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āļžāļ·āđ‰āļ™āļāļēāļ™āđƒāļ™āļ āļēāļĐāļē Java
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āļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļĄāļđāļĨāļžāļ·āđ‰āļ™āļāļēāļ™ (Primitive Data Type)
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āļ•āļąāļ§āđāļ›āļĢ (Variable)
āļāļēāļĢāļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļŠāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ•āļąāļ§āđāļ›āļĢ (Identifiers)
āļ„āļ§āļĢāļĄāļĩāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŦāļĄāļēāļĒ āđ„āļĄāđˆāļĄāļĩāļŠāđˆāļ­āļ‡āļ§āđˆāļēāļ‡āđāļĨāļ°āđ€āļ„āļĢāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āļŦāļĄāļēāļĒ āđ€āļŠāđˆāļ™ ? ! @ # % ^ &
* ( ) [ ] { } . , ; : “ ‘ / āđāļĨāļ° 
āļ•āļąāļ§āđāļĢāļāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļŠāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ•āļąāļ§āđāļ›āļĢāļ„āļ§āļĢāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ•āļąāļ§āļ­āļąāļāļĐāļĢāļ•āļąāļ§āļžāļīāļĄāļžāđŒāđ€āļĨāđ‡āļ (a-z, _
āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­ $ )
āļŦāđ‰āļēāļĄāđƒāļŠāđ‰āļ„āļģāļēāļĻāļąāļžāļ—āđŒāļŠāļ‡āļ§āļ™ āđ€āļŠāđˆāļ™ name, void, class, float āļŊāļĨāļŊ
āļ•āļąāļ§āļžāļīāļĄāļžāđŒāđƒāļŦāļāđˆ/āđ€āļĨāđ‡āļ āļĄāļĩāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŦāļĄāļēāļĒāļ•āđˆāļēāļ‡āļāļąāļ™
āđ„āļĄāđˆāļ„āļ§āļĢāđƒāļŠāđ‰āļ•āļąāļ§āļžāļīāļĄāļžāđŒāđƒāļŦāļāđˆāļ—āļļāļāļ•āļąāļ§ āđ€āļžāļĢāļēāļ°āļ­āļēāļˆāđ€āļŠāļ·āđˆāļ­āļĄāđ‚āļĒāļ‡āļāļąāļšāļ āļēāļĐāļēāļ­āļ·āđˆāļ™āđ„āļĄāđˆāđ„āļ”āđ‰
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āļāļēāļĢāļ›āļĢāļ°āļāļēāļĻāļ•āļąāļ§āđāļ›āļĢ
[<access_specifier>] [<modifier>] <data_type> <variable_name1>
[,
<variable_name2>] ...;
public āđƒāļŠāđ‰āļ™āļīāļĒāļēāļĄāļ•āļąāļ§āđāļ›āļĢāđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ™āļģāļēāđ„āļ›āđƒāļŠāđ‰āļāļąāļš Class āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­
āđ‚āļ›āļĢāđāļāļĢāļĄāļ­āļ·āđˆāļ™āđ„āļ”āđ‰
private āđƒāļŠāđ‰āļ™āļīāļĒāļēāļĄāļ•āļąāļ§āđāļ›āļĢāđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āđƒāļŦāđ‰āđƒāļŠāđ‰āđ„āļ”āđ‰āđ€āļ‰āļžāļēāļ°āđƒāļ™ Class āļ—āļĩāđˆāļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡
āļ•āļąāļ§āđāļ›āļĢāļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­ Method āļ™āļąāđ‰āļ™āļ‚āļķāđ‰āļ™āļĄāļē
protected āđƒāļŠāđ‰āļ™āļīāļĒāļēāļĄāļ•āļąāļ§āđāļ›āļĢāđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āđƒāļŦāđ‰āđƒāļŠāđ‰āđ„āļ”āđ‰āđ€āļ‰āļžāļēāļ° Class āļ—āļĩāđˆāļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡
āļ‚āļķāđ‰āļ™āļĄāļēāļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒāļ§āļīāļ˜āļĩāļāļēāļĢāļŠāļ·āļšāļ—āļ­āļ” (Inheritance) āđ‚āļ”āļĒāļ›āļāļ•āļīāđƒāļŠāđ‰āļāļąāļš Base
Class
static āđƒāļŠāđ‰āļ™āļīāļĒāļēāļĄāļ•āļąāļ§āđāļ›āļĢāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļāļēāļĢāđƒāļŦāđ‰āđƒāļŠāđ‰āļ‡āļēāļ™āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļāļąāļšāļ—āļļāļ Method
āđƒāļ™ Class
final āđƒāļŠāđ‰āļ™āļīāļĒāļēāļĄāļ•āļąāļ§āđāļ›āļĢāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļāļēāļĢāđƒāļŠāđ‰āđ€āļāđ‡āļšāļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļĄāļđāļĨāļ„āđˆāļēāļ„āļ‡āļ—āļĩāđˆ
(Constant) āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āđ„āļĄāđˆāļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āđ€āļ›āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ™āļ„āđˆāļēāđ„āļ”āđ‰
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āļāļēāļĢāļāļģāļēāļŦāļ™āļ”āļ„āđˆāļēāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļāļąāļšāļ•āļąāļ§āđāļ›āļĢ
[<access_specifier>] [<modifier>] <data_type>
<variable_name1> = <value> [, <variable_name2> = <value>]...;
āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­
[<access_specifier>] [<modifier>] <data_type>
<variable_name>; <variable_name> = <value>;
āļāļēāļĢāļāļģāļēāļŦāļ™āļ”āļ„āđˆāļēāļˆāļģāļēāļ™āļ§āļ™āđ€āļ•āđ‡āļĄ
int r = 1, b = 1, g = 1; long i2 = 300 * 30;
private int employeeid = 0;
int salary; salary = 5000;
int a = 024, b = 036;
int data_c = 0x1D, data_d = 0x36;
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āļāļēāļĢāļāļģāļēāļŦāļ™āļ”āļ„āđˆāļēāļˆāļģāļēāļ™āļ§āļ™āļˆāļĢāļīāļ‡
float d1 = 34.0 - 0.1;
double d2 = 1.0/2.0;
static final float PI = 3.141159;
private float salary = 0.0F;
static final float TAX_RATE = .0725F;
āļāļēāļĢāļāļģāļēāļŦāļ™āļ”āļ„āđˆāļēāļ•āļĢāļĢāļāļ°
boolean done =true;
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public class TestCalc
{ public static void main(String[] args)
{ final double BOTTLE_VOLUME = 2.5;
final double CAN_VOLUME = 0.35;
int bottles = 4;
int cans = 10;
double total = (bottles * BOTTLE_VOLUME) + (cans * CAN_VOLUME);
System.out.println("Total Volume is " + total); } }
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āļāļēāļĢāļāļģāļēāļŦāļ™āļ”āļ„āđˆāļēāļ•āļąāļ§āļ­āļąāļāļĐāļĢ
āļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļ­āļĒāļđāđˆāđƒāļ™āļŠāļąāļāļĨāļąāļāļĐāļ“āđŒāļŦāļĒāļēāļ”āļāļ™ (Single Quote)
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String
String message = “Welcome”;
String firstName = “Sippakorn”, lastName =
“Saengthong”;
private String name;
private String name = “ ”;
String name1, name2;
name1 = “Tanisorn”; name2 = name1;
āļāļēāļĢāļŦāļēāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļĒāļēāļ§āļ‚āļ­āļ‡ String
int n = fname.length();
āļāļēāļĢāļ”āļķāļ‡āļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļšāļēāļ‡āļŠāđˆāļ§āļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļāđ‡āļšāđƒāļ™āļ•āļąāļ§āđāļ›āļĢāđāļšāļš String
String fname = “Samphan”;
String sub = fname.substring (0,4);
String sub = fname.substring (1);
āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļŠāļ·āđˆāļ­āļĄāļ•āđˆāļ­āļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄ
String s1 = “Chantana”
String s2 = “Promsiri”
String name1 = s1 + s2;
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class test
{ public static void main(String[] args)
{ String fname = "Chutimond";
int n = fname.length();
System.out.println("Length of name = " + n);
String a = fname.substring(0,1);
System.out.println("First character of name = " + a);
String lname = "Bunmark";
String b = lname.substring(2-1,4);
System.out.println("3 char. of lname from position 2 = " + b);
int m = lname.length();
String c = lname.substring(m-1,m);
System.out.println("Last character of surname = " + c); } }
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āļ•āļąāļ§āļ”āļģāļģāđ€āļ™āļīāļ™āļāļģāļĢ (Operator)
Arithmetic Operators
Integer Arithmetic Operators : +, -, *, / āđāļĨāļ° %
Floating-point Arithmetic Operators : +, -, *, / āđāļĨāļ° %
Arithmetic Assignment Operators : +=, -=, *=, /= āđāļĨāļ° %=
Increment and Decrement Arithmetic Operators : ++x,
x++, - -x āđāļĨāļ° x- -
āļŦāļĄāļģāļĒāđ€āļŦāļ•āļļ 1. ( )
2. ++, --
3.  *, /, %
4. +, -
5. +=, -=, *=, /=, %=
Assignment Operators
āļ•āļąāļ§āļ­āļĒāđˆāļģāļ‡āđ€āļŠāđˆāļ™ x = (y = y + 1) + 1;
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// Integer Arithmetic Operators
public class IntArithOper
{ public static void main(String[ ] args)
{ System.out.println("Integer Arithmetic Operators ");
System.out.println("1 + 2 = " + (1 + 2));
System.out.println("1 - 2 = " + (1 - 2));
System.out.println("1 * 2 = " + 1 * 2);
System.out.println("1 / 2 = " + 1 / 2);
System.out.println("1 % 2 = " + 1 % 2); } }
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// Floating Arithmetic Operators
public class FloatArithOper
{ public static void main(String[ ] args)
{ System.out.println("Floating Arithmetic Operators ");
System.out.println("1.0 + 2.0 = " +(1.0 + 2.0));
System.out.println("1.0 - 2.0 = " +(1.0 - 2.0));
System.out.println("1.0 * 2.0 = " +1.0 * 2.0);
System.out.println("1.0 / 2.0 = " +1.0 / 2.0);
System.out.println("1.0 % 2.0 = " +1.0 % 2.0); } }
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// Arithmetic Assignment Operators : Integer
public class IntArithAssOper
{ public static void main(String[ ] args)
{ int x = 1;
System.out.println("Arithmetic Assignment Operators : Integer");
x += 2; System.out.println("x += 2 is " + x);
x -= 2; System.out.println("x -= 2 is " + x);
x *= 2; System.out.println("x *= 2 is " + x);
x /= 2; System.out.println("x /= 2 is " + x);
x %= 2; System.out.println("x %= 2 is " + x); } }
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// Arithmetic Assignment Operators : Float
public class FloatArithAssOper
{ public static void main(String[ ] args)
{ float y =1f;
System.out.println("Arithmetic Assignment Operators : Float");
y += 2; System.out.println("y += 2 is " + y);
y -= 2; System.out.println("y -= 2 is " + y);
y *= 2; System.out.println("y *= 2 is " + y);
y /= 2; System.out.println("y /= 2 is " + y);
y %= 2; System.out.println("y %= 2 is " + y); } }
