcing his
indictment on first degree murder charges.
That autumn, Bundy began attending the University of Utah law
school in Salt Lake City, where he
resumed killing in October. Nancy Wilcox disappeared from Ho
lladay, Utah, on October 2, 1974.
Wilcox was last seen riding in a Volkswagen Beetle.
On October 18, 1974, Bundy murdered Melissa Smith, the 17-ye

25. ar-old daughter of Midvale police
chief Louis Smith; Bundy raped, sodomized and strangled her.
Her body was found nine days later.
Next was Laura Aime, also 17, who disappeared when she left a
Halloween party in Lehi, Utah, on
October 31, 1974; her naked, beaten and strangled corpse was
found nearly a month later by
hikers on Thanksgiving Day, on the banks of a river in America
n Fork Canyon.
In Murray, Utah, on November 8, 1974, Carol DaRonch narrowl
y escaped with her life. Claiming to
be Officer Roseland of the Murray Police Department, Bundy ap
proached her at the Fashion Place
Mall, told her someone had tried to break into her car, and aske
d her to accompany him to the
police station. She got into his car but refused his instruction to
buckle her seat belt. They drove
for a short period before Bundy suddenly pulled to the shoulder
and attempted to slap a pair of
handcuffs on her. In the struggle, he fastened both loops to the s
ame wrist. Bundy whipped out
his crowbar, but DaRonch caught it in the air just before it woul
d have cracked her skull. She then
got the door open and tumbled out onto the highway, thus escapi
ng from her would-be killer.
About an hour later, a strange man showed up at Viewmont Hig
h School in Bountiful, Utah, where
the drama club was putting on a play. He approached
the drama teacher and then a student,
asking both to come out to the parking lot to identify a car. Bot
h declined. The drama teacher saw
him again shortly before the end of the play, this time breathing
hard, with his hair mussed and
his shirt untucked. Another student saw the man lurking in the r

26. ear of the auditorium. Debby Kent,
a 17-year-old Viewmont High student, left the play at intermissi
on to go and pick up her brother,
and was never seen again. Later, investigators found a
small key in the parking lot outside
Viewmont High. It
unlocked the handcuffs taken off Carol DaRonch.
In 1975, while still attending law school at
the University of Utah, Bundy shifted his crimes to
Colorado. On January 12, 1975, Caryn Campbell disappeared fr
om the Wildwood Inn at Snowmass,
Colorado, where she had been vacationing with her fiancé
and his children. She vanished
somewhere in a span of 50 feet between the elevator doors and h
er room. Her body was found on
February 17, 1975.
Next, Vail ski instructor Julie Cunningham disappeared on Marc
h 15, 1975, and Denise Oliverson in
Grand Junction on April 6, 1975. While in prison, Bundy confes
sed to Colorado investigators that
he used crutches to approach Cunningham, after asking her to h
elp him carry some ski boots to
his car. At the car, Bundy clubbed her with his crowbar and im
mobilized her with handcuffs, later
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strangling her in a crime highly similar to the Hawkins murder.

27. Lynette Culver went missing in Pocatello, Idaho, on May 6, 197
5, from the grounds of her junior
high school. After his return to Utah, Susan Curtis vanished on
June 28, 1975. (Bundy confessed
to the Curtis murder minutes before his execution.) The bodies
of Cunningham, Culver, Curtis and
Oliverson have never been recovered.
Meanwhile, back in Washington, investigators were attempting t
o prioritize their enormous list of
suspects. They used computers to cross-check different
likely lists of suspects (classmates of
Lynda Healy, owners of Volkswagens, etc) against each
other, and then identify suspects who
turned up on more than one list. "Theodore Robert Bundy" was
one of 25 people who turned up on
four separate
lists, and his case file was second on the "To Be Investigated" p
ile when the call
came from Utah of an arrest.
Arrest, first trial, and escapes
Bundy was arrested on August 16, 1975, in Salt Lake City, for f
ailure to stop for a police officer. A
search of his car revealed a ski mask, a crowbar, handcuffs,
trash bags, an icepick, and other
items that were thought by the police to be burglary
tools. Bundy remained calm during
questioning, explaining that he needed the mask for skiing
and had found the handcuffs in a
dumpster. Utah detective Jerry Thompson connected Bundy and
his Volkswagen to the DaRonch
kidnapping and the missing girls, and searched his apartment.
The search uncovered a brochure of Colorado ski resorts, with a

28. check mark by the Wildwood Inn
where Caryn Campbell had disappeared. After searching his apa
rtment, the police brought Bundy
in for a lineup before DaRonch and the Bountiful
witnesses. They identified him as "Officer
Roseland" and as the man lurking about the night Debby Kent di
sappeared.
Following a week-long trial, Bundy was convicted of DaRonch's
kidnapping on March 1, 1976, and
was sentenced to 15 years in Utah State Prison. Colorado
authorities were pursuing murder
charges, however, and Bundy was extradited there to stand trial.
On June 7, 1977, in preparation for a hearing in the Caryn Camp
bell murder trial, Bundy was taken
to the Pitkin County courthouse in Aspen. During a court
recess, he was allowed to visit the
courthouse's
law library, where he jumped out of the building from a second-
story window and
escaped, but sprained his right ankle during the jump. In the mi
nutes following his escape, Bundy
at first ran and then strolled casually through the small town to
ward Aspen Mountain.
He made it all the way to the top of Aspen Mountain without bei
ng detected, where he rested for
two days in an abandoned hunting cabin. But afterwards,
he lost his sense of direction and
wandered around the mountain, missing two trails that led down
off the mountain to his intended
destination, the town of Crested Butte. At one point, he came fa
ce-to-face with a gun-toting citizen
who was one of the searchers scouring Aspen Mountain for Ted
Bundy, but talked his way out of

29. danger.
On June 13, 1977, Bundy stole a car he found on the mountain.
He drove back into Aspen and
could have gotten away, but two police deputies noticed
the Cadillac with dimmed headlights
weaving in and out of its lane and pulled Bundy over. They reco
gnized him and took him back to
jail. Bundy had been on the lam for six days.
He was back in custody, but Bundy worked on a
new escape plan. He was being held in the
Glenwood Springs, Colorado, jail while he awaited trial. He had
acquired a hacksaw blade and $500
in cash; he later claimed the blade came from another prison in
mate. Over two weeks, he sawed
through the welds fixing a small metal plate in the ceiling and,
after dieting down still further, was
able to fit through the hole and access the crawl space above.
An informant in the prison told guards that he had heard Bundy
moving around the ceiling during
the nights before his escape, but the matter was not investigated
. When Bundy's Aspen trial judge
ruled on December 23, 1977, that the Caryn Campbell murder
trial would start on January 9,
1978, and changed the venue to Colorado Springs, Bundy realiz
ed that he had to make his escape
before he was transferred out of the Glenwood Springs jail.
On the night of December 30, 1977, Bundy dressed warmly and
packed books and files under his
blanket to make it look like he was sleeping. He
wriggled through the hole and up into the
crawlspace. Bundy crawled over to a spot directly above the jail
er's linen closet — the jailer and his

