This study analyzes seat belt non-compliance among drivers and its impact on road safety. Data was collected through observations of drivers at an intersection in Polokwane, South Africa. The findings show high rates of non-compliance, particularly among male and black drivers. To address this issue, the study recommends increasing public education campaigns, strengthening enforcement of seat belt laws through higher fines and penalties, and collaborating with partners to promote road safety initiatives. The goal is to launch a road safety project that improves compliance and reduces injuries from traffic accidents.
Developing a Comprehensive Safe-Driving Program for TeensCognizant
A comprehensive teen safe-driving program should benefit teens, parents, and insurers. It can use mobile apps and telematics devices to monitor teen driving behavior, provide real-time alerts to parents if teens exceed speed limits or drive outside set areas, and give insurers meaningful data to reduce losses through predictive analytics. Cognizant's GeoLocus solution provides an integrated platform insurers can use to build such a program and create a win-win-win for all stakeholders through safer driving and lower insurance costs.
To Find out the Relationship between Errors, Lapses, Violations and Traffic A...inventionjournals
The document discusses a study that explored the relationship between errors, lapses, violations and traffic awareness among 500 drivers in Cuddalore district, India. The study found significant relationships between driving errors, lapses and violations, and significant relationships between these behaviors and participants' traffic awareness. Specifically, errors and lapses showed moderate positive correlations, as did errors and violations and lapses and violations, while lapses and violations showed weak negative correlations with traffic awareness.
Southern Connecticut Community Traffic Safety Conferencebiotara
The document summarizes seat belt usage and impaired driving data from Connecticut. It finds that seat belt usage has increased 29 percentage points since 1995 based on observation surveys conducted at 100 sites each year. Nighttime seat belt usage is 7 percentage points lower than daytime usage. From 2003-2010, Connecticut implemented a large publicity and enforcement campaign around impaired driving around holidays. Evaluation found an estimated 37 fewer alcohol-related fatalities over 18 months as a result of the campaign.
This document summarizes a study on the effectiveness of a school-based helmet use program in Vietnam. It found that helmet use among students increased dramatically from 12.3% before the program to 86.4% two weeks after and was sustained at 78.1% three months later. In comparison, schools only reached by communications campaigns saw smaller increases from 18% to 38% over three years. The study demonstrates that distributing helmets in schools coupled with education can significantly increase child helmet use in Vietnam.
This document summarizes a study on banning cell phone use while driving. The study interviewed male drivers hospitalized after car accidents. Most said they had been using their phone for navigation and got distracted while stuck in traffic. The study collected data on demographics, phone use frequency, past accidents, and views on reducing accidents. It found most accidents occurred within 30 minutes of checking phones in traffic. The independent variable was phone use while driving and the dependent variable was traffic accidents involving injury from distracted use. References were provided on related research.
Strategic Road Safety Plan Review - Questionnaire to WRA Members - Finland Kl...Jaakko Klang
This document provides information from Jaakko Klang of Finland in response to questions about road safety. It discusses Finland's approach to identifying high-risk locations, ranking them publicly, evaluating safety schemes economically, and addressing issues with motorcycle, cyclist, and pedestrian safety. Engineering measures installed to improve safety for these vulnerable road users include traffic calming, separation of motorized and non-motorized traffic, lowered speed limits, clearer markings, and infrastructure designed around users' needs and abilities. The response highlights ongoing issues and the need for further education and enforcement efforts.
Patel_P_Final Motor-Vehicle-Crash Related Injuries Resourse Guide.pdfParth Patel, MPH
Motor vehicle crashes are a leading cause of death in the United States, especially among young people. In 2014, over 32,000 people were killed in crashes while over 400,000 were injured. West Virginia in particular saw 271 fatalities from distracted driving crashes in 2014. Various interventions like increased seatbelt and helmet use, sobriety checkpoints, and driver education can help reduce crashes, deaths, and injuries.
Developing a Comprehensive Safe-Driving Program for TeensCognizant
A comprehensive teen safe-driving program should benefit teens, parents, and insurers. It can use mobile apps and telematics devices to monitor teen driving behavior, provide real-time alerts to parents if teens exceed speed limits or drive outside set areas, and give insurers meaningful data to reduce losses through predictive analytics. Cognizant's GeoLocus solution provides an integrated platform insurers can use to build such a program and create a win-win-win for all stakeholders through safer driving and lower insurance costs.
To Find out the Relationship between Errors, Lapses, Violations and Traffic A...inventionjournals
The document discusses a study that explored the relationship between errors, lapses, violations and traffic awareness among 500 drivers in Cuddalore district, India. The study found significant relationships between driving errors, lapses and violations, and significant relationships between these behaviors and participants' traffic awareness. Specifically, errors and lapses showed moderate positive correlations, as did errors and violations and lapses and violations, while lapses and violations showed weak negative correlations with traffic awareness.
Southern Connecticut Community Traffic Safety Conferencebiotara
The document summarizes seat belt usage and impaired driving data from Connecticut. It finds that seat belt usage has increased 29 percentage points since 1995 based on observation surveys conducted at 100 sites each year. Nighttime seat belt usage is 7 percentage points lower than daytime usage. From 2003-2010, Connecticut implemented a large publicity and enforcement campaign around impaired driving around holidays. Evaluation found an estimated 37 fewer alcohol-related fatalities over 18 months as a result of the campaign.