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//Increment and Decrement Operators
public class TestIncDecOper
{ public static void main(String[ ] args)
{ int a, b, x = 1, y = 1;
a = x++; b = ++y;
System.out.println("x = 1 , y = 1");
System.out.println("a = x++ , b = ++y");
System.out.println("x+ = " + x+" , +y = " +y);
System.out.println("a+ = " + a+", +b = " +b); } }
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//Assignment Operators
public class TestAssOper
{ public static void main(String[ ] args)
{ int x, y;
x = y = 1;
System.out.println("x = y = 1");
System.out.println("x = "+ x + ", y = " + y);
x = (y = y + 1) + 1;
System.out.println("x = (y = y + 1) + 1");
System.out.println("x = "+ x + ", y = " + y); } }
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Bitwise Operators
Boolean Bitwise Operators
~ (Bitwise Unary Not) & (Bitwise And)
| (Bitwise Or) ^ (Bitwise Exclusive Or)
>> (Shift Right) << (Shift Left)
>>> (Shift Right Zero Fill)
Assignment Bitwise Operators
&= (Bitwise And Assignment)
|= (Bitwise Or Assignment)
^= (Bitwise Exclusive Or Assignment)
>>= (Shift Right Assignment)
<<= (Shift Left Assignment)
>>>= (Shift Right Zero Fill Assignment)
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//Bitwise Operators
public class TestBitwiseOper
{ public static void main(String[ ] args)
{ int A = 6, B = 7;
System.out.println("A = " + Integer.toBinaryString(A));
System.out.println("B = " + Integer.toBinaryString(B));
System.out.println("~A = " + Integer.toBinaryString(~A));
System.out.println("A & B = " + Integer.toBinaryString(A&B));
System.out.println("A | B = " + Integer.toBinaryString(A|B));
System.out.println("A ^ B = " + Integer.toBinaryString(A^B));
System.out.println("A << 1 = " + Integer.toBinaryString(A<<1));
System.out.println("A >> 1 = " + Integer.toBinaryString(A>>1));
System.out.println("A >>> 1 = " + Integer.toBinaryString(A>>>1));} }
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Relational Operators
== Equal To != Not Equal To
> Greater Than < Less Than
>= Greater Than or Equal To
<= Less Than or Equal To
Logical Operators
Boolean Logical Operators
& Logical And | Logical Or
^ Logical Exclusive Or ! Logical Unary Not
Short-Circuit Logical Operators
     && Short-Circuit And || Short-Circuit Or
Assignment Logical Operators
     &= And Assignment |= Or Assignment
^= Exclusive Or Assignment
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//Relational Operator
public class TestRelationalOper
{ public static void main(String args[])
{ boolean a = true, b = false;
System.out.println(" a = " + a);
System.out.println(" b = " + b);
System.out.println(" a & b = " + (a & b));
System.out.println(" a | b = " + (a | b));
System.out.println(" a ^ b = " + (a ^ b));
System.out.println(" !a = " + (!a)); } }
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// Logical Operator āđƒāļŠāđ‰āļŠāļģāļģāļŦāļĢāļąāļš Operands āļ—āļĩāđˆāļĄāļĩāļŠāļ™āļīāļ”āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™ boolean āđ€āļ—āđˆāļģāļ™āļąāđ‰āļ™
public class TestBooleanLogicalOper
{ public static void main(String args[])
{ boolean a = true, b = false;
System.out.println("a = true : a = " + a);
System.out.println("b = false : b = " + b);
System.out.println();
// āļāļĨāļļāđˆāļĄāļ—āļĩāđˆ 1 Boolean Logical Operators
System.out.println("1. Boolean Logical Operators");
// Logical And
System.out.println("Logical And => a & b = " + (a & b));
// Logical Or
System.out.println("Logical Or => a | b = " + (a | b));
// Logical Exclusive Or
System.out.println("Logical Exclusive Or => a ^ b = " + (a ^ b));
// Logical Unary Not
System.out.println("Logical Unary Not => !a = " + (!a));
System.out.println();
} }
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public class TestShortandAssLogicalOper
{ public static void main(String args[])
{ boolean a = true, b = false;
System.out.println("a = true : a = " + a);
System.out.println("b = false : b = " + b);
System.out.println();
// āļāļĨāļļāđˆāļĄāļ—āļĩāđˆ 2 Short-Circuit Logical Operators
System.out.println("2. Short-Circuit Logical Operators");
// Short-Circuit And
System.out.println("Short-Circuit And => a && b = " + (a && b));
// Short-Circuit Or
System.out.println("Short-Circuit Or => a || b = " + (a || b));
System.out.println();
// āļāļĨāļļāđˆāļĄāļ—āļĩāđˆ 3 Assignment Logical Operators
System.out.println("3. Assignment Logical Operators");
// And Assignment
System.out.println("And Assignment => a &= b = " + (a &= b));
// Or Assignment
System.out.println("Or Assignment => a |= b = " + (a |= b));
// Exclusive Or Assignment
System.out.println("Exclusive Or Assignment => a ^= b = " + (a ^= b)); } }
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Conditional Operators
(<condition>) ? <expression 1> : <expression 2>
//Conditional Operator
public class TestCondOper
{ public static void main(String args[])
{ int x = Integer.parseInt(args[0]);
int y = Integer.parseInt(args[1]);
//input x = 5, y = 3
System.out.println((x > y)? x : y); } }
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āļĨāļģāļģāļ”āļąāļšāđƒāļ™āļāļģāļĢāļ›āļĢāļ°āļĄāļ§āļĨāļœāļĨāļ‚āļ­āļ‡ Operator
āļĨāļģāļģāļ”āļąāļš Operator āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ āļ— Assoc.
1 ()
2 ++ (Increment), -- (Decrement)
!
~ (Complement)
(type_cast)
āļāļģāļĢāļ„āļģāļģāļ™āļ§āļ“
boolean
integer
āļ—āļļāļāļĢāļđāļ›āđāļšāļš
R
R
R
R
3 *, /, % āļāļģāļĢāļ„āļģāļģāļ™āļ§āļ“ L
4 +, - āļāļģāļĢāļ„āļģāļģāļ™āļ§āļ“ L
5 << (Left shift), >> (Right shift),
>>> (Zero fill)
āļˆāļģāļģāļ™āļ§āļ™āđ€āļ•āđ‡āļĄ L
6 <, <=, >, >=, Instanceof() āļāļģāļĢāđ€āļ›āļĢāļĩāļĒāļšāđ€āļ—āļĩāļĒāļš
object
L
7 ==, != āļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļĄāļđāļĨāļžāļ·āđ‰āļ™āļāļģāļ™
āđāļĨāļ° object
L
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āļĨāļģāļģāļ”āļąāļš Operator āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ āļ— Assoc
.
8 & (Bitwise AND) āļˆāļģāļģāļ™āļ§āļ™āđ€āļ•āđ‡āļĄ L
9 ^ (Bitwise XOR) āļˆāļģāļģāļ™āļ§āļ™āđ€āļ•āđ‡āļĄ L
10 | (Bitwise OR) āļˆāļģāļģāļ™āļ§āļ™āđ€āļ•āđ‡āļĄ L
11 && (AND) boolean L
12 || (OR) boolean L
13 ?: boolean R
14 =, *=, /=, %=, +=, -=, <<=, >>=, >>>=,
&=,
^=, !=
āļ­āļ·āđˆāļ™ āđ† R
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āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ›āļĢāļ°āļĄāļ§āļĨāļœāļĨāļŦāļģāļ„āđˆāļģāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ™āļīāļžāļˆāļ™āđŒ
a * b – c != a / b – c && --a > b++ || b % --c > 0
1. Increment āđāļĨāļ° Decrement Operator
2. āļ•āļąāļ§āļāļĢāļ°āļ—āļģāļģāļ—āļģāļ‡āļ„āļ“āļīāļ•āļĻāļģāļŠāļ•āļĢāđŒ *, /, %
3. āļ•āļąāļ§āļāļĢāļ°āļ—āļģāļģāļ—āļģāļ‡āļ„āļ“āļīāļ•āļĻāļģāļŠāļ•āļĢāđŒ -
4. Relational Operator
5. āđ„āļĄāđˆāđ€āļ—āđˆāļģāļāļąāļ™
6. &&
7. ||
1 1 1
2 2 2
3 3
4 4
5
6
7
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āļāļģāļĢāđāļ›āļĨāļ‡āļŠāļ™āļīāļ”āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ•āļąāļ§āđāļ›āļĢ (Type Conversion)
1.āļāļģāļĢāđāļ›āļĨāļ‡āļŠāļ™āļīāļ”āļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļĄāļđāļĨāđ‚āļ”āļĒāļ­āļąāļ•āđ‚āļ™āļĄāļąāļ•āļī (Implicit)
āļāļĢāļ“āļĩāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ™āļīāļžāļˆāļ™āđŒāļ›āļĢāļ°āļāļ­āļšāļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒāļ•āļąāļ§āđāļ›āļĢāļŦāļĨāļģāļĒāļŠāļ™āļīāļ” Java āļˆāļ°āļ•āļĢāļ§āļˆāļŠāļ­āļš
āļŠāļ™āļīāļ” āļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļĄāļđāļĨāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ•āļąāļ§āđāļ›āļĢāđƒāļ™āļ™āļīāļžāļˆāļ™āđŒ āđāļĨāđ‰āļ§āđ€āļ›āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ™āļŠāļ™āļīāļ”āļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļĄāļđāļĨāđƒāļŦāđ‰āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™
āđāļšāļšāļ—āļĩāđˆāđƒāļŠāđ‰āđ€āļ™āļ·āđ‰āļ­āļ—āļĩāđˆāđƒāļ™āļŦāļ™āđˆāļ§āļĒāļ„āļ§āļģāļĄāļˆāļģāļģāļĄāļģāļāļ—āļĩāđˆāļŠāļļāļ” āđ‚āļ”āļĒāļˆāļ°āđāļ›āļĨāļ‡āļŠāļ™āļīāļ”
āļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļĄāļđāļĨāđ‚āļ”āļĒāļ­āļąāļ•āđ‚āļ™āļĄāļąāļ•āļī āđ€āļĄāļ·āđˆāļ­āļŠāļ™āļīāļ”āļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļĄāļđāļĨāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ•āļąāļ§āđāļ›āļĢāļŠāļģāļĄāļģāļĢāļ–āđƒāļŠāđ‰āļĢāđˆāļ§āļĄ
āļāļąāļ™āđ„āļ”āđ‰ āđāļĨāļ°āļ•āļąāļ§āđāļ›āļĢāļ›āļĨāļģāļĒāļ—āļģāļ‡āļĄāļĩāļ‚āļ™āļģāļ”āđƒāļŦāļāđˆāļāļ§āđˆāļģāļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āđ€āļ—āđˆāļģāļāļąāļšāļ•āļąāļ§āđāļ›āļĢ
āļ•āđ‰āļ™āļ—āļģāļ‡
2.āļāļģāļĢāđāļ›āļĨāļ‡āļŠāļ™āļīāļ”āļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļĄāļđāļĨāđāļšāļš Explicit āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­ Type Casting
āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļāļģāļĢāļ›āļĢāļ°āļāļģāļĻāđ€āļ›āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ™āđāļ›āļĨāļ‡āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ āļ—āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļĄāļđāļĨāđ‚āļ”āļĒāļœāļđāđ‰āđƒāļŠāđ‰āđ€āļ­āļ‡
(target_type) expression;
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3. āļāļģāļĢāđāļ›āļĨāļ‡āļŠāļ™āļīāļ”āļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļĄāļđāļĨāđ‚āļ”āļĒāđƒāļŠāđ‰ Type Wrapper
āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļāļģāļĢāļŠāļĢāđ‰āļģāļ‡ Object āļ‚āļķāđ‰āļ™āļĄāļģāļāđˆāļ­āļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļˆāļ°āđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļ Method āļĄāļģāđƒāļŠāđ‰āļ‡āļģāļ™
public double doubleValue()
public float floatValue()
public int intValue()
public long longValue()
public String toString()
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// Type Conversion : Implicit
public class TestImplicit
{ public static void main(String args[ ])
{ int a = 15/5;
System.out.println("int a = 15/5 => " + a);
// method āļŠāļ·āđˆāļ­ toBinaryString āļˆāļģāļ Class āļŠāļ·āđˆāļ­ Integer āđ€āļ›āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ™āļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļĄāļđāļĨ Integer
āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ­āļĒāļđāđˆāđƒāļ™āļĢāļđāļ› Binary
System.out.println("a = " + Integer.toBinaryString(a));
System.out.println();
// int b = (15/5)*(float)2;
float b = a * (float) 2;
// byte c = c*2;
byte c = 5;
System.out.println("float b = a * (float) 2 => " + b);
System.out.println("byte c = 5");
System.out.println("b/c => " + b/c);
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/* method āļŠāļ·āđˆāļ­ floatToIntBits āļˆāļģāļ Class āļŠāļ·āđˆāļ­ Float āđ€āļ›āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ™āļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļĄāļđāļĨ Float
āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ­āļĒāļđāđˆāđƒāļ™āļĢāļđāļ› Bit āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļˆāļģāļģāļ™āļ§āļ™āđ€āļ•āđ‡āļĄāđāļšāļš Integer */
System.out.println("Integer.toBinaryString(Float.floatToIntBits(b/c))");
System.out.println(Integer.toBinaryString(Float.floatToIntBits(b/c)));
System.out.println();
double d = 10.0d;
System.out.println("double d = 10.0d");
System.out.println("(b+c)/d => " + (b+c)/d);
/* method āļŠāļ·āđˆāļ­ doubleToLongBits āļˆāļģāļ Class āļŠāļ·āđˆāļ­ Double āđ€āļ›āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ™āļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļĄāļđāļĨ Double
āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ­āļĒāļđāđˆāđƒāļ™āļĢāļđāļ› Bit āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļˆāļģāļģāļ™āļ§āļ™āđ€āļ•āđ‡āļĄāđāļšāļš Long
method āļŠāļ·āđˆāļ­ toBinaryString āļˆāļģāļ Class āļŠāļ·āđˆāļ­ Long āđ€āļ›āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ™āļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļĄāļđāļĨ Long āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ­āļĒāļđāđˆāđƒāļ™āļĢāļđāļ› Binary
*/
System.out.println("Long.toBinaryString(Double.doubleToLongBits((b+c)/d))");
System.out.println(Long.toBinaryString(Double.doubleToLongBits((b+c)/d))); }}
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// Type Conversion : Explicit āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­ Type Casting
public class TestExplicit
{ public static void main(String[ ] args)
{ char A = '0';
int B = 2;
System.out.println("char A = '0' => "+(int)A);
System.out.println("int B = 2");
System.out.println("(int) (A/B) => " + (int) (A/B)); } }
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/* Type Conversion : Type Wrapper
āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļāļģāļĢāļŠāļĢāđ‰āļģāļ‡ Object āļ‚āļķāđ‰āļ™āļĄāļģāļāđˆāļ­āļ™āļˆāļ°āđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļ Method āļĄāļģāđƒāļŠāđ‰āļ‡āļģāļ™*/
public class TestTypeWrapper
{ public static void main(String[ ] args)
{ String var1 = "25.75";
Double d1 = Double.valueOf(var1);
System.out.println("String var1 = 25.75");
System.out.println("Double d1 = Double.valueOf(var1)");
System.out.println("d1 => " + d1);
double d2 = d1.doubleValue();
System.out.println("double d2 = d1.doubleValue();");
System.out.println("d2 => " + d2);
System.out.println();
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String var2 = "500";
Integer int1 = Integer.valueOf(var2);
System.out.println("String var2 = 500");
System.out.println("Integer int1 = Integer.valueOf(var2)");
System.out.println("int 1 => " + int1);
int int2 = int1.intValue();
System.out.println("int int2 = int1.intValue()");
System.out.println("int 2 => " + int2); } }
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public class TestChar
{ public static void main(String args[])
{ System.out.println(" ASCII Character ");
System.out.println(" for (int i = 32; i < 138 - 10; i+=10) ");
System.out.println(" for (int j = i; j < i+10; j++) ");
for (int i = 32; i < 138 - 10; i+=10)
{ for (int j = i; j < i+10; j++)
System.out.print(j + " " + (char)j + " ");
System.out.println(); } } }
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public class TestChar1
{ public static void main(String args[])
{ char ch1, ch2;
ch1 = 88;
ch2 = 'Y';
System.out.println("ch1 is " + ch1);
System.out.println("ch2 is " + ch2); } }
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Method toLowerCase āđƒāļŠāđ‰āđƒāļ™āļāļģāļĢāđāļ›āļĨāļ‡āđāļšāļšāļ­āļąāļāļĐāļĢāļˆāļģāļāļ•āļąāļ§āļžāļīāļĄāļžāđŒ
āđƒāļŦāļāđˆāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ•āļąāļ§āļžāļīāļĄāļžāđŒāđ€āļĨāđ‡āļ
āļĢāļđāļ›āđāļšāļš āļŠāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ•āļąāļ§āđāļ›āļĢ.toLowerCase()
āļ•āļąāļ§āļ­āļĒāđˆāļģāļ‡ String test = initials.toLowerCase()
Method toUpperCase āđƒāļŠāđ‰āđƒāļ™āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļāļģāļĢāđāļ›āļĨāļ‡āđāļšāļšāļ­āļąāļāļĐāļĢāļˆāļģāļāļ•āļąāļ§
āļžāļīāļĄāļžāđŒāđ€āļĨāđ‡āļāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ•āļąāļ§āļžāļīāļĄāļžāđŒāđƒāļŦāļāđˆ
āļĢāļđāļ›āđāļšāļš āļŠāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ•āļąāļ§āđāļ›āļĢ.toUpperCase()
āļ•āļąāļ§āļ­āļĒāđˆāļģāļ‡ String test = initials.toUpperCase()
āļāļģāļĢāđāļ›āļĨāļ‡āđāļšāļšāļ­āļąāļāļĐāļĢ
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/* Method toLowerCase āđāļ›āļĨāļ‡āļˆāļģāļāļ­āļąāļāļĐāļĢāļ•āļąāļ§āļžāļīāļĄāļžāđŒāđƒāļŦāļāđˆāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ•āļąāļ§āļžāļīāļĄāļžāđŒāđ€āļĨāđ‡āļ
Method toUpperCase āđāļ›āļĨāļ‡āļˆāļģāļāļ­āļąāļāļĐāļĢāļ•āļąāļ§āļžāļīāļĄāļžāđŒāđƒāļŦāļāđˆāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ•āļąāļ§āļžāļīāļĄāļžāđŒāđ€āļĨāđ‡āļ*/
public class TesttoLowerCase
{ public static void main(String[ ] args)
{ String firstName = "Aāļ›āļ›āļāļĢ";
String lastName = "MāļŠāļ‡āļ—āļ­āļ‡";
String initials = firstName.substring(0,1) + lastName.substring(0,1);
int age = 27;
String password = initials.toLowerCase( ) + age;
System.out.println(password); } }
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āļāļģāļĢāļāļģāļģāļŦāļ™āļ”āļĢāļđāļ›āđāļšāļšāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ•āļąāļ§āđ€āļĨāļ‚
Method getNumberInstance āđƒāļŠāđ‰āļāļģāļģāļŦāļ™āļ”āļˆāļģāļģāļ™āļ§āļ™āļ•āļąāļ§āđ€āļĨāļ‚āļŦāļĨāļąāļ‡āļ—āļĻāļ™āļīāļĒāļĄ
āđ‚āļ”āļĒāļāļģāļģāļŦāļ™āļ”āļˆāļģāļģāļ™āļ§āļ™āļŠāļđāļ‡āļŠāļļāļ”āđāļĨāļ°āļ•āļģāđˆāļģāļŠāļļāļ” āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡ import package āļ‚āļ­āļ‡ Java
āļŠāļ·āđˆāļ­ â€˜java.text’ āđ€āļ‚āđ‰āļģāļĄāļģāđƒāļŠāđ‰āļ‡āļģāļ™āļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒ
āļ•āļąāļ§āļ­āļĒāđˆāļģāļ‡
NumberFormat format1 =NumberFormat.getNumberInstance();
format1.setMaximumFractionDigits(7);
format1.setMinimumFractionDigits(5);
Method getCurrencyInstance āļŦāļģāļāļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļāļģāļĢāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļĄāļĩāđ€āļ„āļĢāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āļŦāļĄāļģāļĒ $ āļ›āļĢāļģāļāļ
āļĢāđˆāļ§āļĄāļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒāđ‚āļ”āļĒāđ„āļĄāđˆāļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļžāļīāļĄāļžāđŒāđ€āļ­āļ‡
āļ•āļąāļ§āļ­āļĒāđˆāļģāļ‡
NumberFormat format2 = NumberFormat.getCurrencyInstance();
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import java.text.*;
public class TestgetNumberInstance
{ public static void main (String [ ] args)
// NumberFormat.getNumberInstance()
{ int quarters = 2;
int dollars = 3;
double total = dollars + quarters * 0.125;
final double TAX_RATE = 8.5;
double tax = total + TAX_RATE / 100;
NumberFormat format1 = NumberFormat.getNumberInstance();
format1.setMaximumFractionDigits(7);
format1.setMinimumFractionDigits(5);
System.out.println("Total : $" + format1.format(total));