30. wife were out for the evening — dropped down into the
jailer's apartment, and walked out the
door.
Bundy was free, but he was on foot in the middle of a bitterly c
old, snowy Colorado night. He stole
a broken-down MG, but it stalled out in the mountains. Bundy w
as stuck on the side of Interstate
70 in the middle of the night in a blizzard, but another driver ga
ve him a ride into Vail. From there
he caught a bus to Denver and boarded the TWA 8:55
a.m. flight to Chicago. The Glenwood
Springs jail guards did not notice Bundy was gone until noon on
December 31, 1977, 17 hours
after his escape, by which time Bundy was already in Chicago.
Florida
Following his arrival in Chicago, Bundy then caught an Amtrak
train to Ann Arbor, Michigan, where
he got a room at the YMCA. On January 2, 1978, he went to an
Ann Arbor bar and watched the
University of Washington Huskies, the team of his alma mater,
beat Michigan in the Rose Bowl. He
later stole a car in Ann Arbor, which he abandoned in Atlanta,
Georgia before boarding a bus for
Tallahassee, Florida, where he arrived on January 8, 1978. Ther
e, he rented a room at a boarding
house under the alias of "Chris Hagen" and committed
numerous petty crimes including
shoplifting, purse snatching, and auto theft. He stole a student I
D card that belonged to a Kenneth
Misner and sent away for copies of Misner's Social Security car
d and birth certificate. He grew a

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mustache and drew a fake mole on his right cheek when he went
out, but aside from that, he made
no real attempt at a disguise. Bundy tried to find work
at a construction site, but when the
personnel officer asked Bundy for his driver's license for identif
ication, Bundy walked away. This
was his only attempt at job hunting.
One week after Bundy's arrival in Tallahassee, in the early hour
s of Super Bowl Sunday on January
15, 1978, two and a half years of repressed homicidal violence e
rupted. Bundy entered the Florida
State University Chi Omega sorority house at approximately 3 a
.m. and killed two sleeping women,
Lisa Levy and Margaret Bowman. Bundy bludgeoned and
strangled Levy and Bowman; he also
sexually assaulted Levy. He also bludgeoned two
other Chi Omegas, Karen Chandler and Kathy
Kleiner. The entire episode took no more than half an hour. Afte
r leaving the Chi Omega house,
Bundy broke
into another home a few blocks away, clubbing and severely
injuring Florida State
University student Cheryl Thomas.
On February 9, 1978, Bundy traveled to Lake City, Florida. Whi
le there, he abducted, raped, and
murdered 12-year-old Kimberly Leach, throwing her body under
a small pig shed. On February 12,
1978, Bundy stole yet another Volkswagen Beetle and left

32. Tallahassee for good, heading west
across the Florida panhandle.
On February 15, 1978, shortly after 1 a.m., Bundy was stopped
by Pensacola police officer David
Lee. When the officer called in a check of the license plate, the
vehicle came up as stolen. Bundy
then scuffled with the officer before he was finally subdued. As
Lee took the unknown suspect to
jail, Bundy said "I wish you had killed me." At his booking Bun
dy gave the police the name Ken
Misner (and presented stolen identification for Misner),
but the Florida Department of Law
Enforcement made a positive fingerprint identification
early the next day. He was immediately
transported to Tallahassee and subsequently charged with the Ta
llahassee and Lake City murders.
He was later taken to Miami to stand trial for the Chi Omega mu
rders.
Conviction and execution
Bite mark testimony at the Chi Omega trialBundy went to trial f
or the Chi Omega murders in June
1979, with Dade County Circuit Court Judge Edward D.
Cowart presiding. Despite having five
court-appointed lawyers, he insisted on acting as his own
attorney and even cross-examined
witnesses, including the police officer who had discovered
Margaret Bowman's body. He was
prosecuted by Assistant State Attorney Larry Simpson.
Two pieces of evidence proved crucial. First, Chi Omega memb
er Nita Neary, getting back to the
house very late after a date, saw Bundy as he left, and identified
him in court. Second, during his

33. homicidal frenzy, Bundy bit Lisa Levy in her left buttock, leavi
ng obvious bite marks. Police took
plaster casts of Bundy's teeth and a forensics expert matched the
m to the photographs of Levy's
wound. Bundy was convicted on all counts and sentenced to dea
th. After confirming the sentence,
Cowart gave him the verdict:
It is ordered that you be put to death by a current of electricity,
that current be passed through
your body until you are dead. Take care of yourself, young man.
I say that to you sincerely; take
care of yourself, please. It is an utter tragedy for this court to se
e such a total waste of humanity
as I've experienced in this courtroom. You're a bright young ma
n. You'd have made a good lawyer,
and I would have loved to have you practice in front of me, but
you went another way, partner.
Take care of yourself. I don't feel any animosity toward you. I
want you to know that. Once again,
take care of yourself.
Bundy was tried for the Kimberly Leach murder in 1980. He wa
s again convicted on all counts,
principally due to fibers found in his van that matched Leach's c
lothing and an eyewitness that saw
him leading Leach away from the school, and sentenced to death
. During the Kimberly Leach trial,
Bundy married former coworker Carole Ann Boone in the courtr
oom while questioning her on the
stand. Following numerous conjugal visits between Bundy and h
is new wife, Boone gave birth to a
daughter in October 1982. However, in 1986 Boone moved back
to Washington and never returned
to Florida. Her whereabouts and those of Bundy's daughter are u
nknown.

34. While awaiting execution in Starke Prison, Bundy was housed i
n the cell next to fellow serial killer
Ottis Toole, the murderer of Adam Walsh. FBI profiler Robert
K. Ressler met with him there as part
of his work interviewing serial killers, but found Bundy uncoop
erative and manipulative, willing to
speak only in the third person, and only in hypothetical terms.
Writing in 1992, Ressler spoke of
his impression of Bundy in comparison to his
reviews of other serial killers: "This guy was an
animal, and it amazed me that the media seemed unable to under
stand that."
However, during the same period, Bundy was often visited by S
pecial Agent William Hagmaier of
the Federal Bureau of
Investigation's Behavioral Sciences Unit. Bundy would come to
confide in
Hagmaier, going so far as to call him his best friend. Eventually
, Bundy confessed to Hagmaier
many details of the murders that had until then been unknown or
unconfirmed.
In October 1984, Bundy contacted former King County homicid
e detective Bob Keppel and offered
to assist in the ongoing search for the Green River Killer
by providing his own insights and
analysis. Keppel and Green River Task Force detective Dave Re
ichert traveled to Florida's death row
to interview Bundy. Both detectives later stated that these interv
iews were of little actual help in the
investigation; they provided far greater insight into
Bundy's own mind, however, and were
primarily pursued in the hope of learning the details of
unsolved murders which Bundy was

35. suspected of committing.
Bundy mug shot, 1980, the day after he was sentenced to
death for the murder of Kimberly
LeachBundy contacted Keppel again in 1988. At that point, his
appeals were exhausted. Bundy had
beaten previous death warrants for March 4, 1986, July 2, 1986,
and November 18, 1986. With
execution imminent, Bundy confessed to eight official unsolved
murders in Washington State for
which he was the prime suspect. Bundy told Keppel that there w
ere actually five bodies left on
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Taylor Mountain, not four as they had originally thought. Bundy
confessed in detail to the murder
of Georgeann Hawkins, describing how he lured her to his car, c
lubbed her with a tire iron that he
had stashed on the ground under his car, drove away with her in
the car with him, and later raped
and strangled her.
After the interview, Keppel reported that he had been shocked i
n speaking with Bundy, and that he
was the kind of man who was "born to kill." Keppel stated:
He described the Issaquah crime scene (where Janice Ott,
Denise Naslund, and Georgeann
Hawkins had been left) and it was almost like he was just there.
Like he was seeing everything. He

