20th century medicine test
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The document contains 20 multiple choice questions about 20th century medicine in the UK. It covers the establishment of the NHS, major medical advances like the discovery of penicillin and the development of antibiotics, improvements in public health due to government acts and wars, changes to the NHS and medical training, and the rise of alternative medicines.
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Facts 20th century
Medicine in the 20th century was driven by the acceptance of germ theory and the discovery of viruses and DNA. Treatments included chemical drugs like penicillin, radiotherapy, and alternative medicines. Doctors and nurses became highly trained professionals and hospitals were nationalized under the NHS, providing free healthcare. Key figures included Alexander Fleming who discovered penicillin, and Watson and Crick who discovered the structure of DNA. Factors pushing medicine forward included scientific discoveries, social attitudes favoring healthcare access, communication technologies, and wartime efforts, while limits included reliance on individual genius and social competition between groups.
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This document provides an overview of different types of history exam questions related to medicine. It lists 20 sample questions and categorizes them as testing inference, causation, consequences, roles, or judgment. The questions cover a range of topics from the role of the church in medieval medicine to the creation of the NHS and impact of technology on hospital treatment.
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Shoulder pain can be caused by nerve problems which result in sharp, knife-like pain that is not easily controllable. Some tips to avoid shoulder pain include raising your shoulder to touch your palm, doing activities during the day to prevent frozen shoulder which typically occurs after age 40, and being careful when falling on your shoulder since it is the weakest joint and its bones do not cooperate well.
The discovery of hormone
Ernest Henry Starling and Sir William Maddock Bayliss were English physiologists in the early 20th century. In 1902, they discovered the hormone secretin, the first hormone to be identified, by showing that acid in the duodenum activates a substance that stimulates pancreatic secretions. In 1905, Starling introduced the term "hormone" to describe these chemical messengers that travel through the bloodstream to affect distant organs. Their discovery of secretin and definition of hormones established the field of endocrinology and marked a major advance in understanding the body's chemical signaling systems.
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This document contains questions about discoveries and developments in industrial medicine and public health in the 19th century. It asks about key figures like Jenner who discovered vaccination, Pasteur who explained how vaccination worked, and Snow who discovered cholera was spread through water. It also asks about changes to hospitals, specialization of doctors, Florence Nightingale's work in the Crimean War, and technologies like the microscope that advanced research.
Facts 20th century
Medicine in the 20th century was driven by the acceptance of germ theory and the discovery of viruses and DNA. Treatments included chemical drugs like penicillin, radiotherapy, and alternative medicines. Doctors and nurses became highly trained professionals and hospitals were nationalized under the NHS, providing free healthcare. Key figures included Alexander Fleming who discovered penicillin, and Watson and Crick who discovered the structure of DNA. Factors pushing medicine forward included scientific discoveries, social attitudes favoring healthcare access, communication technologies, and wartime efforts, while limits included reliance on individual genius and social competition between groups.
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TABLE 1-1 Milestones of Medicine and Medical Education 1700–2015 ■.docx
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The document provides an overview of the history of pharmacy and healthcare. It discusses how medicine originated from religious and magical beliefs and transitioned to more scientific study. Key developments included Hippocrates' humors theory, natural medicines derived from plants, and major discoveries like penicillin, insulin, and DNA. The 20th century saw major advances in pharmaceutical drugs and their regulation. Today, pharmacy involves dispensing prescriptions in various settings using computer systems, while pharmacists require a PharmD degree and licensing.
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This document provides an overview of the history and development of public health. It discusses key concepts in public health including population health, community health, and ensuring an adequate standard of living. Major milestones and achievements are outlined such as Hippocrates establishing the connection between disease and environment. The document also summarizes the impact of major diseases like cholera and the development of sanitation and vaccination efforts over time.
Penicillin
Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin in 1928 while studying bacteria. He noticed that a mold was inhibiting the growth of bacteria, leading him to realize penicillin's potential as an antibiotic. Penicillin was originally used to treat a few bacterial infections but is now used for many more due to further research. It has undergone innovations like being developed into vaccines and tablets to treat infections and revolutionized medicine.