System.out.println("Tax : $" + format1.format(tax));
// NumberFormat.getCurrencyInstance()
NumberFormat format2 = NumberFormat.getCurrencyInstance();
System.out.println("Total : $" + format2.format(total));
System.out.println("Tax : $" + format2.format(tax)); } }
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import java.text.*;
DecimalFormat āļŠāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ­āļ­āļšāđ€āļˆāđ‡āļāļ•āđŒ = new
DecimalFormat(pattern);
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48
1. āļˆāļ‡āđāļŠāļ”āļ‡āļœāļĨāļĨāļąāļžāļ˜āđŒāļˆāļēāļāļāļēāļĢāļ—āļģāļēāļ‡āļēāļ™āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āđ‚āļ›āļĢāđāļāļĢāļĄāļ•āđˆāļ­āđ„āļ›āļ™āļĩāđ‰ (item1.java)
public class three
{ public static void main(String args[])
{ int a = 1, b = 2, c = 3, d = 4, e = 5, f = 6;
int ans1 = c * c + c % b;
int ans2 = b + e / c - c * d;
int ans3 = b * (a - (d / e) / b) * (b - e % c);
int ans4 = a + b - c / d / e * f;
System.out.println("ans1 is " + ans1 + " āđāļĨāļ° " + "ans2 is " + ans2);
System.out.println("ans3 is " + ans3 + " āđāļĨāļ° " + "ans4 is " + ans4);
}
}
āđāļšāļšāļāļķāļāļŦāļąāļ” āļ„āļĢāļąāđ‰āļ‡āļ—āļĩāđˆ 1
49
2. āļˆāļ‡āđāļŠāļ”āļ‡āļœāļĨāļĨāļąāļžāļ˜āđŒāļˆāļēāļāļāļēāļĢāļ—āļģāļēāļ‡āļēāļ™āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āđ‚āļ›āļĢāđāļāļĢāļĄāļ•āđˆāļ­āđ„āļ›āļ™āļĩāđ‰
(item2.java)
public class four
{ public static void main(String args[])
{ boolean a = true, b = true, c = true;
boolean ans1 = !a && b;
boolean ans2 = a && b || c;
boolean ans3 = a || (b && c);
boolean ans4 = a && b || c;
System.out.print("ans1 is " + ans1 + " āđāļĨāļ° ");
System.out.println("ans2 is " + ans2);
System.out.print("ans3 is " + ans3 + " āđāļĨāļ° ");
System.out.println("ans4 is " + ans4); } }
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3. āļˆāļ‡āđ€āļ‚āļĩāļĒāļ™āđ‚āļ›āļĢāđāļāļĢāļĄāđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ„āļģāļēāļ™āļ§āļ“āļœāļĨāļĨāļąāļžāļ˜āđŒāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ™āļīāļžāļˆāļ™āđŒāļ•āđˆāļ­āđ„āļ›āļ™āļĩāđ‰
5 + 1 / 7
3 * 3 + 3 % 2
2 + 5 / 3 + -3 * 4
2 * (1 + -(4 / 5) / 2) * (2 - 5 % 3)
4. āļˆāļ‡āđ€āļ‚āļĩāļĒāļ™āđ‚āļ›āļĢāđāļāļĢāļĄāđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ•āļĢāļ§āļˆāļŠāļ­āļšāļœāļĨāļāļēāļĢāļ„āļģāļēāļ™āļ§āļ“āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ™āļīāļžāļˆāļ™āđŒāļ•āđˆāļ­āđ„āļ›
āļ™āļĩāđ‰
a+b*c!=b/c%2&&a*b/--c||b++/a>0
a*b/c==b>0||a%b+--a/c++
51
āļāļēāļĢāļĢāļąāļšāļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļĄāļđāļĨāļ—āļēāļ‡āđāļ›āđ‰āļ™āļžāļīāļĄāļžāđŒ
āļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āđƒāļŠāđ‰āļ„āļģāļēāļŠāļąāđˆāļ‡ IOException āđāļĨāļ° Package āļŠāļ·āđˆāļ­ java.io āļĢāđˆāļ§āļĄāļāļąāļ™āđ€āļŠāļĄāļ­
āļāļēāļĢāđƒāļŠāđ‰ System.in.read
āđƒāļŠāđ‰āļĢāļąāļšāļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļĄāļđāļĨāđ€āļžāļĩāļĒāļ‡ 1 āļ•āļąāļ§āļ­āļąāļāļĐāļĢ āđ‚āļ”āļĒāļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļĄāļđāļĨāļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™ ASCII āļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āđāļ›āļĨāļ‡
āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ•āļąāļ§āļ­āļąāļāļĐāļĢāļāđˆāļ­āļ™āļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒāļ§āļīāļ˜āļĩ Type Casting āļ„āļ·āļ­ āļ™āļģāļēāļŠāļ™āļīāļ”āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļĄāļđāļĨ
āļœāļĨāļĨāļąāļžāļ˜āđŒāđ„āļ›āđ„āļ§āđ‰āļŦāļ™āđ‰āļēāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļĄāļđāļĨāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļāļēāļĢāđāļ›āļĨāļ‡ āđāļĨāļ°
āļ•āļąāļ§āļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡ c = (char)System.in.read();
52
import java.io.*;
class TestSysteminRead
{ public static void main(String args [ ]) throws IOException
{ char c;
System.out.print("Please key a character => ");
c = (char)System.in.read();
System.out.println("Your input is " + c); } }
53
import java.io.*;
class TestSysteminRead1
{ public static void main(String args [ ]) throws IOException
{ char buf = '0';
System.out.println("Initial buf is " + buf);
StringBuffer bufOut = new StringBuffer();
System.out.print("Please key one character => ");
while ((buf = (char)System.in.read()) != 'n')
{ bufOut.append(buf); }
System.out.println("Your input data is " + bufOut); } }
54
āļāļēāļĢāđƒāļŠāđ‰ BufferedReader āļĢāđˆāļ§āļĄāļāļąāļš InputStreamReader
āļĢāļđāļ›āđāļšāļš
InputStreamReader reader = new InputStreamReader (System.in);
BufferedReader Stdin =new BufferedReader (reader);
āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­
BufferedReader Stdin = new BufferedReader
(new InputStreamReader (System.in));
āđāļĨāļ°āđƒāļŠāđ‰ Method āļŠāļ·āđˆāļ­ readLine āđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļĢāļąāļšāļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļĄāļđāļĨāļ—āļēāļ‡āļˆāļ­āļ āļēāļžāļ”āļąāļ‡āļ™āļĩāđ‰
Input = Stdin.readLine();
āđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ•āļĢāļ§āļˆāļŠāļ­āļšāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļœāļīāļ”āļžāļĨāļēāļ”āļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āļ—āļģāļēāđ„āļ”āđ‰āđ‚āļ”āļĒāđƒāļŠāđ‰āļ„āļģāļēāļŠāļąāđˆāļ‡ try āđāļĨāļ° catch
55
import java.io.*;
class TestBufferedReader
{ public static void main(String[ ] args) throws IOException
{ BufferedReader Stdin = new BufferedReader
(new InputStreamReader (System.in));
String Input = " ";
System.out.print("Please key any data => ");
Input = Stdin.readLine( );
System.out.println("Your input data is => " + Input); } }
56
import java.io.*;
class TestTryCatch
{ public static void main(String[ ] args)
{ try
{ BufferedReader Stdin =new BufferedReader
(new InputStreamReader (System.in));
String Input = " ";
System.out.print("Please key any data => ");
Input = Stdin.readLine( );
System.out.println("Your input data is => " + Input); }
catch (IOException e)
{ System.out.print(e);
System.exit(1); } } }
57
// import java.io.BufferedReader;
// import java.io.InputStreamReader;
// import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.*;
class TestCalc
{ public static void main(String args [ ]) throws IOException
{ final double A_Level = 4.0;
final double B_Level = 3.0;
BufferedReader stdin = new BufferedReader
(new InputStreamReader (System.in));
String input = " ";
System.out.print("Amount of Subject grade A => ");
input = stdin.readLine( );
int a = Integer.parseInt(input);
System.out.print("Amount of Subject grade B => ");
input = stdin.readLine( );
int b = Integer.parseInt(input);
double GPA = ((a * A_Level) + (b * B_Level))/ (a + b);
System.out.println("GPA is " + GPA); } }
58
āļāļēāļĢāļĢāļąāļšāļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļĄāļđāļĨāļˆāļēāļāđāļ›āđ‰āļ™āļžāļīāļĄāļžāđŒāđ‚āļ”āļĒāđƒāļŠāđ‰ DataInputStream
āļ„āļĨāļēāļŠ DataInputStream āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļŠāļąāļšāļ„āļĨāļēāļŠāļ‚āļ­āļ‡ FilterInputStream
āđāļĨāļ° InputStream āļ•āļąāļ§āđāļ›āļĢāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļœāđˆāļēāļ™āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ„āļĨāļēāļŠ
DataInputStream āļ„āļ·āļ­ System.in (InputStream)
āļĢāļđāļ›āđāļšāļš
DataInput input = new DataInputStream(System.in);
āļ„āļĨāļēāļŠ DataInputStream āļĄāļĩ Method āđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ­āđˆāļēāļ™āļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļĄāļđāļĨ āļ”āļąāļ‡āļ™āļĩāđ‰
1. readLine() āļ­āđˆāļēāļ™āļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļĄāļđāļĨāļ•āļąāļ§āļ­āļąāļāļĐāļĢāļ—āļĩāđˆāļˆāļšāļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒāļāļēāļĢāļ‚āļķāđ‰āļ™āļšāļĢāļĢāļ—āļąāļ”āđƒāļŦāļĄāđˆ
2. readInt() āđāļĨāļ° readLong() āļ­āđˆāļēāļ™āļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļĄāļđāļĨāļˆāļģāļēāļ™āļ§āļ™āđ€āļ•āđ‡āļĄ
3. readFloat() āđāļĨāļ° readDouble() āļ­āđˆāļēāļ™āļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļĄāļđāļĨāļˆāļģāļēāļ™āļ§āļ™āļˆāļĢāļīāļ‡
4. readUnsignedByte() āļ­āđˆāļēāļ™āļˆāļģāļēāļ™āļ§āļ™āđ€āļ•āđ‡āļĄāļ—āļĩāđˆāđ„āļĄāđˆāļĢāļ§āļĄāđ€āļ„āļĢāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āļŦāļĄāļēāļĒ
59
import java.io.*;
public class TestDataInput
{ public static void main(String args [ ]) throws IOException
{ DataInput input = new DataInputStream(System.in);
String text = " ";
int noOfguest = 0;
double rate = 0;
System.out.print("Amount of guest => : ");
try
{ noOfguest = Integer.parseInt(input.readLine());
// System.out.println("Amount of guest is " + noOfguest);
System.out.print("Rate of rent per person per night is ");
Double x = new Double(input.readLine());
rate = x.doubleValue(); }
catch (Exception e)
{ System.out.print(e);
System.exit(1); }
System.out.println("Total rent is " + (rate * noOfguest)); } }

Computer Programming 2.2

  • 1.