This document summarizes a study on the effectiveness of a school-based helmet use program in Vietnam. It found that helmet use among students increased dramatically from 12.3% before the program to 86.4% two weeks after and was sustained at 78.1% three months later. In comparison, schools only reached by communications campaigns saw smaller increases from 18% to 38% over three years. The study demonstrates that distributing helmets in schools coupled with education can significantly increase child helmet use in Vietnam.
This document summarizes a study on banning cell phone use while driving. The study interviewed male drivers hospitalized after car accidents. Most said they had been using their phone for navigation and got distracted while stuck in traffic. The study collected data on demographics, phone use frequency, past accidents, and views on reducing accidents. It found most accidents occurred within 30 minutes of checking phones in traffic. The independent variable was phone use while driving and the dependent variable was traffic accidents involving injury from distracted use. References were provided on related research.
Strategic Road Safety Plan Review - Questionnaire to WRA Members - Finland Kl...Jaakko Klang
This document provides information from Jaakko Klang of Finland in response to questions about road safety. It discusses Finland's approach to identifying high-risk locations, ranking them publicly, evaluating safety schemes economically, and addressing issues with motorcycle, cyclist, and pedestrian safety. Engineering measures installed to improve safety for these vulnerable road users include traffic calming, separation of motorized and non-motorized traffic, lowered speed limits, clearer markings, and infrastructure designed around users' needs and abilities. The response highlights ongoing issues and the need for further education and enforcement efforts.
Patel_P_Final Motor-Vehicle-Crash Related Injuries Resourse Guide.pdfParth Patel, MPH
Motor vehicle crashes are a leading cause of death in the United States, especially among young people. In 2014, over 32,000 people were killed in crashes while over 400,000 were injured. West Virginia in particular saw 271 fatalities from distracted driving crashes in 2014. Various interventions like increased seatbelt and helmet use, sobriety checkpoints, and driver education can help reduce crashes, deaths, and injuries.
This document summarizes a case study on motorcycle accidents in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. The study found that motorcycle transport has grown in Tanzania and is an important form of employment and transportation, especially for youth. However, motorcycle accidents have also increased and are a major cause of death and injury. The study examined accident data and causes in three districts in Dar es Salaam through surveys of motorcyclists and passengers. It found that most accidents are caused by traffic violations and alcohol use. Recommendations include stricter licensing requirements for motorcyclists, safety training, and public education campaigns to reduce accidents.
The document discusses key provisions of the proposed Motor Vehicle Regulation & Road Safety Bill 2015 in India. The bill aims to establish an institutional framework focused on road safety, shift practices towards international best practices, and save over 200,000 lives in the first 5 years. It proposes setting up independent regulatory authorities at national and state levels, unified licensing and registration systems, stronger safety standards for vehicles and infrastructure, and higher penalties for traffic violations. The bill covers various aspects of road regulation and safety across 14 chapters dealing with issues like licensing, registration, insurance, enforcement, and offences.
The Oklahoma Governor's Impaired Driving Prevention Advisory Council charged with making recommendations to the Governor's office established extensive outreach to the Native American community, hosting a breakout session specific to tribal efforts bringing impaired driving awareness to the annual OHSO Highway Safety Forum and participation in the annual TTAP Conference.
Now, let’s look forward 6 years to newly released traffic fatalities data. In 2021, two years ago, United States Department of Transportation (USDOT) unveiled the National Roadway Safety Strategy resources plan. The U.S. President’s Bipartisan Infrastructure Laws includes critical steps to help reverse devastating pedestrian crosswalk intersection accident/ fatalities trend ending with saving lives on our roadways.
The document discusses many potential solutions to improving road safety. It suggests that effective solutions require action in several areas: driver training and testing, enforcement of traffic laws, vehicle safety standards, road infrastructure design, public awareness campaigns, and emergency response systems. The most comprehensive approaches integrate improvements across all of these factors, with the goal of changing driver behavior, building safer roads and vehicles, and creating a culture with road safety as a priority. Cooperation between government, organizations, and the public is needed to make meaningful progress.
This document provides best practices for emergency vehicle safety operations for volunteer and small combination emergency service organizations. It discusses 11 best practices including assigning a responsible person to lead the vehicle safety program, conducting collision investigations and analyzing data to identify trends, ensuring regulatory and statute compliance, comprehensive driver training programs, implementing loss prevention practices such as routine maintenance and inspection programs, managing driver behavior through monitoring and enforcement of policies, staying informed on current safety initiatives and issues, having a procedure for reporting incidents, involving vehicle design engineers in apparatus selection, understanding highway safety concepts such as traffic incident management, and limiting distracted driving. The document aims to help emergency services reduce collisions and injuries through implementing these safety practices.
The document summarizes a study that investigated truck and bus drivers' knowledge of traffic regulations in different European countries. A questionnaire was administered to 256 drivers from Finland, Hungary, Italy, Romania and Sweden. The results showed that 40% reported having problems with traffic regulations and 20% had difficulties understanding foreign road signs. Drivers also lacked knowledge about maximum daily and weekly driving hours. The study aims to help design an in-vehicle information system to better support drivers' regulatory knowledge when operating vehicles across multiple countries.
This report includes a focus on seven key recommendations that are both specific and
actionable. A major role of the Task Force work has been to create shared understanding
across many disciplines, that removing obstacles to safe driving is crucial to healthy ageing and
managing our expanding lifespan successfully.
Portland Tames Speed for Safety, a Case Study for Vision Zero Citiesvisionzeronetwork
Portland, Oregon has a comprehensive approach to managing speed for safety. Their work provides a model for other Vision Zero cities to ensure action on this core value of Vision Zero.