Facts industrial
1. In the 1700-1900s, there were three main beliefs about what caused illness: miasmas (poisoned air), spontaneous generation (germs appearing from nowhere), and germ theory proposed by Pasteur in 1861.
2. Common treatments included herbal remedies, patent medicines, and some prayer/magic. Aspirin was also invented in the late 1800s.
3. Doctors received more university training, nurses emerged through Florence Nightingale's training schools, and hospitals became more sanitary and efficient under her influence.
Facts medieval and renaissance
1) During the medieval and Renaissance periods, common beliefs about the causes of illness included an imbalance of the four humors (blood, phlegm, black bile, yellow bile), God punishing sin, poisonous air, astrological alignments, and magic. Treatments focused on bleeding, purging, prayer, herbal remedies, and basic surgery.
2) Hospitals of the time were small and overcrowded, run by the Catholic Church or charities, and primarily offered prayer and herbal remedies rather than medical care. Most people received treatment at home.
3) Key figures included Galen, whose works influenced medieval medicine, Andreas Vesalius who challenged Galen through dissection, and
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Pmls-Notes.pdf
World War I increased demand for medical personnel and laboratories, spurring growth in clinical laboratory science. In the early 20th century, laws required hospitals to employ trained technicians, and the first schools were established to train medical technologists. The field continued to professionalize with the founding of organizations like ASCP and AMT to set standards and oversee certification. Major developments included establishing degree programs, standardizing curricula, and advancing instrumentation and testing capabilities. In the Philippines, the first clinical laboratory was established by the U.S. Army in 1943, and training programs emerged in the late 1940s, with the first degree programs starting in the 1950s at institutions like PUC, UST, CEU, and FEU
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The Age of Liberalism from 1790-1880 was characterized by increasing individual freedoms but public health was not initially recognized as a priority. Key thinkers like Malthus believed disease was natural and prevention temporary. Early liberals found it hard to see health as a class issue. Chadwick developed the "sanitary idea" in the 1830s-1840s and the 1848 Public Health Act allowed cities to improve drainage, sewage, water, and appoint health officers, establishing a foundation for public health policy and intervention. However, the focus remained more on individual responsibility and hospital-based care rather than prevention during this era of liberalism.
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The document summarizes the unethical Tuskegee Syphilis Study conducted from 1932 to 1972 by the U.S. Public Health Service to study the natural progression of untreated syphilis in African American men in Alabama. Over 400 men with syphilis were never informed and were denied treatment even after penicillin was found to be an effective treatment. The study was exposed in 1972 and led to major reforms in human subject research ethics and regulations to protect participants, including the 1979 Belmont Report.
History of Health Education and Health Promotion
The document provides a history of health education and health promotion from early civilizations to the present. It discusses how early civilizations advocated for sanitation, clean water, exercise and diet. It then summarizes the early public health movement in Europe in response to poor living conditions during the Industrial Revolution. It describes how the medical model became popular in the late 19th century but was later questioned in the 1960s-70s. This led to the new public health movement and conferences like the Ottawa Charter which emphasized environmental and behavioral factors influencing health.
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The document provides an overview of the history and development of pharmacy and healthcare. It describes how ancient civilizations first looked to magic and religion to explain illness before adopting more scientific approaches. Key developments included ancient Greek and Roman physicians establishing early medical practices, the identification of active compounds from plants in the Middle Ages, and major advances in the 19th-20th centuries like vaccines, antibiotics, and new drug development. The modern pharmacy profession developed alongside new regulations with the growth of pharmaceutical drugs in the 20th century.
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The document discusses the history of public health concepts and liberalism between 1790-1880 known as the Age of Liberalism. Some key events include the French Revolution spreading liberal ideas of individual rights and equality. During this period, there was no medical licensing and hospitals combined various functions. The 1848 and 1875 Public Health Acts in Britain established local boards to improve sanitation following Chadwick's report highlighting overcrowded living conditions. Figures like Malthus, Chadwick, and Simon influenced early public health reforms through studies of populations, sanitation, and control of cholera.