  • 2.
  • 3.
  • 4.
    4 āļ•āļąāļ§āđāļ›āļĢ (Variable) āļāļēāļĢāļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļŠāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ•āļąāļ§āđāļ›āļĢ (Identifiers) āļ„āļ§āļĢāļĄāļĩāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŦāļĄāļēāļĒāđ„āļĄāđˆāļĄāļĩāļŠāđˆāļ­āļ‡āļ§āđˆāļēāļ‡āđāļĨāļ°āđ€āļ„āļĢāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āļŦāļĄāļēāļĒ āđ€āļŠāđˆāļ™ ? ! @ # % ^ & * ( ) [ ] { } . , ; : “ ‘ / āđāļĨāļ° āļ•āļąāļ§āđāļĢāļāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļŠāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ•āļąāļ§āđāļ›āļĢāļ„āļ§āļĢāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ•āļąāļ§āļ­āļąāļāļĐāļĢāļ•āļąāļ§āļžāļīāļĄāļžāđŒāđ€āļĨāđ‡āļ (a-z, _ āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­ $ ) āļŦāđ‰āļēāļĄāđƒāļŠāđ‰āļ„āļģāļēāļĻāļąāļžāļ—āđŒāļŠāļ‡āļ§āļ™ āđ€āļŠāđˆāļ™ name, void, class, float āļŊāļĨāļŊ āļ•āļąāļ§āļžāļīāļĄāļžāđŒāđƒāļŦāļāđˆ/āđ€āļĨāđ‡āļ āļĄāļĩāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŦāļĄāļēāļĒāļ•āđˆāļēāļ‡āļāļąāļ™ āđ„āļĄāđˆāļ„āļ§āļĢāđƒāļŠāđ‰āļ•āļąāļ§āļžāļīāļĄāļžāđŒāđƒāļŦāļāđˆāļ—āļļāļāļ•āļąāļ§ āđ€āļžāļĢāļēāļ°āļ­āļēāļˆāđ€āļŠāļ·āđˆāļ­āļĄāđ‚āļĒāļ‡āļāļąāļšāļ āļēāļĐāļēāļ­āļ·āđˆāļ™āđ„āļĄāđˆāđ„āļ”āđ‰
  • 5.
    5 āļāļēāļĢāļ›āļĢāļ°āļāļēāļĻāļ•āļąāļ§āđāļ›āļĢ [<access_specifier>] [<modifier>] <data_type><variable_name1> [, <variable_name2>] ...; public āđƒāļŠāđ‰āļ™āļīāļĒāļēāļĄāļ•āļąāļ§āđāļ›āļĢāđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ™āļģāļēāđ„āļ›āđƒāļŠāđ‰āļāļąāļš Class āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­ āđ‚āļ›āļĢāđāļāļĢāļĄāļ­āļ·āđˆāļ™āđ„āļ”āđ‰ private āđƒāļŠāđ‰āļ™āļīāļĒāļēāļĄāļ•āļąāļ§āđāļ›āļĢāđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āđƒāļŦāđ‰āđƒāļŠāđ‰āđ„āļ”āđ‰āđ€āļ‰āļžāļēāļ°āđƒāļ™ Class āļ—āļĩāđˆāļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡ āļ•āļąāļ§āđāļ›āļĢāļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­ Method āļ™āļąāđ‰āļ™āļ‚āļķāđ‰āļ™āļĄāļē protected āđƒāļŠāđ‰āļ™āļīāļĒāļēāļĄāļ•āļąāļ§āđāļ›āļĢāđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āđƒāļŦāđ‰āđƒāļŠāđ‰āđ„āļ”āđ‰āđ€āļ‰āļžāļēāļ° Class āļ—āļĩāđˆāļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡ āļ‚āļķāđ‰āļ™āļĄāļēāļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒāļ§āļīāļ˜āļĩāļāļēāļĢāļŠāļ·āļšāļ—āļ­āļ” (Inheritance) āđ‚āļ”āļĒāļ›āļāļ•āļīāđƒāļŠāđ‰āļāļąāļš Base Class static āđƒāļŠāđ‰āļ™āļīāļĒāļēāļĄāļ•āļąāļ§āđāļ›āļĢāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļāļēāļĢāđƒāļŦāđ‰āđƒāļŠāđ‰āļ‡āļēāļ™āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļāļąāļšāļ—āļļāļ Method āđƒāļ™ Class final āđƒāļŠāđ‰āļ™āļīāļĒāļēāļĄāļ•āļąāļ§āđāļ›āļĢāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļāļēāļĢāđƒāļŠāđ‰āđ€āļāđ‡āļšāļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļĄāļđāļĨāļ„āđˆāļēāļ„āļ‡āļ—āļĩāđˆ (Constant) āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āđ„āļĄāđˆāļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āđ€āļ›āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ™āļ„āđˆāļēāđ„āļ”āđ‰
  • 6.
    6 āļāļēāļĢāļāļģāļēāļŦāļ™āļ”āļ„āđˆāļēāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļāļąāļšāļ•āļąāļ§āđāļ›āļĢ [<access_specifier>] [<modifier>] <data_type> <variable_name1>= <value> [, <variable_name2> = <value>]...; āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­ [<access_specifier>] [<modifier>] <data_type> <variable_name>; <variable_name> = <value>; āļāļēāļĢāļāļģāļēāļŦāļ™āļ”āļ„āđˆāļēāļˆāļģāļēāļ™āļ§āļ™āđ€āļ•āđ‡āļĄ int r = 1, b = 1, g = 1; long i2 = 300 * 30; private int employeeid = 0; int salary; salary = 5000; int a = 024, b = 036; int data_c = 0x1D, data_d = 0x36;
  • 7.
    7 āļāļēāļĢāļāļģāļēāļŦāļ™āļ”āļ„āđˆāļēāļˆāļģāļēāļ™āļ§āļ™āļˆāļĢāļīāļ‡ float d1 =34.0 - 0.1; double d2 = 1.0/2.0; static final float PI = 3.141159; private float salary = 0.0F; static final float TAX_RATE = .0725F; āļāļēāļĢāļāļģāļēāļŦāļ™āļ”āļ„āđˆāļēāļ•āļĢāļĢāļāļ° boolean done =true;
  • 8.
    8 public class TestCalc {public static void main(String[] args) { final double BOTTLE_VOLUME = 2.5; final double CAN_VOLUME = 0.35; int bottles = 4; int cans = 10; double total = (bottles * BOTTLE_VOLUME) + (cans * CAN_VOLUME); System.out.println("Total Volume is " + total); } }
  • 9.
  • 10.
  • 11.
    11 String String message =“Welcome”; String firstName = “Sippakorn”, lastName = “Saengthong”; private String name; private String name = “ ”; String name1, name2; name1 = “Tanisorn”; name2 = name1; āļāļēāļĢāļŦāļēāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļĒāļēāļ§āļ‚āļ­āļ‡ String int n = fname.length(); āļāļēāļĢāļ”āļķāļ‡āļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļšāļēāļ‡āļŠāđˆāļ§āļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļāđ‡āļšāđƒāļ™āļ•āļąāļ§āđāļ›āļĢāđāļšāļš String String fname = “Samphan”; String sub = fname.substring (0,4); String sub = fname.substring (1); āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļŠāļ·āđˆāļ­āļĄāļ•āđˆāļ­āļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄ String s1 = “Chantana” String s2 = “Promsiri” String name1 = s1 + s2;
  • 12.
    12 class test { publicstatic void main(String[] args) { String fname = "Chutimond"; int n = fname.length(); System.out.println("Length of name = " + n); String a = fname.substring(0,1); System.out.println("First character of name = " + a); String lname = "Bunmark"; String b = lname.substring(2-1,4); System.out.println("3 char. of lname from position 2 = " + b); int m = lname.length(); String c = lname.substring(m-1,m); System.out.println("Last character of surname = " + c); } }
  • 13.
  • 14.
  • 15.
  • 16.
    16 āļ•āļąāļ§āļ”āļģāļģāđ€āļ™āļīāļ™āļāļģāļĢ (Operator) Arithmetic Operators IntegerArithmetic Operators : +, -, *, / āđāļĨāļ° % Floating-point Arithmetic Operators : +, -, *, / āđāļĨāļ° % Arithmetic Assignment Operators : +=, -=, *=, /= āđāļĨāļ° %= Increment and Decrement Arithmetic Operators : ++x, x++, - -x āđāļĨāļ° x- - āļŦāļĄāļģāļĒāđ€āļŦāļ•āļļ 1. ( ) 2. ++, -- 3.  *, /, % 4. +, - 5. +=, -=, *=, /=, %= Assignment Operators āļ•āļąāļ§āļ­āļĒāđˆāļģāļ‡āđ€āļŠāđˆāļ™ x = (y = y + 1) + 1;
  • 17.
    17 // Integer ArithmeticOperators public class IntArithOper { public static void main(String[ ] args) { System.out.println("Integer Arithmetic Operators "); System.out.println("1 + 2 = " + (1 + 2)); System.out.println("1 - 2 = " + (1 - 2)); System.out.println("1 * 2 = " + 1 * 2); System.out.println("1 / 2 = " + 1 / 2); System.out.println("1 % 2 = " + 1 % 2); } }
  • 18.
    18 // Floating ArithmeticOperators public class FloatArithOper { public static void main(String[ ] args) { System.out.println("Floating Arithmetic Operators "); System.out.println("1.0 + 2.0 = " +(1.0 + 2.0)); System.out.println("1.0 - 2.0 = " +(1.0 - 2.0)); System.out.println("1.0 * 2.0 = " +1.0 * 2.0); System.out.println("1.0 / 2.0 = " +1.0 / 2.0); System.out.println("1.0 % 2.0 = " +1.0 % 2.0); } }
  • 19.
    19 // Arithmetic AssignmentOperators : Integer public class IntArithAssOper { public static void main(String[ ] args) { int x = 1; System.out.println("Arithmetic Assignment Operators : Integer"); x += 2; System.out.println("x += 2 is " + x); x -= 2; System.out.println("x -= 2 is " + x); x *= 2; System.out.println("x *= 2 is " + x); x /= 2; System.out.println("x /= 2 is " + x); x %= 2; System.out.println("x %= 2 is " + x); } }
  • 20.