A Case Study On The Causal Of Motorcycle Accidents Among Polytechnic S StudentsKathryn Patel
The document summarizes a study on the causal factors of motorcycle accidents among students at a polytechnic in Malaysia. It discusses three potential factors: motorcyclist characteristics, vehicle factors, and environmental factors. A survey was conducted of 195 students to understand their perceptions of how these factors relate to accidents. The results found:
1) There was a significant positive correlation between motorcycle accidents and motorcyclist characteristics, such as carrying passengers or braking behavior.
2) Vehicle factors, like riding with headlights off, were also strongly correlated with accidents.
3) Environmental factors, like other vehicles turning suddenly, showed a strong relationship to motorcycle accidents as well.
The study concludes that all three factors -
Mobile phone use - a growing problem of driver distraction - UNEasySonho
This document discusses driver distraction, focusing on mobile phone use. It defines distraction as the diversion of a driver's attention away from safe driving to a competing activity. Distractions can be visual, cognitive, physical, or auditory. Mobile phone use is a growing source of in-vehicle distraction that can impair driving performance by taking a driver's eyes, hands, and mind off the road. Studies suggest drivers using mobile phones are approximately four times more likely to be in a crash. While legislation and public awareness campaigns aim to address this issue, more research is still needed on effective interventions.
This document outlines a proposed study on the prevalence and factors associated with road traffic accidents in Mekelle Town, Northern Ethiopia. The study will use a cross-sectional design involving a sample of 634 taxi drivers selected through systematic random sampling. Data will be collected through questionnaires on driver characteristics, vehicle condition, pedestrian factors, and environmental conditions. Descriptive statistics, bivariate and multivariate logistic regression will be used to analyze relationships between independent and dependent variables. Results will be disseminated to universities and transportation authorities to inform policies to reduce accidents. The proposal provides details on the introduction, objectives, methodology, variables, analysis plan, and ethics of the study.
This study examines the driving behaviors of teenage males using a driving simulator. Teenage males will complete two simulated drives - one alone and one with a female passenger. Driving data such as speed, steering, and lane position will be recorded to compare risky driving behaviors between the solo and passenger drives. Preliminary results suggest teenage males may drive safer with a female passenger based on factors like braking and mirror/blind spot checking. However, the study has limitations like potential response and selection bias and using a single female confederate. Continued research is needed to fully understand risky driving behaviors linked to demographics.
Development and validation of a psychological scale for work related driversAlexander Decker
This document describes the development and validation of a psychological scale to assess work-related drivers in Nigeria. It involved a pilot study, main study, and validation study with over 700 participants total. Through factor analysis, a 26-item scale was developed measuring 4 dimensions: Compliance (14 items), Aggressive Driving (4 items), Judgment Error (4 items), and Safety Consciousness (4 items). The scale demonstrated good reliability and validity when correlated with other similar measures. The scale can help identify behavioral dispositions of drivers and has implications for selecting, training, and promoting drivers in Nigeria.
Human drivers have always been an essential requirement in the operation of a motor vehicle. At the same
time, research has repeatedly demonstrated that driver error plays a role in more than 90% of road crashes
(NHTSA 2008; Blanco et al. 2016). As such, in the past two decades, vehicle manufacturers have designed new
and increasingly sophisticated features that provide more assistance to drivers to help mitigate such errors. Such
features are an important precursor to the development of automated vehicles and, currently, expectations are
high that the advent of semi- or fully- automated vehicles will dramatically reduce road crashes
Dear Researcher Should I get my child a petRecently, a paren.docxedwardmarivel
Dear Researcher: Should I get my child a pet?
Recently, a parent reached out to me with the following question: Dear Researcher, my daughter has been asking for a pet for several years now, but I have been hesitant. What does the research say on the benefits of owning a pet? After receiving this question, I decided to dig into the research on the benefits and drawbacks of owning a pet. I have often heard of the positive emotional impact that owning a pet has, but I had not reviewed what the research said on this topic until receiving this question. So, thank you for your question reader!
Before viewing the benefits of pet ownership, I think it is important to first focus on the possible drawbacks. Research has shown that the biggest drawbacks of pet ownership is the stress caused from a pet’s death or worry about the pet’s safety (Bryant, 1990). While the death of a beloved pet is eventually inevitable, worries about safety could be reduced by having a pet safe environment within your home.
While the drawbacks are important to consider, there are also many benefits given to pet owners, such as increased emotional well-being. A recent study has shown that pets are an essential source of social support to their owners and their owners have an increased sense of emotional well-being associated with their pet ownership (McConnell, Brown, Shoda, Stayton, & Martin, 2011). Pets also have been shown to offer support to people facing a significant stress in their life (McConnell et al., 2011). The study conducted by Bryant (1990) that listed the drawbacks to pet ownership also agreed that pet ownership offers the owner emotional benefits.
Along with the emotional benefits, there are also important health benefits to owning a pet. People who interact with pets while in the hospital have better health outcomes (Friedmann, Barker, & Allen, 2011). Pet owners also have better medical outcomes on the whole when compared to non-pet owners (Friedmann et al., 2011). In addition, pet owners make fewer annual visits to the doctor’s office and are on less medications associated with sleeping issues and heart problems (Headey, 1999).