TABLE 1-1 Milestones of Medicine and Medical Education 1700–2015 ■.docx
TABLE 1-1 Milestones of Medicine and Medical Education 1700–2015 ■ 1700s: Training and apprenticeship under one physician was common until hospitals were founded in the mid-1700s. In 1765, the first medical school was established at the University of Pennsylvania. ■ 1800s: Medical training was provided through internships with existing physicians who often were poorly trained themselves. In the United States, there were only four medical schools, which graduated only a handful of students. There was no formal tuition with no mandatory testing. ■ 1847: The AMA was established as a membership organization for physicians to protect the interests of its members. It did not become powerful until the 1900s when it organized its physician members by county and state medical societies. The AMA wanted to ensure these local societies were protecting physicians’ financial well-being. It also began to focus on standardizing medical education. ■ 1900s–1930s: The medical profession was represented by general or family practitioners who operated in solo practices. A small percentage of physicians were women. Total expenditures for medical care were less than 4% of the gross domestic product. ■ 1904: The AMA created the Council on Medical Education to establish standards for medical education. ■ 1910: Formal medical education was attributed to Abraham Flexner, who wrote an evaluation of medical schools in the United States and Canada indicating many schools were substandard. The Flexner Report led to standardized admissions testing for students called the Medical College Admission Test (MCAT), which is still used as part of the admissions process today. ■ 1930s: The healthcare industry was dominated by male physicians and hospitals. Relationships between patients and physicians were sacred. Payments for physician care were personal. ■ 1940s–1960s: When group health insurance was offered, the relationship between patient and physician changed because of third-party payers (insurance). In the 1950s, federal grants supported medical school operations and teaching hospitals. In the 1960s, the Regional Medical Programs provided research grants and emphasized service innovation and provider networking. As a result of the Medicare and Medicaid enactment in 1965, the responsibilities of teaching faculty also included clinical responsibilities. ■ 1970s–1990s: Patient care dollars surpassed research dollars as the largest source of medical school funding. During the 1980s, third-party payers reimbursed academic medical centers with no restrictions. In the 1990s with the advent of managed care, reimbursement was restricted. ■ 2014: According to the 2014 Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMAC) annual survey, over 70% of medical schools have or will be implementing policies and programs to encourage primary care specialties for medical school students. TABLE 1-2 Milestones of the Hospital and Healthcare Systems 1820–2015 ■ 1820s: Almshouses or poorhouses, the pr.
TABLE 1-1 Milestones of Medicine and Medical Education 1700–2015 ■.docx
The document provides a summary of milestones in medicine, medical education, hospitals/healthcare systems, public health, and the U.S. health insurance system from 1700-2015. It describes key developments such as the establishment of the first medical school in 1765, the Flexner Report in 1910 which led to standardization of medical education, the creation of Medicare and Medicaid in 1965, and the passage of the Affordable Care Act in 2010. The document also summarizes milestones related to the development of hospitals and healthcare delivery systems over time as well as milestones in public health initiatives and the evolution of the U.S. health insurance system.
History
The document provides an overview of the history of medicine in Ethiopia. It discusses the evolution from indigenous healing practices, which incorporated herbal remedies and spiritual beliefs, to the introduction of modern medicine through visitors from Europe and the establishment of early hospitals in the late 19th century. It also outlines the development of the Ethiopian healthcare system and Ministry of Health over the 20th century. Key events discussed include the establishment of the first nursing school and training of the first Ethiopian doctors.
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This document provides an introduction and overview of the book "Marketing Health: Smoking and the Discourse of Public Health, 1945–2000". It uses smoking as a lens to examine changes in the ideology and approach of public health over the latter half of the 20th century. Specifically, it discusses how public health shifted from (1) marketing its message via mass media to (2) partnering with pharmaceutical companies and promoting drug treatments, and how smoking symbolized key transitions from acute to chronic disease focus, environmental concerns, and the "discovery of addiction". It also analyzes tensions between systematic gradualism and coercive permissiveness as public health strategies.