36. was infatuated with the idea because he spent so much time ther
e. He is just totally consumed
with murder all the time.
Bundy had hoped that he could use the revelations and partial c
onfessions to get another stay of
execution or possibly commute his sentence to life
imprisonment. At one point, a legal advocate
working for Bundy asked many of the families of the victims
to fax letters to Florida Governor
Robert Martinez and ask for mercy for Bundy in order to find ou
t where the remains of their loved
ones were. All of the families refused. Keppel and others report
ed that Bundy gave scant detail
about his crimes during his confessions, and promised to reveal
more and other body dump sites if
he were given "more time." The ploy failed and Bundy was exec
uted on schedule.
The night before Bundy was executed, he gave a television inter
view to James Dobson, head of the
evangelical Christian organization Focus on the Family. During
the interview, Bundy made repeated
claims as to
the pornographic "roots" of his crimes. He stated that, while por
nography did not
cause him to commit murder, the consumption of violent pornog
raphy helped "shape and mold" his
violence into "behavior too terrible to describe." He alleged that
he felt that violence in the media,
"particularly sexualized violence," sent boys "down the road to
being Ted Bundys." In the same
interview, Bundy stated:
"You are going to kill me, and that will protect society from me.
But out there are many, many more

37. people who are addicted to pornography, and you are doing noth
ing about that."
According to Hagmaier, Bundy contemplated suicide in the days
leading up to his execution, but
eventually decided against it.
At 7:06 a.m. local
time on January 24, 1989, Ted Bundy was executed in
the electric chair at
Florida State Prison in Starke, Florida. His last words were, "I'd
like you to give my love to my family
and friends." Then, more than 2,000 volts were applied across hi
s body for less than two minutes.
He was pronounced dead at 7:16 a.m. Several hundred people w
ere gathered outside the prison
and cheered when they saw the signal that Bundy had been decl
ared dead.
Modus operandi and victim profiles
Bundy in custody, Leon County, FloridaBundy had a fairly cons
istent modus operandi. He would
approach a potential victim in a public place, even in daylight o
r in a crowd, as when he abducted
Ott and Naslund at Lake Sammamish or when he kidnapped Lea
ch from her school. Bundy had
various ways of gaining a victim's trust. Sometimes, he would f
eign injury, wearing his arm in a
sling or wearing a fake cast, as in the murders of
Hawkins, Rancourt, Ott, Naslund, and
Cunningham. At other times Bundy would impersonate an autho
rity figure; he pretended to be a
policeman when approaching Carol DaRonch. The day
before he killed Kimberly Leach, Bundy
approached another young Florida girl pretending to be "Richar

38. d Burton, Fire Department", but left
hurriedly after her older brother arrived.
Bundy had a remarkable advantage in that his facial
features were attractive, yet not especially
memorable. In later years, he would often be described as
chameleon-like, able to look totally
different by making only minor adjustments to his appearance, e
.g., growing a beard or changing
his hairstyle.
All of Bundy's victims were white females and most were of mi
ddle class background. Almost all
were between the ages of 15 and 25. Many were college student
s. In her book, Rule notes that
most of Bundy's victims had long straight hair parted in the mid
dle—just like Stephanie Brooks, the
woman to whom Bundy was engaged in 1973. Rule speculates th
at Bundy's resentment towards
his first girlfriend was a motivating factor in his string of murde
rs. However, in a 1980 interview,
Bundy dismissed this hypothesis: "[t]hey...just fit the
general criteria of being young and
attractive...Too many people have bought this crap that all the g
irls were similar — hair about the
same color, parted in the middle...but if you look at it,
almost everything was
dissimilar...physically, they were almost all different."
After luring a victim to his car, Bundy would hit her in the head
with a crowbar he had placed
underneath his Volkswagen or hidden inside it. Every recovered
skull, except for that of Kimberly
Leach, showed signs of blunt force trauma. Every recovered bod
y, except for that of Leach, showed
signs of strangulation.

39. Many of Bundy's victims were transported a considerable distan
ce from where they disappeared, as
in the case of Kathy Parks, whom he drove more
than 260 miles from Oregon to Washington.
Bundy often would drink alcohol prior to finding a
victim; Carol DaRonch testified to smelling
alcohol on his breath.
Hagmaier stated that Bundy considered himself to be an amateur
and impulsive killer in his early
years, and then moved into what he considered to be his
"prime" or "predator" phase. Bundy
stated that this phase began around the time of the Lynda Healy
murder, when he began seeking
victims he considered to be equal to his skill as a murderer.
On death row, Bundy admitted to decapitating at least a dozen o
f his victims with a hacksaw. He
kept the severed heads later found on Taylor Mountain (Rancour
t, Parks, Ball, Healy) in his room or
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apartment for some time before finally disposing of them.
He confessed to cremating Donna
Manson's head in his girlfriend's fireplace. Some of the skulls o
f Bundy's victims were found with
the front teeth broken out. Bundy also confessed to visiting his
victims' bodies over and over again
at the Taylor Mountain body dump site. He stated that he would

40. lie with them for hours, applying
makeup to their corpses and having sex with their decomposing
bodies until putrefaction forced
him to abandon the remains. Not long before his death, Bundy a
dmitted to returning to the corpse
of Georgeann Hawkins for purposes of necrophilia.
Bundy confessed to keeping other souvenirs of his crimes. The
Utah police who searched Bundy's
apartment in 1975 missed a collection of photographs that Bund
y had hidden in the utility room,
photos that Bundy destroyed when he returned home after being
released on bail. His girlfriend
Elizabeth once found a bag in his room filled with women's clot
hing.
When Bundy was confronted by law enforcement officers who st
ated that they believed the number
of individuals he had murdered was 36, Bundy told them that th
ey should "add one digit to that,
and you'll have it." Rule speculated that
this meant Bundy might have killed over 100 women.
Speaking to his lawyer Polly Nelson in 1988, however,
Bundy dismissed the 100+ victims
speculation and said that the more common estimate of approxi
mately 35 victims was accurate.
Pathology
In December 1987, Bundy was examined for seven hours by Dor
othy Otnow Lewis, a professor
from New York University Medical Center. Lewis diagnosed Bu
ndy as a manic depressive whose
crimes usually occurred during his depressive episodes. To Lew
is, Bundy described his childhood,
especially his relationship with his maternal grandparents, Samu

41. el and Eleanor Cowell.
According to Bundy, grandfather Samuel Cowell was a deacon i
n his church. Along with the already
established description of his grandfather as a tyrannical bully,
Bundy described him as a bigot
who hated blacks, Italians, Catholics, and Jews. He further state
d that his grandfather tortured
animals, beating the family dog and swinging neighborhood cats
by their tails. He also told Lewis
how his grandfather kept a large collection of pornography in hi
s greenhouse where, according to
relatives, Bundy and a cousin would sneak to look at it for hour
s.
Family members expressed skepticism over Louise's "Jack Wort
hington" story of Bundy's parentage
and noted that Samuel Cowell once flew into a violent rage whe
n the subject of the boy's father
came up. Bundy described his grandmother as a timid and obedi
ent wife, who was sporadically
taken to hospitals to undergo shock treatment for depression. To
ward the end of her life, Bundy
said, she became agoraphobic.
Louise Bundy's younger sister Julia recalled a disturbing
incident with her young nephew. After
lying down in the Cowells' home for a nap, Julia woke to find h
erself surrounded by knives from the
Cowell kitchen. Three-year-old Ted was standing by the bed, sm
iling at her.
Bundy used stolen credit cards to purchase more than 30
pairs of socks while on the run in
Florida; he was a self-described foot fetishist.