    20 // Arithmetic AssignmentOperators : Float public class FloatArithAssOper { public static void main(String[ ] args) { float y =1f; System.out.println("Arithmetic Assignment Operators : Float"); y += 2; System.out.println("y += 2 is " + y); y -= 2; System.out.println("y -= 2 is " + y); y *= 2; System.out.println("y *= 2 is " + y); y /= 2; System.out.println("y /= 2 is " + y); y %= 2; System.out.println("y %= 2 is " + y); } }
  • 21.
    21 //Increment and DecrementOperators public class TestIncDecOper { public static void main(String[ ] args) { int a, b, x = 1, y = 1; a = x++; b = ++y; System.out.println("x = 1 , y = 1"); System.out.println("a = x++ , b = ++y"); System.out.println("x+ = " + x+" , +y = " +y); System.out.println("a+ = " + a+", +b = " +b); } }
  • 22.
    22 //Assignment Operators public classTestAssOper { public static void main(String[ ] args) { int x, y; x = y = 1; System.out.println("x = y = 1"); System.out.println("x = "+ x + ", y = " + y); x = (y = y + 1) + 1; System.out.println("x = (y = y + 1) + 1"); System.out.println("x = "+ x + ", y = " + y); } }
  • 23.
    23 Bitwise Operators Boolean BitwiseOperators ~ (Bitwise Unary Not) & (Bitwise And) | (Bitwise Or) ^ (Bitwise Exclusive Or) >> (Shift Right) << (Shift Left) >>> (Shift Right Zero Fill) Assignment Bitwise Operators &= (Bitwise And Assignment) |= (Bitwise Or Assignment) ^= (Bitwise Exclusive Or Assignment) >>= (Shift Right Assignment) <<= (Shift Left Assignment) >>>= (Shift Right Zero Fill Assignment)
  • 24.
    24 //Bitwise Operators public classTestBitwiseOper { public static void main(String[ ] args) { int A = 6, B = 7; System.out.println("A = " + Integer.toBinaryString(A)); System.out.println("B = " + Integer.toBinaryString(B)); System.out.println("~A = " + Integer.toBinaryString(~A)); System.out.println("A & B = " + Integer.toBinaryString(A&B)); System.out.println("A | B = " + Integer.toBinaryString(A|B)); System.out.println("A ^ B = " + Integer.toBinaryString(A^B)); System.out.println("A << 1 = " + Integer.toBinaryString(A<<1)); System.out.println("A >> 1 = " + Integer.toBinaryString(A>>1)); System.out.println("A >>> 1 = " + Integer.toBinaryString(A>>>1));} }
  • 25.
    25 Relational Operators == EqualTo != Not Equal To > Greater Than < Less Than >= Greater Than or Equal To <= Less Than or Equal To Logical Operators Boolean Logical Operators & Logical And | Logical Or ^ Logical Exclusive Or ! Logical Unary Not Short-Circuit Logical Operators      && Short-Circuit And || Short-Circuit Or Assignment Logical Operators      &= And Assignment |= Or Assignment ^= Exclusive Or Assignment
  • 26.
    26 //Relational Operator public classTestRelationalOper { public static void main(String args[]) { boolean a = true, b = false; System.out.println(" a = " + a); System.out.println(" b = " + b); System.out.println(" a & b = " + (a & b)); System.out.println(" a | b = " + (a | b)); System.out.println(" a ^ b = " + (a ^ b)); System.out.println(" !a = " + (!a)); } }
  • 27.
    27 // Logical OperatorāđƒāļŠāđ‰āļŠāļģāļģāļŦāļĢāļąāļš Operands āļ—āļĩāđˆāļĄāļĩāļŠāļ™āļīāļ”āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™ boolean āđ€āļ—āđˆāļģāļ™āļąāđ‰āļ™ public class TestBooleanLogicalOper { public static void main(String args[]) { boolean a = true, b = false; System.out.println("a = true : a = " + a); System.out.println("b = false : b = " + b); System.out.println(); // āļāļĨāļļāđˆāļĄāļ—āļĩāđˆ 1 Boolean Logical Operators System.out.println("1. Boolean Logical Operators"); // Logical And System.out.println("Logical And => a & b = " + (a & b)); // Logical Or System.out.println("Logical Or => a | b = " + (a | b)); // Logical Exclusive Or System.out.println("Logical Exclusive Or => a ^ b = " + (a ^ b)); // Logical Unary Not System.out.println("Logical Unary Not => !a = " + (!a)); System.out.println(); } }
  • 28.
    28 public class TestShortandAssLogicalOper {public static void main(String args[]) { boolean a = true, b = false; System.out.println("a = true : a = " + a); System.out.println("b = false : b = " + b); System.out.println(); // āļāļĨāļļāđˆāļĄāļ—āļĩāđˆ 2 Short-Circuit Logical Operators System.out.println("2. Short-Circuit Logical Operators"); // Short-Circuit And System.out.println("Short-Circuit And => a && b = " + (a && b)); // Short-Circuit Or System.out.println("Short-Circuit Or => a || b = " + (a || b)); System.out.println(); // āļāļĨāļļāđˆāļĄāļ—āļĩāđˆ 3 Assignment Logical Operators System.out.println("3. Assignment Logical Operators"); // And Assignment System.out.println("And Assignment => a &= b = " + (a &= b)); // Or Assignment System.out.println("Or Assignment => a |= b = " + (a |= b)); // Exclusive Or Assignment System.out.println("Exclusive Or Assignment => a ^= b = " + (a ^= b)); } }
  • 29.
    29 Conditional Operators (<condition>) ?<expression 1> : <expression 2> //Conditional Operator public class TestCondOper { public static void main(String args[]) { int x = Integer.parseInt(args[0]); int y = Integer.parseInt(args[1]); //input x = 5, y = 3 System.out.println((x > y)? x : y); } }
  • 30.
    30 āļĨāļģāļģāļ”āļąāļšāđƒāļ™āļāļģāļĢāļ›āļĢāļ°āļĄāļ§āļĨāļœāļĨāļ‚āļ­āļ‡ Operator āļĨāļģāļģāļ”āļąāļš Operatorāļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ āļ— Assoc. 1 () 2 ++ (Increment), -- (Decrement) ! ~ (Complement) (type_cast) āļāļģāļĢāļ„āļģāļģāļ™āļ§āļ“ boolean integer āļ—āļļāļāļĢāļđāļ›āđāļšāļš R R R R 3 *, /, % āļāļģāļĢāļ„āļģāļģāļ™āļ§āļ“ L 4 +, - āļāļģāļĢāļ„āļģāļģāļ™āļ§āļ“ L 5 << (Left shift), >> (Right shift), >>> (Zero fill) āļˆāļģāļģāļ™āļ§āļ™āđ€āļ•āđ‡āļĄ L 6 <, <=, >, >=, Instanceof() āļāļģāļĢāđ€āļ›āļĢāļĩāļĒāļšāđ€āļ—āļĩāļĒāļš object L 7 ==, != āļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļĄāļđāļĨāļžāļ·āđ‰āļ™āļāļģāļ™ āđāļĨāļ° object L
  • 31.
    31 āļĨāļģāļģāļ”āļąāļš Operator āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ āļ—Assoc . 8 & (Bitwise AND) āļˆāļģāļģāļ™āļ§āļ™āđ€āļ•āđ‡āļĄ L 9 ^ (Bitwise XOR) āļˆāļģāļģāļ™āļ§āļ™āđ€āļ•āđ‡āļĄ L 10 | (Bitwise OR) āļˆāļģāļģāļ™āļ§āļ™āđ€āļ•āđ‡āļĄ L 11 && (AND) boolean L 12 || (OR) boolean L 13 ?: boolean R 14 =, *=, /=, %=, +=, -=, <<=, >>=, >>>=, &=, ^=, != āļ­āļ·āđˆāļ™ āđ† R
  • 32.
    32 āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ›āļĢāļ°āļĄāļ§āļĨāļœāļĨāļŦāļģāļ„āđˆāļģāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ™āļīāļžāļˆāļ™āđŒ a * b– c != a / b – c && --a > b++ || b % --c > 0 1. Increment āđāļĨāļ° Decrement Operator 2. āļ•āļąāļ§āļāļĢāļ°āļ—āļģāļģāļ—āļģāļ‡āļ„āļ“āļīāļ•āļĻāļģāļŠāļ•āļĢāđŒ *, /, % 3. āļ•āļąāļ§āļāļĢāļ°āļ—āļģāļģāļ—āļģāļ‡āļ„āļ“āļīāļ•āļĻāļģāļŠāļ•āļĢāđŒ - 4. Relational Operator 5. āđ„āļĄāđˆāđ€āļ—āđˆāļģāļāļąāļ™ 6. && 7. || 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 6 7
  • 33.
    33 āļāļģāļĢāđāļ›āļĨāļ‡āļŠāļ™āļīāļ”āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ•āļąāļ§āđāļ›āļĢ (Type Conversion) 1.āļāļģāļĢāđāļ›āļĨāļ‡āļŠāļ™āļīāļ”āļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļĄāļđāļĨāđ‚āļ”āļĒāļ­āļąāļ•āđ‚āļ™āļĄāļąāļ•āļī(Implicit) āļāļĢāļ“āļĩāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ™āļīāļžāļˆāļ™āđŒāļ›āļĢāļ°āļāļ­āļšāļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒāļ•āļąāļ§āđāļ›āļĢāļŦāļĨāļģāļĒāļŠāļ™āļīāļ” Java āļˆāļ°āļ•āļĢāļ§āļˆāļŠāļ­āļš āļŠāļ™āļīāļ” āļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļĄāļđāļĨāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ•āļąāļ§āđāļ›āļĢāđƒāļ™āļ™āļīāļžāļˆāļ™āđŒ āđāļĨāđ‰āļ§āđ€āļ›āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ™āļŠāļ™āļīāļ”āļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļĄāļđāļĨāđƒāļŦāđ‰āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™ āđāļšāļšāļ—āļĩāđˆāđƒāļŠāđ‰āđ€āļ™āļ·āđ‰āļ­āļ—āļĩāđˆāđƒāļ™āļŦāļ™āđˆāļ§āļĒāļ„āļ§āļģāļĄāļˆāļģāļģāļĄāļģāļāļ—āļĩāđˆāļŠāļļāļ” āđ‚āļ”āļĒāļˆāļ°āđāļ›āļĨāļ‡āļŠāļ™āļīāļ” āļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļĄāļđāļĨāđ‚āļ”āļĒāļ­āļąāļ•āđ‚āļ™āļĄāļąāļ•āļī āđ€āļĄāļ·āđˆāļ­āļŠāļ™āļīāļ”āļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļĄāļđāļĨāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ•āļąāļ§āđāļ›āļĢāļŠāļģāļĄāļģāļĢāļ–āđƒāļŠāđ‰āļĢāđˆāļ§āļĄ āļāļąāļ™āđ„āļ”āđ‰ āđāļĨāļ°āļ•āļąāļ§āđāļ›āļĢāļ›āļĨāļģāļĒāļ—āļģāļ‡āļĄāļĩāļ‚āļ™āļģāļ”āđƒāļŦāļāđˆāļāļ§āđˆāļģāļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āđ€āļ—āđˆāļģāļāļąāļšāļ•āļąāļ§āđāļ›āļĢ āļ•āđ‰āļ™āļ—āļģāļ‡ 2.āļāļģāļĢāđāļ›āļĨāļ‡āļŠāļ™āļīāļ”āļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļĄāļđāļĨāđāļšāļš Explicit āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­ Type Casting āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļāļģāļĢāļ›āļĢāļ°āļāļģāļĻāđ€āļ›āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ™āđāļ›āļĨāļ‡āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ āļ—āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļĄāļđāļĨāđ‚āļ”āļĒāļœāļđāđ‰āđƒāļŠāđ‰āđ€āļ­āļ‡ (target_type) expression;
  • 34.