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The document discusses the "Age of Liberalism" from 1790-1880. During this period, liberalism developed a biosocial vision that health was a responsibility of the individual. However, it became clear that equal rights did not guarantee equal health status. Edwin Chadwick developed the "sanitary idea" and believed insanitation was the universal cause of disease. This led to public health acts establishing sanitation standards and disease prevention efforts in Britain. However, many places like the US still viewed health as a private matter during this Age of Liberalism.
What is public health?
Presentation for the Grand European Symposium: Training, Research and Innovation in the Europe of Health”, on September 30th 2021, The Sorbonne Grand Amphitheater
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Chapter 1
The document provides an overview of the history of pharmacy and healthcare. It discusses how medicine originated from religious and magical beliefs and transitioned to more scientific study. Key developments included Hippocrates' humors theory, natural medicines derived from plants, and major discoveries like penicillin, insulin, and DNA. The 20th century saw major advances in pharmaceutical drugs and their regulation. Today, pharmacy involves dispensing prescriptions in various settings using computer systems, while pharmacists require a PharmD degree and licensing.
03.10.16.slides.note.purposes
This document provides an overview of the history and development of public health. It discusses key concepts in public health including population health, community health, and ensuring an adequate standard of living. Major milestones and achievements are outlined such as Hippocrates establishing the connection between disease and environment. The document also summarizes the impact of major diseases like cholera and the development of sanitation and vaccination efforts over time.
Penicillin
Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin in 1928 while studying bacteria. He noticed that a mold was inhibiting the growth of bacteria, leading him to realize penicillin's potential as an antibiotic. Penicillin was originally used to treat a few bacterial infections but is now used for many more due to further research. It has undergone innovations like being developed into vaccines and tablets to treat infections and revolutionized medicine.
Similar to 20th century medicine test (20)
TABLE 1-1 Milestones of Medicine and Medical Education 1700–2015 ■.docx
TABLE 1-1 Milestones of Medicine and Medical Education 1700–2015 ■.docx
TABLE 1-1 Milestones of Medicine and Medical Education 1700–2015 ■.docx
TABLE 1-1 Milestones of Medicine and Medical Education 1700–2015 ■.docx
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1. In the 1700-1900s, there were three main beliefs about what caused illness: miasmas (poisoned air), spontaneous generation (germs appearing from nowhere), and germ theory proposed by Pasteur in 1861.
2. Common treatments included herbal remedies, patent medicines, and some prayer/magic. Aspirin was also invented in the late 1800s.
3. Doctors received more university training, nurses emerged through Florence Nightingale's training schools, and hospitals became more sanitary and efficient under her influence.
Facts medieval and renaissance
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2) Hospitals of the time were small and overcrowded, run by the Catholic Church or charities, and primarily offered prayer and herbal remedies rather than medical care. Most people received treatment at home.
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Y11 germany revision templates
The document discusses several key events in early 20th century Germany:
1) The Treaty of Versailles imposed harsh terms on Germany after World War 1, which caused resentment and instability.
2) Hyperinflation in 1923 devastated the German economy and people's livelihoods, further weakening the new Weimar Republic government.
3) The Great Depression starting in 1929 exacerbated Germany's economic problems and unrest, aiding the rise of the Nazi party.
4) Hitler became Chancellor in 1933 and quickly consolidated power by outlawing other parties, suppressing dissent, and intimidating political opponents.
Surgery Technique Guide
This document provides guidance on answering questions about sources in a history exam. It outlines 5 key question types and what students should do for each type. The question types are: 1) making inferences from sources, 2) recognizing how information is portrayed, 3) judging source reliability, 4) cross-referencing multiple sources, and 5) making a judgement on a historical question. For each type, it provides example question phrases and describes what pupils should do to correctly answer the question.
Identifying different surgery questions
This document discusses different types of questions that may appear on a Surgery exam, including inference questions, portrayal questions, reliability questions, cross-referencing questions, and usefulness questions. It notes that students will definitely get asked an inference question and a judgement question, and will need to answer a total of five questions. It provides two sample exam questions and asks the reader to identify what type of question each one is.
Identifying different types of Germany Questions
This document provides a list of 20 questions about the rise of the Nazi party in Germany. The questions cover a variety of topics including the consequences of key events, how lives changed over time, analyzing sources, explaining plans and treaties, describing roles and changes over time, and judging arguments. The questions also involve different skills like inference, causation, consequences, roles, and making judgements.