Overall, the research is in strong support of the benefits to owning a pet. From the health benefits to the emotional benefits given to a child, owning a pet definitely has its perks. However, the research is focused on cat and dog ownership, so these benefits may not apply to more low maintenance pets such as fish. Please be sure to consider if your house can accommodate the needs of owning a pet before adopting or purchasing one! This list of ten considerations may be helpful to view before you purchase a pet of your own. As a proud pet owner myself, I wish you the best of luck on your new pet journey! Feel free to ask any further questions about pet ownership below.
4
Weekly journal #3
Ahmed Rahhali
GRAD 695
Research configuration can be clarified as the reason behind the lead of the exploration. The examination configurat.
IRJET- Examine the Safety of Driver from Driving IntrusionIRJET Journal
This document discusses a study examining driver safety from distracted driving. The study involved observing driver behaviors to collect data on distracted driving. The researchers analyzed crash reports to determine which keywords indicated distraction was a factor. They found that activities like texting involve all three types of distraction (visual, manual, cognitive) and impair driving. Common distractions included cell phone use and route guidance systems. The goal was to expand understanding of distracted driving behaviors and their role in crashes to help improve road safety. Tests were performed on cement samples with rice husk ash additions to evaluate properties like strength and consistency.
A presentation given at the 2016 Traffic Safety Conference during Breakout Session 7: Vision Zero: One Year Update. By Laura Dierenfield, Manager, Active Transportation, Austin Transportation Department, City of Austin
Awareness on Road Signs and Markings of Drivers and Passengers along Maharlik...IJAEMSJORNAL
Road signs and markings are an integral part of the transportation systems which are logically designed and employed to provide essential road information for commuters’ safety and protection. The study is an evaluation of drivers and passengers’ awareness regarding road signs and markings along Maharlika Highway in the Province of Nueva Ecija particularly between the cities of San Jose and Cabanatuan. While drivers understanding and perception of road signs and markings were very substantial in the study, the perceptions of common passengers wereadded, because they are generally the victims of road accidents. A total of 100 drivers and passengers from the locality were surveyed based on a 4-point Likert scale ranging from strongly disagree (1) to strongly agree (4). The findings showed thatdrivers were aware and knowledgeable about road signs and markings but did not strictly abide by it. Passengers, on the other hand, were not very much aware of road safety features like road signs and markings and relied heavily on the capability of drivers since they believe that drivers were following rules and regulations onroad signs and markings.
This study examines the influence of female peer passengers on risky driving behaviors of male teenage drivers using a high-fidelity driving simulator. Male teens ages 16-18 completed drives alone and with a female confederate passenger while their driving data and eye movements were recorded. The study aims to determine if male teen drivers display riskier behaviors when alone compared to with a female passenger. Results so far are inconclusive but may indicate safer driving with a female present. Researchers hope to understand how peer passengers impact risk to inform policies that reduce crashes for male teen drivers.
This document summarizes a case study on motorcycle accidents in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. The study found that motorcycle transport has grown in Tanzania and is an important form of employment and transportation, especially for youth. However, motorcycle accidents have also increased and are a major cause of death and injury. The study examined accident data and causes in three districts in Dar es Salaam through surveys of motorcyclists and passengers. It found that most accidents are caused by traffic violations and alcohol use. Recommendations include stricter licensing requirements for motorcyclists, safety training, and public education campaigns to reduce accidents.
The document discusses key provisions of the proposed Motor Vehicle Regulation & Road Safety Bill 2015 in India. The bill aims to establish an institutional framework focused on road safety, shift practices towards international best practices, and save over 200,000 lives in the first 5 years. It proposes setting up independent regulatory authorities at national and state levels, unified licensing and registration systems, stronger safety standards for vehicles and infrastructure, and higher penalties for traffic violations. The bill covers various aspects of road regulation and safety across 14 chapters dealing with issues like licensing, registration, insurance, enforcement, and offences.
The Oklahoma Governor's Impaired Driving Prevention Advisory Council charged with making recommendations to the Governor's office established extensive outreach to the Native American community, hosting a breakout session specific to tribal efforts bringing impaired driving awareness to the annual OHSO Highway Safety Forum and participation in the annual TTAP Conference.
Now, let’s look forward 6 years to newly released traffic fatalities data. In 2021, two years ago, United States Department of Transportation (USDOT) unveiled the National Roadway Safety Strategy resources plan. The U.S. President’s Bipartisan Infrastructure Laws includes critical steps to help reverse devastating pedestrian crosswalk intersection accident/ fatalities trend ending with saving lives on our roadways.
The document discusses many potential solutions to improving road safety. It suggests that effective solutions require action in several areas: driver training and testing, enforcement of traffic laws, vehicle safety standards, road infrastructure design, public awareness campaigns, and emergency response systems. The most comprehensive approaches integrate improvements across all of these factors, with the goal of changing driver behavior, building safer roads and vehicles, and creating a culture with road safety as a priority. Cooperation between government, organizations, and the public is needed to make meaningful progress.
This document provides best practices for emergency vehicle safety operations for volunteer and small combination emergency service organizations. It discusses 11 best practices including assigning a responsible person to lead the vehicle safety program, conducting collision investigations and analyzing data to identify trends, ensuring regulatory and statute compliance, comprehensive driver training programs, implementing loss prevention practices such as routine maintenance and inspection programs, managing driver behavior through monitoring and enforcement of policies, staying informed on current safety initiatives and issues, having a procedure for reporting incidents, involving vehicle design engineers in apparatus selection, understanding highway safety concepts such as traffic incident management, and limiting distracted driving. The document aims to help emergency services reduce collisions and injuries through implementing these safety practices.