42. In the Dobson interview before his execution, Bundy said that v
iolent pornography played a major
role in his sex crimes. According to Bundy, as a young boy he f
ound "outside the home again, in
the local grocery store, in a local drug store,
the soft core pornography that people called soft
core...And from time to time we would come across pornographi
c books of a harder nature...."
Bundy said, "It happened in stages, gradually. My experience wi
th pornography generally, but with
pornography that deals on a violent level with sexuality, is once
you become addicted to it — and I
look at this as a kind of addiction like other kinds of addiction
— I would keep looking for more
potent, more explicit, more graphic kinds of material.
Until you reach a point where the
pornography only goes so far, you reach that
jumping off point where you begin to wonder if
maybe actually doing it would give that which is beyond just re
ading it or looking at it."
In a letter written shortly before his escape from the Glenwood
Springs jail, Bundy said "I have
known people who...radiate vulnerability. Their facial expressio
ns say 'I am afraid of you.' These
people invite abuse... By expecting to be hurt, do they subtly en
courage it?"
In a 1980 interview, speaking of a serial killer's justification of
his actions, Bundy said "So what's
one less? What's one less person on the face of the planet?" Wh
en Florida detectives asked Bundy
to tell them where he had left Kimberly Leach's body for her fa
mily's solace, Bundy allegedly said,
"But I'm the most cold-hearted son of a bitch you'll ever meet."

43. Victims
Below is a chronological
list of Ted Bundy's known victims. Bundy never made a compre
hensive
confession of his crimes and his true total is not known, but bef
ore his execution, he confessed to
Hagmaier to having committed 30 murders. Many of his victims
remain unknown. All the women
listed were killed, unless otherwise noted.
1973
May 1973: Unknown hitchhiker, Tumwater, Washington
area. Confessed to Bob Keppel before
Bundy's execution. No remains found.
1974
January 4: Joni Lenz (pseudonym) (18, survived). University of
Washington first-year student who
was bludgeoned in her bed and impaled with a speculum as she
slept.
February 1: Lynda Ann Healy (21). Bludgeoned while asleep an
d abducted from the house she
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shared with other University of Washington co-eds.

44. March 12: Donna Gail Manson (19). Abducted while walking to
a jazz concert on the Evergreen
State College campus, Olympia, Washington. Bundy confessed t
o her murder, but her body was
never found.
April 17: Susan Elaine Rancourt (18). Disappeared as she
walked across Ellensburg's Central
Washington State College campus at night.
May 6: Roberta Kathleen "Kathy" Parks (22). Vanished from Or
egon State University in Corvallis
while walking to another dorm hall to have coffee with friends.
June 1: Brenda Carol Ball (22). Disappeared from the Flame Ta
vern in Burien, Washington.
June 11: Georgeann Hawkins (18). Disappeared from
behind her sorority house, Kappa Alpha
Theta, at the University of Washington.
July 14: Janice Ann Ott (23) and Denise Marie Naslund (19). Ab
ducted several hours apart from
Lake Sammamish State Park in Issaquah, Washington.
September 2: Unknown teenage hitchhiker. Idaho. Confessed
before his execution. No remains
found.
October 2: Nancy Wilcox (16). Disappeared in Holladay, Utah.
Her body was never found.
October 18: Melissa Smith (17). Vanished from Midvale, Utah,
after leaving a pizza parlor.

45. October 31: Laura Aime (17). Disappeared from a Halloween pa
rty at Lehi, Utah.
November 8: Carol DaRonch (survived). Escaped from
Bundy by jumping out from his car in
Murray, Utah.
November 8: Debra "Debi" Kent (17). Vanished from the parkin
g lot of a school in Bountiful, Utah,
hours after DaRonch escaped from Bundy. Shortly before
his execution, Bundy confessed to
investigators
that he dumped Kent at a site near Fairview, Utah. An
intense search of the site
produced one human bone — a knee cap —
which matched the profile for someone of Kent's age
and size. DNA testing has not been attempted.
Bundy is a suspect in the murder of Carol Valenzuela,
who disappeared from Vancouver,
Washington, on August 2, 1974. Her remains were discovered t
wo months later south of Olympia,
Washington, along with those of an unidentified female.
1975
January 12: Caryn Campbell (23). Campbell, a Michigan nurse,
vanished between her hotel lounge
and room while on a ski trip with her fiancé in Snowmass, Color
ado.
March 15: Julie Cunningham (26). Disappeared while on
her way to a nearby tavern in Vail,
Colorado. Bundy confessed to investigators that he buried Cunn
ingham's body near Rifle, Garfield
County, Colorado, but a search did not produce remains.

46. April 6: Denise Oliverson (25). Abducted while bicycling to vis
it her parents in Grand Junction,
Colorado. Bundy provided details of her murder, but her body w
as never found.
May 6: Lynette Culver (13). Snatched from a school playground
at Alameda Junior High School in
Pocatello, Idaho. Her body was never found.
June 28: Susan Curtis (15). Disappeared while walking alone to
the dormitories during a youth
conference at Brigham Young University in Provo, Utah. Her bo
dy was never found.
Bundy is a suspect in the murder of Melanie Suzanne "Suzy" Co
oley, who disappeared April 15,
1975, after leaving Nederland High School in Nederland, Colora
do. Her bludgeoned and strangled
corpse was discovered by road maintenance workers on May 2,
1975, in nearby Coal Creek Canyon.
Gas receipts place Bundy in nearby Golden, the day of the Cool
ey abduction. The Jefferson County,
Colorado, Sheriff's Office has classified the Melanie Cooley mu
rder as a cold
case.
1978
January 15: Lisa Levy (20), Margaret Bowman (21),
Karen Chandler (survived), Kathy Kleiner
Deshields (survived). The Chi Omega killings, Florida State Uni
versity, Tallahassee, Florida.
January 15: Cheryl Thomas (survived). Bludgeoned
in her bed, eight blocks away from the Chi

47. Omega Sorority house.
February 9: Kimberly Leach (12), kidnapped from her junior hig
h school in Lake City, Florida. She
was raped, murdered and discarded in Suwannee River State Par
k in Florida.
In film
Three TV movies and one feature film have been produced abou
t Bundy and his crimes.
The Deliberate Stranger, a two-part TV movie, aired on NBC in
1986 and starred Mark Harmon as
Bundy.
Ted Bundy, released
in 2002, was directed by Matthew Bright. Michael Reilly
Burke starred as
Bundy.
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The Stranger Beside Me aired on the USA Network in 2003, and
starred Billy Campbell as Bundy
and Barbara Hershey as Ann Rule.
In 2004, the A&E Network produced an adaptation of Robert Ke
ppel's book The Riverman, which
starred Cary Elwes as Bundy and Bruce Greenwood as Keppel.

48. Wikipedia.org
The Depths of Depravity
Savvy Sociopath Changes Police Methods
By By Kevin Heldman - APB Online
NEW YORK (APBnews.com) -- Ted Bundy was a young Republ
ican, law student, avid skier, crisis
hotline volunteer and the boy next door. He was also a cannibal,
necrophiliac, charismatic sociopath
and the man whose name came to define the term "serial killer"
for the 20th century. Though there
were at
least 57 documented cases of serial killings in America since 19
00, Bundy changed the
landscape. The man who admitted to killing at least 30 women b
etween 1973 and 1978 -- some
experts believe he killed more than a hundred -- was a remarkab
le criminal in several ways.
"In 1974 when we had our first [Bundy] crime that we knew of,
the phenomena just wasn't very
well known," said Robert Keppel, a former homicide
detective and author of The Riverman, an
account of his search for Washington's Green River Killer and h
is attempt to enlist Ted Bundy's
assistance. "What makes him unique from a lot of others is the r
ange and the span with which he
committed his murders across state lines, across the whole coun
try," Keppel said. Bundy killed in
as many as 10 states, more than any serial killer in American his
tory.