Germany Technique Guide
This document provides guidance on answering different types of history exam questions, including:
1) Inference questions ask students to make an inference from a source and support it with two details from the source. Answers should begin with "This source suggests...".
2) 4-mark questions require students to support their point with several details from the source.
3) Causation, consequences, and role questions follow a similar structure - state the cause/consequence/role at the start of each paragraph and develop it thoroughly with 2-3 reasons for 9-12 mark questions.
4) Judgement questions require students to plan their answer first and write one paragraph on each of at least three bullet
Medicine Technique Guide
The document provides guidance on answering different types of exam questions including inference, causation, consequences, role, and judgement questions. It outlines the expected length and structure of responses, highlighting key elements to include such as stating the main point, supporting with details, and linking ideas. Students are advised to structure responses with multiple paragraphs or sections and use linking language to clearly show connections between ideas.
Extra Germany Questions- Life in Nazi Germany
The document provides discussion questions about various aspects of life in Nazi Germany between 1933 and 1945. The questions cover topics like how students and the White Rose Group opposed the Nazis, how education and the treatment of Jews changed over time, the roles of women and propaganda in Nazi Germany, and the consequences of events like the Night of the Long Knives. It also asks questions about the roles of Goebbels and the Nazi curriculum in schools, as well as judgments about the reasons for Nazi control and employment in Germany.
Medicine Role B
Aneurin Bevan played a key role in the creation of the NHS in 1948 as the Minister of Health. As Minister of Health, Bevan oversaw the establishment of the NHS and the nationalization of the hospitals in England and Wales. The document provides guidance on answering questions about historical figures or events by describing what happened and their impact in 1-3 sentences (Level 1), describing key details in 4-6 sentences (Level 2), or fully explaining their significance in 7-9 sentences (Level 3).
Medicine Role A
Elizabeth Garrett Anderson's success at qualifying as a doctor in 1865 significantly changed the role of women in medicine. As the first woman to gain a medical qualification in Britain, she paved the way for other women to enter the medical profession. Her achievement challenged the prevailing assumption that medicine was unsuitable for women and helped establish medicine as a viable career option for females. Over time, more women gained medical qualifications and joined the profession, expanding their opportunities and influence in the field of healthcare.
Medicine Judgement B
The document discusses factors that led the British government to pass the 1875 Public Health Act. It provides context about living standards in the 19th century, including the Great Stink of 1858 where pollution forced Parliament to leave London. It also mentions the publication of Germ Theory by Louis Pasteur in 1864 and requirements of the 1875 Act for local councils to provide clean water, sewers, and remove slums.
Medicine Judgement A
The passage discusses differences in public health provision between the 19th and 20th centuries in England. In the 19th century, the 1875 Public Health Act was passed. In the 20th century, a national vaccination program for diphtheria was introduced in 1941 and the National Health Service was established in 1948. Public health provision improved significantly from the 19th to the 20th century with the establishment of programs and services like vaccination and the National Health Service.
Medicine Inference A
From Sources A and B, we can learn the following about changes in nursing between the Middle Ages and the early 20th century:
1) In the Middle Ages, nursing was not considered a skilled profession and was often performed by housewives, as shown by the illustration in Source A.
2) By the early 20th century, nursing had become a trained and skilled profession, as the letter in Source B emphasizes that nurses are not inferior servants but trained workers.
3) Over time, the role and perception of nurses shifted from unskilled housework to an intelligent, trained medical profession working under doctors.
Medicine Consequences B
The discovery of DNA structure had major consequences for understanding and treating disease. It allowed scientists to determine the genetic basis of many diseases and develop new diagnostic tests and targeted therapies. Gene sequencing can now reveal disease-causing mutations and predispositions, aiding early detection and personalized treatment approaches. Understanding DNA also enabled the development of life-saving gene therapies and advanced cell therapies.
Medicine Consequences A
Vesalius was important in developing our understanding of human anatomy through his work on human dissection and publication of De Humani Corporis Fabrica. This challenged the anatomical beliefs of Galen and led to a more accurate description of human anatomy based on direct observation. It established anatomy as an empirical science and improved medical education and practice.