The document summarizes a study that investigated truck and bus drivers' knowledge of traffic regulations in different European countries. A questionnaire was administered to 256 drivers from Finland, Hungary, Italy, Romania and Sweden. The results showed that 40% reported having problems with traffic regulations and 20% had difficulties understanding foreign road signs. Drivers also lacked knowledge about maximum daily and weekly driving hours. The study aims to help design an in-vehicle information system to better support drivers' regulatory knowledge when operating vehicles across multiple countries.
This report includes a focus on seven key recommendations that are both specific and
actionable. A major role of the Task Force work has been to create shared understanding
across many disciplines, that removing obstacles to safe driving is crucial to healthy ageing and
managing our expanding lifespan successfully.
Portland Tames Speed for Safety, a Case Study for Vision Zero Citiesvisionzeronetwork
Portland, Oregon has a comprehensive approach to managing speed for safety. Their work provides a model for other Vision Zero cities to ensure action on this core value of Vision Zero.
A Case Study On The Causal Of Motorcycle Accidents Among Polytechnic S StudentsKathryn Patel
The document summarizes a study on the causal factors of motorcycle accidents among students at a polytechnic in Malaysia. It discusses three potential factors: motorcyclist characteristics, vehicle factors, and environmental factors. A survey was conducted of 195 students to understand their perceptions of how these factors relate to accidents. The results found:
1) There was a significant positive correlation between motorcycle accidents and motorcyclist characteristics, such as carrying passengers or braking behavior.
2) Vehicle factors, like riding with headlights off, were also strongly correlated with accidents.
3) Environmental factors, like other vehicles turning suddenly, showed a strong relationship to motorcycle accidents as well.
The study concludes that all three factors -
Mobile phone use - a growing problem of driver distraction - UNEasySonho
This document discusses driver distraction, focusing on mobile phone use. It defines distraction as the diversion of a driver's attention away from safe driving to a competing activity. Distractions can be visual, cognitive, physical, or auditory. Mobile phone use is a growing source of in-vehicle distraction that can impair driving performance by taking a driver's eyes, hands, and mind off the road. Studies suggest drivers using mobile phones are approximately four times more likely to be in a crash. While legislation and public awareness campaigns aim to address this issue, more research is still needed on effective interventions.
This document outlines a proposed study on the prevalence and factors associated with road traffic accidents in Mekelle Town, Northern Ethiopia. The study will use a cross-sectional design involving a sample of 634 taxi drivers selected through systematic random sampling. Data will be collected through questionnaires on driver characteristics, vehicle condition, pedestrian factors, and environmental conditions. Descriptive statistics, bivariate and multivariate logistic regression will be used to analyze relationships between independent and dependent variables. Results will be disseminated to universities and transportation authorities to inform policies to reduce accidents. The proposal provides details on the introduction, objectives, methodology, variables, analysis plan, and ethics of the study.
This study examines the driving behaviors of teenage males using a driving simulator. Teenage males will complete two simulated drives - one alone and one with a female passenger. Driving data such as speed, steering, and lane position will be recorded to compare risky driving behaviors between the solo and passenger drives. Preliminary results suggest teenage males may drive safer with a female passenger based on factors like braking and mirror/blind spot checking. However, the study has limitations like potential response and selection bias and using a single female confederate. Continued research is needed to fully understand risky driving behaviors linked to demographics.
Development and validation of a psychological scale for work related driversAlexander Decker
This document describes the development and validation of a psychological scale to assess work-related drivers in Nigeria. It involved a pilot study, main study, and validation study with over 700 participants total. Through factor analysis, a 26-item scale was developed measuring 4 dimensions: Compliance (14 items), Aggressive Driving (4 items), Judgment Error (4 items), and Safety Consciousness (4 items). The scale demonstrated good reliability and validity when correlated with other similar measures. The scale can help identify behavioral dispositions of drivers and has implications for selecting, training, and promoting drivers in Nigeria.
Human drivers have always been an essential requirement in the operation of a motor vehicle. At the same
time, research has repeatedly demonstrated that driver error plays a role in more than 90% of road crashes
(NHTSA 2008; Blanco et al. 2016). As such, in the past two decades, vehicle manufacturers have designed new
and increasingly sophisticated features that provide more assistance to drivers to help mitigate such errors. Such
features are an important precursor to the development of automated vehicles and, currently, expectations are
high that the advent of semi- or fully- automated vehicles will dramatically reduce road crashes
Dear Researcher Should I get my child a petRecently, a paren.docxedwardmarivel
Dear Researcher: Should I get my child a pet?
Recently, a parent reached out to me with the following question: Dear Researcher, my daughter has been asking for a pet for several years now, but I have been hesitant. What does the research say on the benefits of owning a pet? After receiving this question, I decided to dig into the research on the benefits and drawbacks of owning a pet. I have often heard of the positive emotional impact that owning a pet has, but I had not reviewed what the research said on this topic until receiving this question. So, thank you for your question reader!
Before viewing the benefits of pet ownership, I think it is important to first focus on the possible drawbacks. Research has shown that the biggest drawbacks of pet ownership is the stress caused from a pet’s death or worry about the pet’s safety (Bryant, 1990). While the death of a beloved pet is eventually inevitable, worries about safety could be reduced by having a pet safe environment within your home.