49. University of Louisville criminology professor Ronald M.
Holmes, who spent two years
corresponding with Bundy as well as interviewing him in prison
, said Bundy's propensity for travel
corresponded with the advent of the nation's interstate
system and the increased reliability of
transportation. Prior to Bundy, most serial killers murdered in t
heir own backyards.
Bundy was the first to deviate significantly from that
pattern, establishing the model for the
modern-day multiple murderer. A new breed of killer - Bundy w
as a type of killer police hadn't
encountered before. They weren't yet equipped to deal with him.
"His case had a great effect on
the way law enforcement collects
information about killers," Keppel said. "There was no central
repository of murder information anywhere in the United States
at that time."
Although some experts disagree, Keppel said the Bundy case wa
s instrumental in the development
of VICAP (Violent Criminal Apprehension Program), an FBI dat
abase designed to collect and link
information on serial homicides. The FBI began using VICAP in
1985.
Bundy's geographical range left investigators with the laborious
task of phoning individual police
departments across the United States and combing through piles
of disparate murder records. It
was Bundy, by proxy, who taught the FBI
the value of a central murder database. "It took my
partner and I a year-and-a-half to collect information on over 90
murders in Western states," said

50. Keppel. "If everybody cooperated in the VICAP program and su
bmitted their crimes, it would have
been a matter of seconds."
The media's darling - Bundy, with a hand from the media, chang
ed the face of the serial killer as
well. According to Holmes, who has profiled more than 375 mur
der and rape cases, the public
image of the serial killer before Bundy was the psychotic,
demented freak with gross physical
impairments.
"Then Bundy comes along and says, 'Hey, I'm just like the guy n
ext door -- I'm the stranger beside
you,' " he said, referring to the title of crime writer Ann Rule's
book about Bundy. Holmes said
there were serial killers before Bundy who were just as charism
atic, just as all-American, but they
didn't get the media representation Bundy did. "We serial
killers are your sons, we are your
husbands, we are everywhere," Bundy is quoted in Harold
Schechter's book, The A to Z
Encyclopedia of Serial Killers. A Ph.D. in serial killing - Bundy
called upon a potpourri of serial killer
traits and a vast reserve of deviance. According to various acco
unts, he stored severed heads in
his home, and was a loner who was simultaneously engaged to t
wo women while he was killing.
He incinerated skulls in his fireplace and vacuumed up the ashe
s. He re-dressed dead victims, ate
their flesh, feigned lameness to lure victims and faked accents.
He kept one of his victims in his
possession for nine days. He twice escaped
from custody, was an experienced cat burglar and
insisted on strangling his victims while he looked directly into t

51. heir eyes.
Bundy looked upon serial killing as a macabre mixture of sport,
craft and intellectual pursuit. A
1992 investigative report stated that Bundy went on dry runs, "p
icking up a woman and releasing
her unharmed to test his skills." In interviews, he compared killi
ng to learning how to be a better
repairman or cook. He told interviewers he had a Ph.D. in serial
killing. Killed only the best victims
- Perhaps Bundy's most significant impact on
the public consciousness was the breadth of his
killing and the identities of his victims. Bundy didn't kill prostit
utes or drug dealers. He killed the
police chief's daughter. He killed pretty young college girls. His
crimes caused outrage and led to
nationwide media coverage. "He was killing the best and most a
ttractive of the youth," said Holmes.
"He was killing college girls that were the future of America. T
hey were very valuable victims."
Serving as his own defense attorney, Bundy dragged out
his execution for almost 11 years.
Snippets of his televised trial in Miami came into people's home
s on the news each night. By the
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time he was executed in 1989 at age 42, Bundy was so
widely despised that, according to
Schechter's book, people gathered outside the prison where he w

52. as to be electrocuted to toast his
death with champagne. Across the state of Washington, Keppel
said taverns in every city put up
billboards celebrating his impending execution: "Drink one to B
undy."
Ted Bundy Quotations
Theodore Robert Bundy is trying to TELL you Something:
"It is not an easy matter to isolate things. I mean,
incidents which themselves could cause
pressure or stress, be unpleasant to one degree or another or hav
e a disorienting effect. You have
to see it in its unique effect on the unique individual.
There are no broad generalizations or
predictions you can make. You just can't predict behavior like t
hat. Society wants to believe it can
identify evil people ... it's not practical ... If someone does some
thing antisocial and deviant, that is
a manifestation of something that is going on inside. Once they
do something, then they can be
labeled. Predictions can't be made until that point is reached."
"I think that you could say that the influence of the person's fam
ily history was positive. But not
positive enough -- not enduring, perhaps not strong enough to o
vercome the urges or compulsions
that resulted ... in this instance, the influence of the
family and the environment in which this
person grew up were positive, but not so positive as to prepare t
his individual ... " "You take the
individual we are talking about ... and then you subject him to s
tress. Stress happens to come

53. randomly, but its effect on the personality
is not random; it's specific. That results in a certain
amount of chaos, confusion, and frustration. That person
begins to seek out a target for his
frustrations. The continued nature of this stress this person was
under -- the nature of the flaw or
weakness in his personality, together with other elements
in the environment that offer him a
logical target for his frustrations or escapes from reality -- yield
s the situation we're discussing ...
There is no trigger, it is truly more sophisticated than that."
"I hate to use labels that are psychological or psychiatric becaus
e there are no stereotypes, and
when you start to use those labels, you stop looking at
the facts." "This condition is not
immediately seen by the individual or identified as a serious pro
blem. It sort of manifests itself in
an interest concerning sexual behavior, as sexual images ... But
this interest, for some unknown
reason, becomes geared toward matters of a sexual nature
that involves violence. I cannot
emphasize enough the gradual development of this. It is not sho
rt term ... This is on a different
level than this individual would deal with women every
day, and not in the context of sexual
condition, because that is over here someplace, like collecting st
amps. He doesn't retain the taste
of glue, so to speak, all day long. But in a broader, more abstrac
t way, it begins to preoccupy him."
"He has no hatred for women; there is nothing in his
background that happened that would
indicate he has been abused by any females ... there is some kin
d of weakness that gives rise to
this individual's interest in the kind of sexual activity involving

54. violence that would gradually begin
to absorb some of his fantasy ... he was not imagining himself a
ctually doing these things, but he
found gratification from reading about others so engaged. Event
ually the interest would become so
demanding toward new material that it could only be catered to
by what he could find in the dirty
book stores."
[Bundy described the part of "this personality" that found gratifi
cation in the thoughts, and later
acts, of sexual violence as "the entity," "the disordered self," an
d "the malignancy." The schemes
or ruses used for isolating and abducting his victims, were a res
ult of fantasy, and attributed to
the "Ted," or dominant part of the personality. The following ar
e statements made by Ted in which
he discusses the progressive pattern of sexual violence prior to t
he commission of murder.]
"Say he was walking down the street on one occasion, one eveni
ng, and just totally, by chance ...
looked up into the window of a house and saw a woman undress
ing ... And he began, with some
regularity, with increasing regularity, to, uh, canvass, as it were
, the community he lived in. By
peeping in windows, as it were, and watching a woman undress,
or watching whatever could be
seen, you know, during the evening, and approaching it almost l
ike a project, throwing himself into
it, literally for years ... These occasions when he when
he would, uh, travel about the
neighborhoods that adjoined his and search out candidates for ...
search out places where ... he
could see what he wanted to see ... more or less
these occasions were dictated ... still being