    34 3. āļāļģāļĢāđāļ›āļĨāļ‡āļŠāļ™āļīāļ”āļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļĄāļđāļĨāđ‚āļ”āļĒāđƒāļŠāđ‰ TypeWrapper āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļāļģāļĢāļŠāļĢāđ‰āļģāļ‡ Object āļ‚āļķāđ‰āļ™āļĄāļģāļāđˆāļ­āļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļˆāļ°āđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļ Method āļĄāļģāđƒāļŠāđ‰āļ‡āļģāļ™ public double doubleValue() public float floatValue() public int intValue() public long longValue() public String toString()
  • 35.
    35 // Type Conversion: Implicit public class TestImplicit { public static void main(String args[ ]) { int a = 15/5; System.out.println("int a = 15/5 => " + a); // method āļŠāļ·āđˆāļ­ toBinaryString āļˆāļģāļ Class āļŠāļ·āđˆāļ­ Integer āđ€āļ›āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ™āļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļĄāļđāļĨ Integer āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ­āļĒāļđāđˆāđƒāļ™āļĢāļđāļ› Binary System.out.println("a = " + Integer.toBinaryString(a)); System.out.println(); // int b = (15/5)*(float)2; float b = a * (float) 2; // byte c = c*2; byte c = 5; System.out.println("float b = a * (float) 2 => " + b); System.out.println("byte c = 5"); System.out.println("b/c => " + b/c);
  • 36.
    36 /* method āļŠāļ·āđˆāļ­floatToIntBits āļˆāļģāļ Class āļŠāļ·āđˆāļ­ Float āđ€āļ›āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ™āļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļĄāļđāļĨ Float āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ­āļĒāļđāđˆāđƒāļ™āļĢāļđāļ› Bit āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļˆāļģāļģāļ™āļ§āļ™āđ€āļ•āđ‡āļĄāđāļšāļš Integer */ System.out.println("Integer.toBinaryString(Float.floatToIntBits(b/c))"); System.out.println(Integer.toBinaryString(Float.floatToIntBits(b/c))); System.out.println(); double d = 10.0d; System.out.println("double d = 10.0d"); System.out.println("(b+c)/d => " + (b+c)/d); /* method āļŠāļ·āđˆāļ­ doubleToLongBits āļˆāļģāļ Class āļŠāļ·āđˆāļ­ Double āđ€āļ›āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ™āļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļĄāļđāļĨ Double āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ­āļĒāļđāđˆāđƒāļ™āļĢāļđāļ› Bit āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļˆāļģāļģāļ™āļ§āļ™āđ€āļ•āđ‡āļĄāđāļšāļš Long method āļŠāļ·āđˆāļ­ toBinaryString āļˆāļģāļ Class āļŠāļ·āđˆāļ­ Long āđ€āļ›āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ™āļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļĄāļđāļĨ Long āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ­āļĒāļđāđˆāđƒāļ™āļĢāļđāļ› Binary */ System.out.println("Long.toBinaryString(Double.doubleToLongBits((b+c)/d))"); System.out.println(Long.toBinaryString(Double.doubleToLongBits((b+c)/d))); }}
  • 37.
    37 // Type Conversion: Explicit āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­ Type Casting public class TestExplicit { public static void main(String[ ] args) { char A = '0'; int B = 2; System.out.println("char A = '0' => "+(int)A); System.out.println("int B = 2"); System.out.println("(int) (A/B) => " + (int) (A/B)); } }
  • 38.
    38 /* Type Conversion: Type Wrapper āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļāļģāļĢāļŠāļĢāđ‰āļģāļ‡ Object āļ‚āļķāđ‰āļ™āļĄāļģāļāđˆāļ­āļ™āļˆāļ°āđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļ Method āļĄāļģāđƒāļŠāđ‰āļ‡āļģāļ™*/ public class TestTypeWrapper { public static void main(String[ ] args) { String var1 = "25.75"; Double d1 = Double.valueOf(var1); System.out.println("String var1 = 25.75"); System.out.println("Double d1 = Double.valueOf(var1)"); System.out.println("d1 => " + d1); double d2 = d1.doubleValue(); System.out.println("double d2 = d1.doubleValue();"); System.out.println("d2 => " + d2); System.out.println();
  • 39.
    39 String var2 ="500"; Integer int1 = Integer.valueOf(var2); System.out.println("String var2 = 500"); System.out.println("Integer int1 = Integer.valueOf(var2)"); System.out.println("int 1 => " + int1); int int2 = int1.intValue(); System.out.println("int int2 = int1.intValue()"); System.out.println("int 2 => " + int2); } }
  • 40.
    40 public class TestChar {public static void main(String args[]) { System.out.println(" ASCII Character "); System.out.println(" for (int i = 32; i < 138 - 10; i+=10) "); System.out.println(" for (int j = i; j < i+10; j++) "); for (int i = 32; i < 138 - 10; i+=10) { for (int j = i; j < i+10; j++) System.out.print(j + " " + (char)j + " "); System.out.println(); } } }
  • 41.
    41 public class TestChar1 {public static void main(String args[]) { char ch1, ch2; ch1 = 88; ch2 = 'Y'; System.out.println("ch1 is " + ch1); System.out.println("ch2 is " + ch2); } }
  • 42.
    42 Method toLowerCase āđƒāļŠāđ‰āđƒāļ™āļāļģāļĢāđāļ›āļĨāļ‡āđāļšāļšāļ­āļąāļāļĐāļĢāļˆāļģāļāļ•āļąāļ§āļžāļīāļĄāļžāđŒ āđƒāļŦāļāđˆāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ•āļąāļ§āļžāļīāļĄāļžāđŒāđ€āļĨāđ‡āļ āļĢāļđāļ›āđāļšāļšāļŠāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ•āļąāļ§āđāļ›āļĢ.toLowerCase() āļ•āļąāļ§āļ­āļĒāđˆāļģāļ‡ String test = initials.toLowerCase() Method toUpperCase āđƒāļŠāđ‰āđƒāļ™āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļāļģāļĢāđāļ›āļĨāļ‡āđāļšāļšāļ­āļąāļāļĐāļĢāļˆāļģāļāļ•āļąāļ§ āļžāļīāļĄāļžāđŒāđ€āļĨāđ‡āļāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ•āļąāļ§āļžāļīāļĄāļžāđŒāđƒāļŦāļāđˆ āļĢāļđāļ›āđāļšāļš āļŠāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ•āļąāļ§āđāļ›āļĢ.toUpperCase() āļ•āļąāļ§āļ­āļĒāđˆāļģāļ‡ String test = initials.toUpperCase() āļāļģāļĢāđāļ›āļĨāļ‡āđāļšāļšāļ­āļąāļāļĐāļĢ
  • 43.
    43 /* Method toLowerCaseāđāļ›āļĨāļ‡āļˆāļģāļāļ­āļąāļāļĐāļĢāļ•āļąāļ§āļžāļīāļĄāļžāđŒāđƒāļŦāļāđˆāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ•āļąāļ§āļžāļīāļĄāļžāđŒāđ€āļĨāđ‡āļ Method toUpperCase āđāļ›āļĨāļ‡āļˆāļģāļāļ­āļąāļāļĐāļĢāļ•āļąāļ§āļžāļīāļĄāļžāđŒāđƒāļŦāļāđˆāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ•āļąāļ§āļžāļīāļĄāļžāđŒāđ€āļĨāđ‡āļ*/ public class TesttoLowerCase { public static void main(String[ ] args) { String firstName = "Aāļ›āļ›āļāļĢ"; String lastName = "MāļŠāļ‡āļ—āļ­āļ‡"; String initials = firstName.substring(0,1) + lastName.substring(0,1); int age = 27; String password = initials.toLowerCase( ) + age; System.out.println(password); } }
  • 44.
    44 āļāļģāļĢāļāļģāļģāļŦāļ™āļ”āļĢāļđāļ›āđāļšāļšāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ•āļąāļ§āđ€āļĨāļ‚ Method getNumberInstance āđƒāļŠāđ‰āļāļģāļģāļŦāļ™āļ”āļˆāļģāļģāļ™āļ§āļ™āļ•āļąāļ§āđ€āļĨāļ‚āļŦāļĨāļąāļ‡āļ—āļĻāļ™āļīāļĒāļĄ āđ‚āļ”āļĒāļāļģāļģāļŦāļ™āļ”āļˆāļģāļģāļ™āļ§āļ™āļŠāļđāļ‡āļŠāļļāļ”āđāļĨāļ°āļ•āļģāđˆāļģāļŠāļļāļ”āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡ import package āļ‚āļ­āļ‡ Java āļŠāļ·āđˆāļ­ â€˜java.text’ āđ€āļ‚āđ‰āļģāļĄāļģāđƒāļŠāđ‰āļ‡āļģāļ™āļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒ āļ•āļąāļ§āļ­āļĒāđˆāļģāļ‡ NumberFormat format1 =NumberFormat.getNumberInstance(); format1.setMaximumFractionDigits(7); format1.setMinimumFractionDigits(5); Method getCurrencyInstance āļŦāļģāļāļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļāļģāļĢāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļĄāļĩāđ€āļ„āļĢāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āļŦāļĄāļģāļĒ $ āļ›āļĢāļģāļāļ āļĢāđˆāļ§āļĄāļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒāđ‚āļ”āļĒāđ„āļĄāđˆāļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļžāļīāļĄāļžāđŒāđ€āļ­āļ‡ āļ•āļąāļ§āļ­āļĒāđˆāļģāļ‡ NumberFormat format2 = NumberFormat.getCurrencyInstance();
  • 45.
    45 import java.text.*; public classTestgetNumberInstance { public static void main (String [ ] args) // NumberFormat.getNumberInstance() { int quarters = 2; int dollars = 3; double total = dollars + quarters * 0.125; final double TAX_RATE = 8.5; double tax = total + TAX_RATE / 100; NumberFormat format1 = NumberFormat.getNumberInstance(); format1.setMaximumFractionDigits(7); format1.setMinimumFractionDigits(5); System.out.println("Total : $" + format1.format(total)); System.out.println("Tax : $" + format1.format(tax)); // NumberFormat.getCurrencyInstance() NumberFormat format2 = NumberFormat.getCurrencyInstance(); System.out.println("Total : $" + format2.format(total)); System.out.println("Tax : $" + format2.format(tax)); } }
  • 46.
