2025_09_Science-8-Quarter-2-Week-4.pptxx

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DAY 1:
DISCOVERY
AND
OCCURREN
CE OF
ELEMENTS

OBJECTIV
ES:
At the end of the lesson, the
students should be able to:
• Identify common elements
and their sources;

OBJECTIV
ES:
• express appreciation for
scientists’ contributions to
elemental discovery; and
• describe how elements
were discovered and where
they occur naturally.

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Most high and loving God,
We praise and exalt You above all, the source of wisdom, light,
and truth. Thank You for the blessing of this new day, for the
gift of learning, and for the opportunity to grow together. We
humbly ask You to open our hearts and minds. Guide our
teachers to teach and for us to learn with patience, clarity, and
joy. Help us to see each lesson as a chance to glorify You, and
to seek Your purpose in all we do. May this be a God-centered
learning journey, where knowledge deepens not only the mind
but also the soul.
In Jesus’ name we pray, Amen.

Education is the key to
unlock the golden door
of freedom.
QOUTE
of the
day

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MOTIVATIONAL
ACTIVITY:
Game Template:
“Okay na to Class Game”
(Please log in or register to download
FOR FREE)

Questions:
1.Discovered oxygen
2.A naturally occurring metal
3.Synthetic element discovered in a lab
4.Common element in water
5.Used in nuclear energy
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6. Invented the Periodic Table
7. Gas essential for life
8. Soft, shiny metal
9. Abundant element in the sun
10. Ancient Greek theory of elements
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✅ Answer Key:
1.Lavoisier
2.Gold
3.Californium
4.Oxygen
5.Uranium
6.Mendeleev
7.Oxygen
8.Sodium
9.Hydrogen
10.Earth, Air, Fire, Water
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DISCUSSI
ON:

Have you ever wondered
who discovered gold or
oxygen? Were they
invented or found in
nature?

Discovery and Occurrence of
Elements
• Early Theories: Ancient civilizations
believed in the four elements (earth,
air, fire, water).
• Modern Discovery: Scientists like
Lavoisier, Mendeleev, and others
isolated and named elements.

Discovery and Occurrence of
Elements
Sources of Elements:
• Natural occurrence: Found in Earth’s
crust (iron, aluminum, oxygen).
• Man-made (synthetic): Created in
laboratories (e.g., Californium).

🔍 Examples:
• Gold – found in rocks, rivers.
• Oxygen – abundant in air.
• Uranium – mined for nuclear
power.

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🔗
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ogpWoB4m-
Ns
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Watch
:

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assessment:

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# Question A B C D
1
Who is known as the “Father of
Modern Chemistry”?
Newton Darwin Lavoisier Mendeleev
2
What is the most abundant
element in the Earth’s crust?
Oxygen Iron Hydrogen Nitrogen
3 Which element is a metal? Oxygen Gold Chlorine Hydrogen
🔹 10 Multiple Choice:

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# Question A B C D
4
Which of the following is a
synthetic element?
Californi
um
Oxygen Gold Silver
5
Lavoisier is known for
identifying:
Helium Water Oxygen Gold
6 Mendeleev created: Atoms
Periodic
Table
Oxygen
Molec
ules

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# Question A B C D
7
What gas do humans need to
breathe?
Oxygen
Carbon
dioxide
Heliu
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Hydroge
n
8
Which element is found in
table salt?
Potassiu
m
Nitrogen
Calciu
m
Chlorine
9 Most elements are: Gases Liquids Solids Synthetic
10
Synthetic elements are made
in:
Oceans Mountains
Forest
s
Labs

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Answer key:
1.C
2.A
3.B
4.A
5.C
6.B
7.A
8.D
9.C
10.D

DAY 2:
COMPOUN
DS

OBJECTIV
ES:
1.Differentiate between
elements and compounds;

OBJECTIV
ES:
2. value the importance of
compounds in daily life; and
3. construct a visual chart of
common compounds.

The more you learn, the
more you grow.
QOUTE
of the
day

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MOTIVATIONAL
ACTIVITY:
“Would You Eat This?”