55. dictated by this person's normal life. So he wouldn't break a dat
e or postpone an important, uh,
event ... wouldn't rearrange his life ... to accommodate this, uh,
indulgence in voyeuristic behavior
... He gained ... a great amount of gratification from it. And he
became increasingly adept at it --
as anyone becomes adept at anything they do over and over and
over again ... What began to
happen was that ... important matters were not being rearranged
or otherwise interfered with by
this voyeuristic behavior, but with increasing regularity,
things were postponed or otherwise
rescheduled, to, uh, work around, uh, hours and hours spent on t
he street, at night and during
the early morning hours."
" ... what's happening is that we're building up the
condition ... and what may have been a
predisposition for violence becomes a disposition. And as the co
ndition develops and its purposes
or its characteristics become more well defined, it begins to de
mand more time of the individual ...
There's a certain amount of tension, uh, struggle, between the n
ormal personality and this, this,
uh, psychopathological, uh, entity ... The tension between
normal individual, uh, normal
consciousness of this individual and those demands being submi
tted to him via this competing ...
this condition inside him seems to be competing for more attenti
on ... And it's not an independent
thing. One doesn't switch on and the other doesn't switch off. T
hey're more or less active at the
same time. Sometimes one is more active ... "

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" ... a point would be reached where we'd had all of
this, this reservoir of tension building.
Building and building. Finally, inevitably, this force -- this entit
y -- would make a breakthrough ...
Maybe not a major breakthrough, but a significant breakthrough
would be achieved -- where the
tension would be too great and the demands and expectations of
this entity would reach a point
where they just could not be controlled. And where the consequ
ences would really be seen for the
first time." " I think you could make a little more sense of it if y
ou take into account the effect of
alcohol. It's
important ... When this person drank a good deal, his
inhibitions were significantly
diminished. He would find that his urge to engage in voyeuristic
behavior on trips to the book store
would become more prevalent, more urgent. On every occasion
when he engaged in such behavior,
he was intoxicated."
" ... On one particular evening, when he had been drinking a gre
at deal ... and he was passing a
bar, he saw a woman leaving the bar and walk up a fairly dark si
de street. And we'd say that for no
... the urge to do something to that person seized him -- in a wa
y he'd never been affected before
... And it seized him strongly. And to the point where, uh, witho
ut giving a great deal of thought,
he searched around for some instrumentality to uh, uh, attack th
is woman with. He found a piece

57. of a two-by-four in a lot somewhere and proceeded to follow an
d track this girl ... and he reached
the point where he was, uh, almost driven to do something -- the
re was really no control at this
point ... the sort of revelation of that experience and the frenzie
d desire that seized him, uh, really
seemed to usher in a new dimension to the, that part of himself t
hat was obsessed with ... violence
and women and sexual activity -- a composite kind of thing. Not
terribly well defined, but more well
defined as time went on."
"On succeeding evenings he began to, uh, scurry around this sa
me neighborhood, obsessed with
the image he'd seen on the evening before ... and on one particul
ar occasion, he saw a woman
park her car and walk up to her front door and fumble with her
keys. He walked up behind her and
struck her with a ... piece of wood that he was carrying. And she
fell down and began screaming,
and he panicked and ran. What he had done had ... purely terrifi
ed him ... The sobering effect of
that was to ... for some time ... close up the cracks again. And n
ot do anything. For the first time,
he sat back and swore to himself that he wouldn't do something
like that again ... or anything that
would lead to it ... And he did everything he should have done.
He stayed away from ... he did not
go out at night. And when he was drinking, he stayed around fri
ends. For a period of months, the
enormity of what he did stuck with him, and he watched his beh
avior and reinforced the desire to
overcome what he had begun to perceive were some problems th
at were probably more severe
than he would have liked to believe they were ... within a matter
of months ... the impact of this

58. event lost its ... deterrent value. And within months he was back
... peeping in windows again and
slipping into that old routine ... the repulsion began to recede ...
something did stick with him.
That was the incredible danger: by allowing himself to fall
into spontaneous, unplanned acts of
violence ... It took six months or so, until he back thinking of al
ternative means of engaging in
similar activities, but not ... something that would be likely to r
esult in apprehension."
"Then on another night he saw a woman walking home ... he foll
owed her home ... Eventually, he
created a plan where he would attack her in, in the house ... earl
y one morning, uh, he sneaked
into her house ... he jumped on the woman's bed and attempted t
o restrain her... all he succeeded
in doing was waking her up, and, uh, causing her to panic and s
cream. He left very rapidly ... And
then he was seized with the same kind of disgust, repulsion, and
fear and wonder at why he was
allowing himself to attempt such extraordinary violence ... But t
he significance ... was that while he
did the same thing he did before -- stayed off the streets,
vowed he'd never do it again and
recognized the horror of what he'd done, and certainly was frigh
tened by what he saw happening -
- it only took him three months to get over it this time ... and th
en the next incident, he was over it
in a month -- until it didn't take him any time at all to recover...
"
"We are talking about anonymous, abstracted, living and breathi
ng people ... but they were not
known. To a point
they were symbols, uh, but once a certain point in

59. the encounter had been
crossed, they ceased being individuals and became, uh, well you
could say problems ... that's not
the word either... that's when the rational self -- the normal self
-- would surface and, and, react
with fear and horror ... But, recognizing the state of affairs, wou
ld sort of conspire with this other
part of himself to conceal the act. The survival took
precedence over remorse ... the normal
individual, began to condition mentally, out guilt out guilt; usin
g a variety of mechanisms. Saying it
was justifiable, it was, uh, acceptable, it was necessary, and on
and on."
"He received no pleasure from harming or causing pain to
the person he attacked. He received
absolutely no gratification from causing pain and did
everything possible, within reason --
considering the unreasonableness of the situation -- not to tortur
e these individuals, at least not
physically."
[The following are statements made by Ted concerning the abdu
ction and murder of twenty-one
year old college co-ed Lynda Healy, which occurred on January
31, 1974. Healy was vanish ed
from the basement bedroom the home which she shared with sev
eral other students. More than
year had passed before her remains were discovered, as were th
ose of three other young women,
scattered on the hillside of Taylor Mountain.]
" ... he checked out the house and found that the front door was
open. He thought about it. What
kind of opportunity that offered. And returned to the house later
and entered the house ... Then he

60. went around the house and found a particular door and opened -
- really hit and miss. Not knowing
who or what, not looking or anyone in particular ... that would b
e the opportunity. This was late at
night. And presumably everyone would be asleep ... we know th
at sometime later the remains were
found somewhere in the Cascades. So obviously she transported
up there ... some place that was
quiet and private. His home or some secluded area ... He would
have the girl undress and then,
with that part of himself gratified, he found himself in a positio
n where he realized then he couldn't
let the girl go. And at that point he would kill her and leave her
body where he had taken her."
"As far as remorse over the act, that would last for a period of ti
me. But it could all be justified.
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The person would attempt to justify it by saying, "Well, listen y
ou, you fucked up this time, but
you're never going to do it again. So let's just stay together, and
it won't ever happen again." Why
sacrifice this person's whole life ... But this did not last for very
long. A matter of weeks. We go
first into a state of semi-dormancy, and then it would sort of
regenerate itself, in one form or
another ... Once the condition began to reassert its force,
it didn't look back. It looked forward.
Didn't want to dwell on the preceding event, but begin to plan, a

61. nticipate, contemplate the next ...
things would be learned. Experience teaches in overt and subtle
ways. And over a period of time,
there would be less panic, there would be less confusion,
there would be less fear and
apprehension. There would be a faster regeneration period."
The following statements are made by Ted concerning the abduc
tion and murder of twenty-two
year old Kathy Parks. Kathy was last seen on May 6, 1974 at Or
egon State University. Her remains
were discovered approximately a year later on the hillside of Ta
ylor Mountain.]
"It was established quite early in the case that her body had bee
n ravished by wildlife ... a whole
variety of wild animals ... feed on the carcasses ... This might gi
ve us one as clue as to why this
person returned to that site on at least several occasions . Perha
ps it was discovered that when a
body was left there, and later when the individual would return t
o check out the situation, he would
find that it was no longer there!"
The following statements made by Ted are not relative to any on
e crime in particular.]
"Once he'd made his contact -- and it appeared he was going to
be able to carry it through -- he
became very calm and analytical about the situation he was in ..
. a period of relaxation ... until it
came time for him to kill the victim ... he would become torn ap
art as to the correctness of his
conduct ... he'd still have the overriding need to dispose of the v
ictim, and, of course, once it was
done, he would usually go into a state of panic. Suddenly