  • 47.
  • 48.
    48 1. āļˆāļ‡āđāļŠāļ”āļ‡āļœāļĨāļĨāļąāļžāļ˜āđŒāļˆāļēāļāļāļēāļĢāļ—āļģāļēāļ‡āļēāļ™āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āđ‚āļ›āļĢāđāļāļĢāļĄāļ•āđˆāļ­āđ„āļ›āļ™āļĩāđ‰ (item1.java) publicclass three { public static void main(String args[]) { int a = 1, b = 2, c = 3, d = 4, e = 5, f = 6; int ans1 = c * c + c % b; int ans2 = b + e / c - c * d; int ans3 = b * (a - (d / e) / b) * (b - e % c); int ans4 = a + b - c / d / e * f; System.out.println("ans1 is " + ans1 + " āđāļĨāļ° " + "ans2 is " + ans2); System.out.println("ans3 is " + ans3 + " āđāļĨāļ° " + "ans4 is " + ans4); } } āđāļšāļšāļāļķāļāļŦāļąāļ” āļ„āļĢāļąāđ‰āļ‡āļ—āļĩāđˆ 1
  • 49.
    49 2. āļˆāļ‡āđāļŠāļ”āļ‡āļœāļĨāļĨāļąāļžāļ˜āđŒāļˆāļēāļāļāļēāļĢāļ—āļģāļēāļ‡āļēāļ™āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āđ‚āļ›āļĢāđāļāļĢāļĄāļ•āđˆāļ­āđ„āļ›āļ™āļĩāđ‰ (item2.java) public classfour { public static void main(String args[]) { boolean a = true, b = true, c = true; boolean ans1 = !a && b; boolean ans2 = a && b || c; boolean ans3 = a || (b && c); boolean ans4 = a && b || c; System.out.print("ans1 is " + ans1 + " āđāļĨāļ° "); System.out.println("ans2 is " + ans2); System.out.print("ans3 is " + ans3 + " āđāļĨāļ° "); System.out.println("ans4 is " + ans4); } }
  • 50.
    50 3. āļˆāļ‡āđ€āļ‚āļĩāļĒāļ™āđ‚āļ›āļĢāđāļāļĢāļĄāđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ„āļģāļēāļ™āļ§āļ“āļœāļĨāļĨāļąāļžāļ˜āđŒāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ™āļīāļžāļˆāļ™āđŒāļ•āđˆāļ­āđ„āļ›āļ™āļĩāđ‰ 5 +1 / 7 3 * 3 + 3 % 2 2 + 5 / 3 + -3 * 4 2 * (1 + -(4 / 5) / 2) * (2 - 5 % 3) 4. āļˆāļ‡āđ€āļ‚āļĩāļĒāļ™āđ‚āļ›āļĢāđāļāļĢāļĄāđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ•āļĢāļ§āļˆāļŠāļ­āļšāļœāļĨāļāļēāļĢāļ„āļģāļēāļ™āļ§āļ“āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ™āļīāļžāļˆāļ™āđŒāļ•āđˆāļ­āđ„āļ› āļ™āļĩāđ‰ a+b*c!=b/c%2&&a*b/--c||b++/a>0 a*b/c==b>0||a%b+--a/c++
  • 51.
    51 āļāļēāļĢāļĢāļąāļšāļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļĄāļđāļĨāļ—āļēāļ‡āđāļ›āđ‰āļ™āļžāļīāļĄāļžāđŒ āļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āđƒāļŠāđ‰āļ„āļģāļēāļŠāļąāđˆāļ‡ IOException āđāļĨāļ°Package āļŠāļ·āđˆāļ­ java.io āļĢāđˆāļ§āļĄāļāļąāļ™āđ€āļŠāļĄāļ­ āļāļēāļĢāđƒāļŠāđ‰ System.in.read āđƒāļŠāđ‰āļĢāļąāļšāļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļĄāļđāļĨāđ€āļžāļĩāļĒāļ‡ 1 āļ•āļąāļ§āļ­āļąāļāļĐāļĢ āđ‚āļ”āļĒāļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļĄāļđāļĨāļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™ ASCII āļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āđāļ›āļĨāļ‡ āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ•āļąāļ§āļ­āļąāļāļĐāļĢāļāđˆāļ­āļ™āļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒāļ§āļīāļ˜āļĩ Type Casting āļ„āļ·āļ­ āļ™āļģāļēāļŠāļ™āļīāļ”āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļĄāļđāļĨ āļœāļĨāļĨāļąāļžāļ˜āđŒāđ„āļ›āđ„āļ§āđ‰āļŦāļ™āđ‰āļēāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļĄāļđāļĨāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļāļēāļĢāđāļ›āļĨāļ‡ āđāļĨāļ° āļ•āļąāļ§āļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡ c = (char)System.in.read();
  • 52.
    52 import java.io.*; class TestSysteminRead {public static void main(String args [ ]) throws IOException { char c; System.out.print("Please key a character => "); c = (char)System.in.read(); System.out.println("Your input is " + c); } }
  • 53.
    53 import java.io.*; class TestSysteminRead1 {public static void main(String args [ ]) throws IOException { char buf = '0'; System.out.println("Initial buf is " + buf); StringBuffer bufOut = new StringBuffer(); System.out.print("Please key one character => "); while ((buf = (char)System.in.read()) != 'n') { bufOut.append(buf); } System.out.println("Your input data is " + bufOut); } }
  • 54.
    54 āļāļēāļĢāđƒāļŠāđ‰ BufferedReader āļĢāđˆāļ§āļĄāļāļąāļšInputStreamReader āļĢāļđāļ›āđāļšāļš InputStreamReader reader = new InputStreamReader (System.in); BufferedReader Stdin =new BufferedReader (reader); āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­ BufferedReader Stdin = new BufferedReader (new InputStreamReader (System.in)); āđāļĨāļ°āđƒāļŠāđ‰ Method āļŠāļ·āđˆāļ­ readLine āđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļĢāļąāļšāļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļĄāļđāļĨāļ—āļēāļ‡āļˆāļ­āļ āļēāļžāļ”āļąāļ‡āļ™āļĩāđ‰ Input = Stdin.readLine(); āđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ•āļĢāļ§āļˆāļŠāļ­āļšāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļœāļīāļ”āļžāļĨāļēāļ”āļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āļ—āļģāļēāđ„āļ”āđ‰āđ‚āļ”āļĒāđƒāļŠāđ‰āļ„āļģāļēāļŠāļąāđˆāļ‡ try āđāļĨāļ° catch
  • 55.
    55 import java.io.*; class TestBufferedReader {public static void main(String[ ] args) throws IOException { BufferedReader Stdin = new BufferedReader (new InputStreamReader (System.in)); String Input = " "; System.out.print("Please key any data => "); Input = Stdin.readLine( ); System.out.println("Your input data is => " + Input); } }
  • 56.
    56 import java.io.*; class TestTryCatch {public static void main(String[ ] args) { try { BufferedReader Stdin =new BufferedReader (new InputStreamReader (System.in)); String Input = " "; System.out.print("Please key any data => "); Input = Stdin.readLine( ); System.out.println("Your input data is => " + Input); } catch (IOException e) { System.out.print(e); System.exit(1); } } }
  • 57.
    57 // import java.io.BufferedReader; //import java.io.InputStreamReader; // import java.io.IOException; import java.io.*; class TestCalc { public static void main(String args [ ]) throws IOException { final double A_Level = 4.0; final double B_Level = 3.0; BufferedReader stdin = new BufferedReader (new InputStreamReader (System.in)); String input = " "; System.out.print("Amount of Subject grade A => "); input = stdin.readLine( ); int a = Integer.parseInt(input); System.out.print("Amount of Subject grade B => "); input = stdin.readLine( ); int b = Integer.parseInt(input); double GPA = ((a * A_Level) + (b * B_Level))/ (a + b); System.out.println("GPA is " + GPA); } }
  • 58.
    58 āļāļēāļĢāļĢāļąāļšāļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļĄāļđāļĨāļˆāļēāļāđāļ›āđ‰āļ™āļžāļīāļĄāļžāđŒāđ‚āļ”āļĒāđƒāļŠāđ‰ DataInputStream āļ„āļĨāļēāļŠ DataInputStreamāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļŠāļąāļšāļ„āļĨāļēāļŠāļ‚āļ­āļ‡ FilterInputStream āđāļĨāļ° InputStream āļ•āļąāļ§āđāļ›āļĢāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļœāđˆāļēāļ™āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ„āļĨāļēāļŠ DataInputStream āļ„āļ·āļ­ System.in (InputStream) āļĢāļđāļ›āđāļšāļš DataInput input = new DataInputStream(System.in); āļ„āļĨāļēāļŠ DataInputStream āļĄāļĩ Method āđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ­āđˆāļēāļ™āļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļĄāļđāļĨ āļ”āļąāļ‡āļ™āļĩāđ‰ 1. readLine() āļ­āđˆāļēāļ™āļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļĄāļđāļĨāļ•āļąāļ§āļ­āļąāļāļĐāļĢāļ—āļĩāđˆāļˆāļšāļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒāļāļēāļĢāļ‚āļķāđ‰āļ™āļšāļĢāļĢāļ—āļąāļ”āđƒāļŦāļĄāđˆ 2. readInt() āđāļĨāļ° readLong() āļ­āđˆāļēāļ™āļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļĄāļđāļĨāļˆāļģāļēāļ™āļ§āļ™āđ€āļ•āđ‡āļĄ 3. readFloat() āđāļĨāļ° readDouble() āļ­āđˆāļēāļ™āļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļĄāļđāļĨāļˆāļģāļēāļ™āļ§āļ™āļˆāļĢāļīāļ‡ 4. readUnsignedByte() āļ­āđˆāļēāļ™āļˆāļģāļēāļ™āļ§āļ™āđ€āļ•āđ‡āļĄāļ—āļĩāđˆāđ„āļĄāđˆāļĢāļ§āļĄāđ€āļ„āļĢāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āļŦāļĄāļēāļĒ
  • 59.
    59 import java.io.*; public classTestDataInput { public static void main(String args [ ]) throws IOException { DataInput input = new DataInputStream(System.in); String text = " "; int noOfguest = 0; double rate = 0; System.out.print("Amount of guest => : "); try { noOfguest = Integer.parseInt(input.readLine()); // System.out.println("Amount of guest is " + noOfguest); System.out.print("Rate of rent per person per night is "); Double x = new Double(input.readLine()); rate = x.doubleValue(); } catch (Exception e) { System.out.print(e); System.exit(1); } System.out.println("Total rent is " + (rate * noOfguest)); } }