While the drawbacks are important to consider, there are also many benefits given to pet owners, such as increased emotional well-being. A recent study has shown that pets are an essential source of social support to their owners and their owners have an increased sense of emotional well-being associated with their pet ownership (McConnell, Brown, Shoda, Stayton, & Martin, 2011). Pets also have been shown to offer support to people facing a significant stress in their life (McConnell et al., 2011). The study conducted by Bryant (1990) that listed the drawbacks to pet ownership also agreed that pet ownership offers the owner emotional benefits.
Along with the emotional benefits, there are also important health benefits to owning a pet. People who interact with pets while in the hospital have better health outcomes (Friedmann, Barker, & Allen, 2011). Pet owners also have better medical outcomes on the whole when compared to non-pet owners (Friedmann et al., 2011). In addition, pet owners make fewer annual visits to the doctor’s office and are on less medications associated with sleeping issues and heart problems (Headey, 1999).
Overall, the research is in strong support of the benefits to owning a pet. From the health benefits to the emotional benefits given to a child, owning a pet definitely has its perks. However, the research is focused on cat and dog ownership, so these benefits may not apply to more low maintenance pets such as fish. Please be sure to consider if your house can accommodate the needs of owning a pet before adopting or purchasing one! This list of ten considerations may be helpful to view before you purchase a pet of your own. As a proud pet owner myself, I wish you the best of luck on your new pet journey! Feel free to ask any further questions about pet ownership below.
4
Weekly journal #3
Ahmed Rahhali
GRAD 695
Research configuration can be clarified as the reason behind the lead of the exploration. The examination configurat.
IRJET- Examine the Safety of Driver from Driving IntrusionIRJET Journal
This document discusses a study examining driver safety from distracted driving. The study involved observing driver behaviors to collect data on distracted driving. The researchers analyzed crash reports to determine which keywords indicated distraction was a factor. They found that activities like texting involve all three types of distraction (visual, manual, cognitive) and impair driving. Common distractions included cell phone use and route guidance systems. The goal was to expand understanding of distracted driving behaviors and their role in crashes to help improve road safety. Tests were performed on cement samples with rice husk ash additions to evaluate properties like strength and consistency.
A presentation given at the 2016 Traffic Safety Conference during Breakout Session 7: Vision Zero: One Year Update. By Laura Dierenfield, Manager, Active Transportation, Austin Transportation Department, City of Austin
Awareness on Road Signs and Markings of Drivers and Passengers along Maharlik...IJAEMSJORNAL
Road signs and markings are an integral part of the transportation systems which are logically designed and employed to provide essential road information for commuters’ safety and protection. The study is an evaluation of drivers and passengers’ awareness regarding road signs and markings along Maharlika Highway in the Province of Nueva Ecija particularly between the cities of San Jose and Cabanatuan. While drivers understanding and perception of road signs and markings were very substantial in the study, the perceptions of common passengers wereadded, because they are generally the victims of road accidents. A total of 100 drivers and passengers from the locality were surveyed based on a 4-point Likert scale ranging from strongly disagree (1) to strongly agree (4). The findings showed thatdrivers were aware and knowledgeable about road signs and markings but did not strictly abide by it. Passengers, on the other hand, were not very much aware of road safety features like road signs and markings and relied heavily on the capability of drivers since they believe that drivers were following rules and regulations onroad signs and markings.
This study examines the influence of female peer passengers on risky driving behaviors of male teenage drivers using a high-fidelity driving simulator. Male teens ages 16-18 completed drives alone and with a female confederate passenger while their driving data and eye movements were recorded. The study aims to determine if male teen drivers display riskier behaviors when alone compared to with a female passenger. Results so far are inconclusive but may indicate safer driving with a female present. Researchers hope to understand how peer passengers impact risk to inform policies that reduce crashes for male teen drivers.
Corporate Governance : Scope and Legal Frameworkdevaki57
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
MEANING
Corporate Governance refers to the way in which companies are governed and to what purpose. It identifies who has power and accountability, and who makes decisions. It is, in essence, a toolkit that enables management and the board to deal more effectively with the challenges of running a company.
Business law for the students of undergraduate level. The presentation contains the summary of all the chapters under the syllabus of State University, Contract Act, Sale of Goods Act, Negotiable Instrument Act, Partnership Act, Limited Liability Act, Consumer Protection Act.
Integrating Advocacy and Legal Tactics to Tackle Online Consumer Complaintsseoglobal20
Our company bridges the gap between registered users and experienced advocates, offering a user-friendly online platform for seamless interaction. This platform empowers users to voice their grievances, particularly regarding online consumer issues. We streamline support by utilizing our team of expert advocates to provide consultancy services and initiate appropriate legal actions.
Our Online Consumer Legal Forum offers comprehensive guidance to individuals and businesses facing consumer complaints. With a dedicated team, round-the-clock support, and efficient complaint management, we are the preferred solution for addressing consumer grievances.
Our intuitive online interface allows individuals to register complaints, seek legal advice, and pursue justice conveniently. Users can submit complaints via mobile devices and send legal notices to companies directly through our portal.
Receivership and liquidation Accounts
Being a Paper Presented at Business Recovery and Insolvency Practitioners Association of Nigeria (BRIPAN) on Friday, August 18, 2023.
Genocide in International Criminal Law.pptxMasoudZamani13
Excited to share insights from my recent presentation on genocide! 💡 In light of ongoing debates, it's crucial to delve into the nuances of this grave crime.
Pedal to the Court Understanding Your Rights after a Cycling Collision.pdfSunsetWestLegalGroup
The immediate step is an intelligent choice; don’t procrastinate. In the aftermath of the crash, taking care of yourself and taking quick steps can help you protect yourself from significant injuries. Make sure that you have collected the essential data and information.