62. it would seem as if the dominant, or
formerly dominant ... the predominant, normal self came back in
to control in a horrifying way. Or
one that
is presented with ... conceived with panic and confusion ... Fear
of being captured or
discovered ... I would envision a continuation of this kind of col
laboration ... between that one part
of this person's self. Which demands certain gratification, and t
he more dominant, law-abiding,
more ethical, rational, normal self -- which was sort of forced to
become a party to this kind of
conduct. Basically you might say there was a shared division of
responsibility. This came as much
from evolution as from conscious choice."
" ... this activity is just a small, small portion of what was predo
minantly a normal existence ...
which continued to be a normal existence ... This person could s
till be very much in favor of law
and order and the police ... and be very genuinely shocked by cr
ime in the newspaper. And very
much moved by people who suffered the death of a loved one. C
omplete, genuine responding in a
normal fashion. Willing and able to help police. He would have
a real feeling in those regards. Not
out of a desire to protect or hide. These were just normal respon
ses ... The uniqueness of the
whole situation is how this condition pertained to such a
narrow spectrum of activity. The
inhibitions that would normally prevent a person from acting th
at way were specifically excised,
removed, diminished, repressed ... in such a way as to not affect
all the other inhibitions -- or to
result in the deterioration off the entire personality. But only in
that tiny, tiny slice!"

63. "We would expect that after the passing of a period of time, this
psychological condition, or part of
that individual's self ... would reach a state of maturity ... its gr
owth would greatly diminish ... the
normal self had a pretty good understanding of this condition. L
earned, uh, how to tolerate it..And
perhaps, as a symptom of this matured state of development of t
he condition ... we'd expect this
individual wouldn't need to drink to over come his inhibitions."
"It's like trying to examine what's in the medical cabinet by, in
great detail, examining what's in the
mirror ... he wasn't seeing through perhaps, the morass of
justifications and obfuscations that
he'd created and indulged in -- and what he was closely examini
ng was the reflection in the mirror,
not what was behind it. Not what was really going on ... on the
one hand he thought he'd looked at
the problem and dealt with it."
TB: How does a person . . . how does a soldier deal with war?
HA: Well, he has the justification built in, you see, there.
TB: So does the mass murderer.
Psychiatric Evaluation of Ted Bundy
(Deposition of Dr. Emanuel Tanay)
The following is a deposition taken by Polly Nelson, who
represented Bundy throughout the
collateral appeal process. It was only at this stage that the quest

64. ion of Ted Bundy's sanity was
raised, though not in relation to the crimes. Nelson was hoping
prove to the court that Bundy was
not, at the time, comepetent to stand trial, therefore invalidating
his conviction on three counts of
murder. Dr. Emauel Tanay, who evaluated Bundy in 1979, is tes
tifying as to what his findings were
at that time.
Saturday, December 12, 1987.
Polly Nelson: What were your impressions of Mr. Bundy
when you examined him on May
eighteenth, 1979?
Dr. Emanuel Tanay: My impressions were that he was an
individual who was indeed rather
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intelligent - who was well informed about a variety of matters
- but, just as I indicated in my
preliminary report, based on documents only, namely April
twenty-seventh, 1979, he showed a
typical picture of someone who suffers from a
lifelong personality disorder. Someone who was,
what we would call in psychiatry, an impulse-ridden
indivdual, prone to acting out and more
involved with immediate gratification than any long-term conce
rns. He was what in the literature
has been described in the past as a typical psychopathic type of

65. personality. This is an old term
that is no longer used outside of textbooks, but nevertheless I
found it quite descriptive of Mr.
Bundy.
Nelson: What do you mean by the term "impulse-ridden?"
Tanay: Someone who has no control, or at least impaired contro
l, over his or her impulses. Most
people might perceive a certain type of impulse to act in a certai
n fashion, because it might gratify
some kind of need, but they will reflect about it and make choic
es. Impulse-ridden individuals don't
have that ability. They are driven to gratify their impulse witho
ut subjecting it to reflection.
Nelson: Turning to page four of Exhibit Fifteen, you state that "
in the nearly three hours which I
spent with Mr. Bundy I found him to be
in a cheerful, even jovial, mood. He was witty but not
flippant; he spoke freely; however, meaningful
communication was never established. He was
asked about his apparent lack of concern so out of
keeping with the charges facing him. He
acknowledged that he was facing a possible death
sentence. However, he said, 'I'll cross that
bridge when I get to it.' " Do you recall that impression?
Tanay: Yes, I do.
Nelson: Could you describe more fully what Mr. Bundy's mood
and affect was like at that time?
Tanay: Mr. Bundy was more involved with impressing me with
his brilliance and his wit than to use
the services that had been arranged for him of an expert. He was

66. informed that I was someone of
national reputation and that he was to avail himself of
these services - Mr. Minerva and other
members of the defense team had so informed me - but that did
not take place. Mr. Bundy dealt
with me as if I was a reporter for Time magazine or some other
publication. He certainly didn't deal
with me as if I was a psychiatrist retained by the defense to assi
st in defending him when he was
facing a death sentence. He played a similar game with me as he
played with the investigators.
Nelson: In what way?
Tanay: You see, I pointed out to him that a person who committ
ed these type of sadistic homicides
may be someone who may have available to him the defense of i
nsanity, and I clearly indicated to
him that it may be useful for him to discuss that with
me; and just like he did with the
investigators, he was confessing that he did - and I say "confess
ing" in quotes, because it wasn't
an official confession, but he was leading me to believe that he i
ndeed committed these acts. Just
like he told the investigators, to use their own words, that he wa
s telling them that he did it, and
yet he wasn't. So he was creating a situation where he was pursu
ading people that he committed
these acts and yet making it impossible for a psychiatrist, like m
yself, to review this in a manner
that could convceivably assist his lawyer in formulating a defen
se, and he played it, ya know, he
talked to me but never really talked to me about the situation dir
ectly. He never acknowledged that
he committed the acts, therefore we could never discuss them, a
nd yet he was indicating, in a

67. manner that I can't really describe to you, just as he did with the
police officers, that he was the
one who did it.
Nelson: What was your impression of the reason that Mr. Bundy
was acting in that way?
Tanay: My impression was that it was typical behavior of a psyc
hopath who likes to defy authority,
who has a need, who is driven to defy authority - and that
includes lawyers, psychiatrists, law
enforcement, judges - and that was more important to
him than saving his own life. He was
typically responding to a gratification of the moment.
Nelson: You wrote here on page
five of Exhibit Fifteen that "Mr. Bundy rationalized away every
piece of evidence which linked him to the crime," and a little
further down, "Mr. Bundy has an
incapacity to recognize the significance of the evidence held ag
ainst him. It would be simplistic to
characterize this as merely lying, in as much as he acts as if his
perception of the evidence was
reality - he makes decisions based upon these distorted
perceptions of reality." Do those
statements accurately reflect your opinions concerning Mr. Bun
dy?
Tanay: Yes. On the same page I am describing, or making refere
nce to what I knew at the time the
evidence was against him, which certainly I was told by
his attorneys was persuasive. By
confronting him with the interview I tried to find out if he woul
d respond to my pointing out to him
the reality that he was facing, which he did. He simply rejected
it.