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Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
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clinical examination of hip joint (1).pdf
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BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH LỚP 9 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2024-2025 - ...
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https://app.box.com/s/tacvl9ekroe9hqupdnjruiypvm9rdaneChapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptx
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
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NEWSPAPERS - QUESTION 1 - REVISION POWERPOINT.pptx
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20th century medicine test
- 1. 20th century medicine test 1. Who came up with the idea of the NHS? 2. What was the name of the first magic bullet chemical drug? 3. In what year did Alexander Fleming discover penicillin? 4. Give two reasons why the NHS is so expensive today. 5. Name one of the people who wrote a study on poverty at the beginning of the 20th century. 6. Name one person other that Howard Florey and Ernst Chain who helped develop penicillin. 7. What product did the first sulphonamide drug come from? 8. Who opposed Aneurin Bevan when he tried to set up the NHS? 9. Name 3 acts of Parliament passed by the Liberal Government of 1906-1912 that helped the health of the public. 10. List 3 ways in which WW2 improved people’s public health. 11. Give 3 new developments in technology that improved medicine or surgery after WW2. 12. What were 2 items or services that ceased to be free on the NHS after 1951? 13. Why did people go back to relying on pharmacy advice rather than visiting the doctor in the 1930s? 14. How many years training must a doctor have had in 2000? 15. Name 3 types of alternative medicine available on the NHS today. 16. Name one immunisation other than diphtheria which was given free by the government in the 20th century and say which decade it occurred in. 17. Give one problem that has arisen with the development of penicillin. 18. Name one major pharmaceutical company in the UK. 19. Name one treatment that has not been a positive advancement in the 20th century. 20. Name one thing that WW1 gave to medicine (not surgery) in the 20th century.
- 2. 20th century medicine test 1. Who came up with the idea of the NHS? William Beveridge 2. What was the name of the first magic bullet chemical drug? Salvarsan 606 3. In what year did Alexander Fleming discover penicillin? 1928 4. Give two reasons why the NHS is so expensive today. Cost of drugs, complexity of illness, technology available for diagnosis and cure, aging population… 5. Name one of the people who wrote a study on poverty at the beginning of the 20th century. The Booths, Charles Booth, Seebohm Rowntree 6. Name one person other that Howard Florey and Ernst Chain who helped develop penicillin. Ethel Florey, Margaret Jennings, Norman Heatley 7. What product did the first sulphonamide drug come from? Prontosil dye 8. Who opposed Aneurin Bevan when he tried to set up the NHS? BMA 9. Name 3 acts of Parliament passed by the Liberal Government of 1906-1912 that helped the health of the public. Free School Meals, Children’s health check ups, children’s free treatments, pensions, National Insurance… 10. List 3 ways in which WW2 improved people’s public health. Rationing – better food, education through posters, free hospitals and treatments, diphtheria immunisation… 11. Give 3 new developments in technology that improved medicine or surgery after WW2. Fibre optic endoscope, CT scanner, MRI machine, computer… 12. What were 2 items or services that ceased to be free on the NHS after 1951? Dentists, opticians, prescriptions 13. Why did people go back to relying on pharmacy advice rather than visiting the doctor in the 1930s? Depression – couldn’t afford doctors 14. How many years training must a doctor have had in 2000? 7 years+ 15. Name 3 types of alternative medicine available on the NHS today. Acupuncture, homeopathy, hypnotism… 16. Name one immunisation other than diphtheria which was given free by the government in the 20th century and say which decade it occurred in. MMR – 1990s, polio – 1950s… 17. Give one problem that has arisen with the development of penicillin. Superbugs and resistance 18. Name one major pharmaceutical company in the UK. GlaxoSmithKline, Pfizer, Astra Zeneca, Merk & Co, Wyeth, Johnson & Johnson… 19. Name one treatment that has not been a positive advancement in the 20th century. Thalidomide 20. Name one thing that WW1 gave to medicine (not surgery) in the 20th century. Medical cards, doctors trained to use x-rays, blood storage/blood banks…