Sangyun Lee, 'Why Korea's Merger Control Occasionally Fails: A Public Choice ...Sangyun Lee
Presentation slides for a session held on June 4, 2024, at Kyoto University. This presentation is based on the presenter’s recent paper, coauthored with Hwang Lee, Professor, Korea University, with the same title, published in the Journal of Business Administration & Law, Volume 34, No. 2 (April 2024). The paper, written in Korean, is available at <https://shorturl.at/GCWcI>.
The Future of Criminal Defense Lawyer in India.pdfveteranlegal
https://veteranlegal.in/defense-lawyer-in-india/ | Criminal defense Lawyer in India has always been a vital aspect of the country's legal system. As defenders of justice, criminal Defense Lawyer play a critical role in ensuring that individuals accused of crimes receive a fair trial and that their constitutional rights are protected. As India evolves socially, economically, and technologically, the role and future of criminal Defense Lawyer are also undergoing significant changes. This comprehensive blog explores the current landscape, challenges, technological advancements, and prospects for criminal Defense Lawyer in India.
The Future of Criminal Defense Lawyer in India.pdf
215548180 Thiswana ass1.docx
1. Abstract- This study focuses on the trend of seat belt non-compliance of vehicle drivers
and its effect on road safety. Based on the observations of law enforcement officers and
supported by the increase in injuries from driver seat belt non-compliance. This action
research seeks to inform the factors on the factors contributing to this dangerous
behavior. Through a comprehensive analysis of data observed and collected, public
awareness campaigns, and enforcement strategies, this study aims to provide insights
into solutions that can reduce the risks associated with seat belt non-compliance and
increase the increase in road safety. Therefore, the findings highlight the immediate need
for collective efforts in promoting seat belt usage to improve overall road safety and
reduce injuries in vehicle accidents.
1.INTRODUCTION
Seatbelts play a critical role in reducing injuries in case of accidents on our roads.
According to Evans, 423:1996) the seat belt’s effectiveness could be defined as the
reduction in risk (or probability) of being injured due to the use of seat belt when involved
in an accident. Road safety is a critical issue that demands immediate attention in South
Africa. As a Law enforcement officer, I have personally observed a concerning issue
where an increasing number of drivers fail to wear seat belts. This observation is further
supported by the rise in the number of injuries and road fatalities due to drivers neglecting
to use seat belts. To address this issue, I have initiated an action research project aimed
at collecting data to present to my supervisor. This Action research aims to highlight the
urgency and importance of launching a Road safety project to improve the current poor
state of road safety in our community furthermore educating drivers and enforcing the
laws of wearing seat belts. By gathering and analyzing data, to persuade management to
launch a road safety project. The research study will gather information on driver behavior
related to seat belt usage, using observations as the primary data collection method.
2.LITERATURE REVIEW
2. The failure to wear seat belts presents a great deal of danger to both drivers and
passengers on the road. Numerous studies have demonstrated the lifesaving benefits of
seat belts, including reducing the risk of fatal injuries in car accidents by approximately
45% for drivers (NHTSA, 2018). However, despite the availability and effectiveness of
seat belts, the non-compliance of drivers has become increasingly common.
3. THE AIM OF THE ACTION RESEARCH PROJECT
The primary aim of this action research is to observe and collect data on the usage of
seat belt and non-compliance of seat belt usage in our community and present it to
management to support the launch of a Road Safety project. Therefore, presenting this
collected data to management, will highlight the need for a Road Safety project in our
community. Firstly, an increase in public awareness campaigns can educate drivers about
the importance of seat belt usage and the consequences of non-compliance. This can
help dispel any misconceptions and create a culture of seat belt wearing. This will focus
on increasing awareness, education, and enforcement to improve seat belt usage rates.
4.METHODOLOGY
To accurately present the severeness of the issue, data collection is crucial. The method
of observation can be employed to gather relevant information. To collect comprehensive
data, a quantitative research method will be employed. The project will utilize a one-phase
approach consisting of observational studies. Firstly, conducting observational studies of
drivers will provide insight into their attitudes, and usage of seat belt. This can help identify
drivers that are compliant and non-compliant towards seat belt usage. Furthermore,
getting an insight into ethnicity, gender and vehicle types contributing to the problem. This
data can be analysed to identify any patterns or trends, such as ethnic groups and gender
more aligned to not wearing seat belts in the location.
Phase 1: Observational Studies
3. As a Law enforcement officer, I am tasked with systematically observing vehicles at
Polokwane Excelsior Street intersection. Observations will be conducted during different
times of the day and week to capture a representative sample. The data collected will
include demographic information, observed seat belt usage rates, vehicle type, ethnicity
and driver behavior and any contextual factors that may influence compliance.