68. Nelson: At the bottom of the same page you state, "It is my opin
ion, based on a variety of data, that
his dealings with the criminal justice system are dominated by p
sychopathology." Are you referring
there merely to the alleged crimes or to Mr. Bundy's other beha
viors?
Tanay: Both. He was doing the same thing, he was being the sa
me psychopath when he dealt with
his victims that he tortured and killed as when he was dealing w
ith lawyers who were helping him,
or investigators who were trying to solve the crime. He
was behaving in the same manner -
psychiatrically it was the same, even though the consequences w
ere obviously not as tragic, since
he couldn't harm anybody in the manner that he harmed his victi
ms. He was harming other people.
He was destructive to himself. He was destructive to his lawyers
. My observations were that he was
manipulating people around him, including his lawyers, even
though it was destructive to him.
Ultimately he was the victim of it all, but he was victimizing ot
her people even while he was in jail.
Nelson: In your opinion, was this behavior of Mr Bundy's under
his conscious control?
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Tanay: No, it was not. This was part and parcel of his maladapti

69. ve personality structure. He was
doing what was dictated by his personality disorder.
Nelson: This psychopathology that you note, with which he deal
s with the criminal justice system,
was that a temporary phenomena or was it a chronic condition?
Tanay: It was a lifelong pattern. It was not a temporary phenom
ena. It was an expression of his
basic persoanlity structure.
Nelson: Would you describe Exhibit One?
Tanay: The real background of it is the fact that I told Mr. Mine
rva that I did not believe that Mr.
Bundy would do what he was told to do, and my recollection wa
s that Mr. Minerva was writing this
to confirm that I was right, because I did - I recall Mr. Minerva
expressing to some degree, I would
have to say, admiration, for the fact that I had anticipated what
would occur - I did not think that
Mr. Bundy would cooperate.
Nelson: Cooperate in what manner?
Tanay: With the advice of his lawyers -
including even Mr. Farmer, who supposedly Mr. Bundy
greatly respected and admired - and that he would take the guilt
y plea, because it was my view
that he would not, because that would terminate the show, his a
bility to be the celebrity would
come to an end, he would be just someone who was spared from
the death sentence, and the show
would be over. Whereas, his need was to have the proceedings g
o on and on in order to gratify his
pathological needs.

70. Nelson: If Mr.Bundy made the decision to reject the plea bargai
n, in your opinion would that have
been a rational decision?
Tanay: No. It was, in my opinion, clearly an irrational decision,
even though I anticipated it, not
because it was rational but because it was consistent with
the psychopathology, the mental
disorder from which he suffered. In fact, had he done what his l
awyers advised him to do, that
would have been rational, since it was forseeable that he would
be convicted and face the death
penalty.
Nelson: Was Mr. Bundy's behavior with his attorney and his acti
ons in terms of self-representation
and other defense matters, was that an integral part of his psych
opathology?
Tanay: Very definitely so. He behaved like a
typical psychopath with his lawyers, and, for that
matter, with me.
Nelson: You testified at the competency hearing of June elevent
h, 1979. At that hearing, did Mr.
Bundy's competency counsel, Mr. Hayes, explore your opinion t
o develop facts on which to make a
decision as to Mr. Bundy's competency?
Tanay: No one did that. To be very simplistic about it, my feeli
ng of that hearing was like someone
who dressed up for the party and arrived and they canceled
the party. I was asked very few
questions, and very little information about my knowledge of M
r. Bundy or the case was placed on

71. the record.
Nelson: In your experience as an expert witness, was this procee
ding unique?
Tanay: I have testified - I belive the first time was thrity years a
go, and I have testified on many
occasions since - but this is the only case like that, where I have
been declared an adverse witness
to both parties, and where
information that I had was really not developed by the means of
an
adversary proceeding. Normally, one side pulls in one direction,
the other side pulls in the other
direction, and considerable information is elicited. I
always consider cross-examination to be
essential to develop a point of view that I am presenting.
Nelson: Did you feel that your opinion was adequately presente
d in this hearing?
Tanay: Not at all. Not at all. There was no exploration - that wa
s my impression, I made some notes
of it - that was my impression of what happened, and when I rea
d it now that just confirms that
my considerable work invested in the case was not utilized
in that hearing. I mean, I did not
develop my opinion and explain my opinion in this case. An exp
ert witness, unlike a lecturer in a
classroom, cannot function on his or her own. He or she
is completely, say, at the mercy of
whoever takes the testimony.
Nelson: Did you have an opinion at the time of the hearing on J
une eleventh whether or not Mr.
Bundy was able to assist his counsel?

72. Tanay: Considering the nature of the functions that he was to pe
rform as a defendant claiming
innocence, it was my opinion that he was not able to stand trial.
When you say assist his counsel,
he was his own counsel.
Nelson: Was he capable of changin g that behavior and not beco
ming his own counsel?
Tanay: In my opinion, he was not. He was predictably unpredict
able. What I mean by that is that
one could anticipate that he would be guided more by showmans
hip than prudence.
Nelson: Was Mr. Bundy able meaningfully to assit his counsel a
t that time?
Tanay: He was not.
Nelson: Referring to the first factor in the Florida rules
of criminal procedure governing
competency to stand trial, do you have an opinion as to whether
Mr. Bundy was able to appreciate
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the charges?
Tanay: Yes, I do have an opinion that he was able to appreciate
the charges intellectually.

73. Nelson: When you say "intellectually," do you mean that there
was some way in which he was not
able to appreciate the charges?
Tanay: That's true. I'm of the opinion that he did not appreciate
the seriousness of the charges. He
could intellectually tell you what the charges were, but he just d
ismissed them as real insignificant
- based on his rich imagination of law enforcement - which was
not the case. Clearly the charges
were based upon solid evidence, but that was not his view.
Nelson: Dr. Tanay, when you say that Mr. Bundy dismissed the
weight of the evidence against him,
was that merely carelessness on his part or was that due to an e
motional or mental factor?
Tanay: It was part of the illness, his attitude was the product, th
e outcome, of the nature of the
illness.
Nelson: Looking to the second factor of the Florida standards, w
as Mr. Bundy able to appreciate the
range and the nature of the possible penalty?
Tanay: Again, intellectually he was. As I pointed out in my repo
rt, he said that he would cross that
bridge when he came to
it, when I was asking him, Do you know that you are facing th d
eath
snetence? He could intellectually acknowledge it, but he sure di
dn't act like a man who was facing
a death sentence. He was acting like a man who did not
have a care in the world. I think I
commented upon it in my report, that he was cheerful and acted

74. more like a man who was not in
jail but was onstage.
Nelson: Was that fact psychiatrically significant?
Tanay: Yes. It's consistent with the diagnosis that I have previo
usly described, of someone who is
typical psychopath or suffers from a personality disorder.
Nelson: Dr. Tanay, did you ever observe Mr. Bundy with Mr. M
inerva?
Tanay: Yes. As I indicated
in my report, Mr. Bundy was acting as
if Mr. Minerva was his third
assistant and not a lawyer representing him.
Nelson: Did you in June of 1979 have an opinion as to Mr. Bund
y's ability to assist his attorneys in
planning his defense?
Tanay: I did have an opinion.
Nelson: And what was that opinion?
Tanay: That he was unable to assist in planning his defense. To
the contrary, he was interfering
with whatever meaningful plans the defense made. He
sabotaged pretty consitently what the
defense lawyers had worked out. His conduct was symptomatic
of his illness, and it was outside
his control.
Nelson: What was your opinion as to Mr. Bundy's motivation to
help himself in the legal process?