5.OBSERVATION AND FINDINGS
On the 14th and the 16th of August 2023, a number of 100 vehicles were observed and
thus data of every 5th vehicle passing was collected and recorded at the T-Junction of
Excelsior Street in Polokwane. Therefore only 20 vehicles from the 100 cars observed
was recorded and collected. Only drivers of Vehicles, were taken into consideration in this
analysis. The data collected include the ethnicity of drivers, gender, vehicle type and
driver behavior. Furthermore, Seat belt usage is also reported in this action research,
therefore configuring whether drivers wore seatbelts or not in that Junction. It is to be
noted that details of reported seat belt usage by vehicle drivers, based on the data
collected, are shown in Figure 5.1. It can be seen on the figure that seat belt usage
amongst the drivers is significantly lower when compared with drivers not wearing
seatbelts. Overall seat belt usage among drivers is lower when compared to the drivers
that are not wearing a seat belt. All type categories, are noted in Figure 5.1
The findings of data of drivers collected at the T-Junction of Excelsior Street next to TUT
in Polokwane clearly indicate the considered categories of gender, ethnicity and driver
behavior have been identified and formulated into considerable and effective data. The
data collected indicates that 65% of drivers recorded were male and 35% were female in
the gender category. Ethnicity is broader and varis; therefore, this research only
undertook the opportunity to study 2 ethnic groups for this study. As observed only 85%
of black drivers were recorded at the intersection and 15% were white. The data of the
mode of transport used was sedan 45%, Light commercial vehicle 20%, Heavy vehicle
15% and Light delivery vehicle 20% was observed and recorded.
Females are more unlikely to engage in risky behavior as therefore when this study was
formulated it was discovered that 20% of the female drivers were compliant to seat belt
usage and only 15% non-compliant to seat belt usage. Research indicates that male
4. drivers have a habit of engaging in riskier driving behaviours compared to females,
including not wearing seatbelts. Therefore, this study revealed that 45% of male drivers
were compliant to seat belt usage and only 20% were non-compliant to seat belt usage.
This clearly shows a high percentage of male driver being non-compliant compared to
Female drivers. This study also shows that Black drivers have the more non-compliant
seat belt usage than white drivers. In addition, a percent of 45% of Black people were
compliant to seat belt usage and only 40% were non-compliant. 5 % of White drivers were
compliant to seat belt usage and only 10% were non-compliant.
In overall a statical illustration is shown in the figure below:
Figure 5.1
6.RECOMMENDATIONS
By presenting this collected data to management, we can highlight the urgent need for a
Road Safety project in our community. Implementing such a project can have several
65
45
20
35
20
15
85
45
40
15
5
10
45
20
15
20
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Gender Ethnic Group Types of Vehicle Seatbelt compliance Seatbelt non-compliance
DRIVER GENDER, ETHNICITY AND DRIVER BEHAVIOR DATA
Male Female Black White Sedan LCV Heavy Vehicle LDV
5. positive outcomes. Firstly, an increase in public awareness campaigns can educate
drivers about the importance of seat belt usage and the consequences of non-
compliance. This can help dispel any misconceptions and create a culture of seat belt
wearing. Therefore, Public education is an essential tool in promoting seat belt
compliance. Law enforcement agencies should collaborate with government bodies and
non-profit organizations to conduct comprehensive campaigns that inform and educate
the public about the importance of seat belt usage and the benefits of wearing seat belts
and the potential consequences of non-compliance. Therefore, by collaborating with
these government bodies such as schools etc., and non-profit organizations will bring a
collective effort to promote road safety education. As thus Integrating road safety
programs into school curriculum and organizing workshops and seminars can impart
knowledge and instil safe driving practices from a young age.
Moreover, Law enforcement officers should be given the authority to enforce seat belt
laws actively. Therefore, introducing stricter enforcement measures. Law enforcement
agencies should advocate for revised legislation that introduces higher fines for offenders
and their repeated violations. Additionally, imposing demerit points on driving licenses for
seat belt non-compliance can be an effective tool to discourage repeat offenders.
Implementing the revised this legislation that introduces higher fines and stronger
penalties, for non-compliant drivers, will act as a deterrent and encourage compliance.
Increasing Law Enforcement presence on the roads is crucial for effective seat belt
enforcement. Regular checkpoints should be established in high-risk areas to ensure
compliance. Random seat belt checks and non-compliant seatbelt usage as a primary
offense can further increase compliance rates.
Law enforcement agencies should allocate dedicated resources, such as personnel and
vehicles, to broaden enforcement efforts. Using marked patrol cars near high-risk
locations can serve as a visual reminder and create a sense of accountability among
drivers. This way, drivers will understand that seat belt laws are to be taken seriously and
non-compliance will not be tolerated. These measures will create a sense of
accountability and help instil the idea of safe driving habits. Furthermore, providing
specialized training to law enforcement officers will enhance their ability to detect seat
6. belt violations accurately. Officers should be trained to identify signs that indicate non-
compliance, such as drivers attempting to hide seat belt usage or using illegal devices
that bypass seat belt sensor systems. Additionally, allocating necessary resources, such
as technological tools and training materials, will empower officers to enforce seat belt
laws efficiently.
Moreover, collaborating with private companies and organizations can provide additional
resources and support for seat belt promotion campaigns. Engaging insurance
companies, automobile manufacturers, and related industries can help in funding and
implementing education and awareness initiatives. These partnerships can also involve
providing incentives, such as discounts on insurance premiums for individuals who
consistently wear seat belts or offering awards for communities that demonstrate high
compliance rates.
7.CONCLUSION
Improving road safety is a collective responsibility that requires proactive measures. The
action research project outlined in this action research aims to address the issue of non-
compliance with seat belt usage within our community. By collecting and presenting
comprehensive data to management, we can advocate for the implementation of effective
strategies and interventions. Ultimately, the success of the Road Safety project will
depend on the commitment and collaboration of law enforcement, government agencies,
and the community as a whole to prioritize the importance of seat belt usage and enhance
overall road safety.
8.BIBLIOGRAPHY
Evans, L., 1996. Safety-belt effectiveness: the influence of crash severity and selective
recruitment. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 28(4), pp.423-433.