️
🛠️Materials:
• Flashcards or digital slides with combinations
of element names, pictures, and the compound
they form
• Sample pairs (with images):
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• Sodium (Na) – a reactive metal 🔥
• Chlorine (Cl) – a poisonous green gas ☠️
⚬ 👉 Together they make: Table Salt (NaCl) 🧂
• Hydrogen (H) – explosive gas 💥
• Oxygen (O) – supports burning 🔥
⚬ 👉 Together they make: Water (H₂O) 💧
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🧩 Instructions:
1. Present the flashcards/slides one pair at a time.
2. For each, ask the class:
“
❓ Would you put this in your mouth?” or “Would
you touch this?”
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3. Once students respond (usually with a “No!”),
reveal what compound they form and show a
picture of the common product.
4. After 3–4 pairs, ask:
💬 “What do you notice about how elements behave
once they form compounds?”
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💬 Guide Questions:
1.What surprised you the most?
2.Why do you think compounds are important in
our daily life?
3.Can something dangerous become helpful?
Why or why not?
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💡 Scenario:
Have you ever used salt?
What if I told you it's made of
a metal and a poisonous gas?

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Compoun
ds
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Watch
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• A compound is a substance made when
two or more elements combine
chemically.
⚬ Fixed ratio of elements (e.g., H₂O – 2
hydrogen, 1 oxygen)
⚬ Properties change when elements
form compounds (e.g., Sodium is
reactive, Chlorine is toxic, but NaCl is
edible!)

Examples:
• Water (H₂O)
• Table Salt (NaCl)
• Carbon dioxide (CO₂)

Comparison with elements:
• Elements = pure, Compounds =
mixed but fixed.

Aspect Element Compound
Definition
A pure substance made
up of only one kind of
atom.
A substance made by
chemically combining two
or more different elements.
Compositio
n
Contains a single type of
atom.
Contains atoms of two or
more elements bonded
together.
🧪 DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
ELEMENTS AND COMPOUNDS

Examples
Oxygen (O), Gold (Au),
Iron (Fe), Hydrogen (H)
Water (H₂O), Carbon dioxide
(CO₂), Table salt (NaCl),
Sugar (C₆H₁₂O₆)
Can be
broken
down?
No. It cannot be broken
into simpler substances by
chemical means.
Yes. It can be broken into
simpler substances (its
elements).

Appearance
Usually appears as a
metal, non-metal, or gas.
Can look very different from
the elements it’s made of.
In the
Periodic
Table?
All elements are found in
the Periodic Table of
Elements.
Compounds are not listed in
the periodic table.

ACTIVIT
Y
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)
)
)
)
)
)
)
]
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
"Compound Scavenger Hunt"
🧠 INDIVIDUAL ACTIVITY:
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1.Students list 5 items they use daily (e.g.,
toothpaste, soap, soda).
2.Research the compounds present in them.
3.Draw and label the chemical formula of at least 3
compounds.
4.Write 2–3 sentences explaining its use.
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Criteria 4 - Excellent
3 -
Proficient
2 -
Developing
1 -
Beginning
List of
Daily Items
(5 items)
5 relevant items
clearly listed
with appropriate
examples
4 relevant
items listed
2–3 items
listed, some
may be off-
topic
Fewer than 2
items listed
or mostly
irrelevant
🧪 Rubric: Compound Scavenger Hunt (Individual
Activity)

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Criteria 4 - Excellent 3 - Proficient
2 -
Developing
1 -
Beginning
Research
of
Compoun
ds
Accurately
identified
compounds for
all 5 items with
clear
explanations
Identified
compounds
for 4 items
with mostly
correct
explanations
2–3 items with
partial or
unclear
compound
information
0–1
compound
identified or
mostly
incorrect

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Criteria 4 - Excellent 3 - Proficient 2 - Developing 1 - Beginning
Chemical
Formulas (3
compounds)
All 3 formulas
correctly drawn,
labeled, and neat
2 formulas
correct with
minor errors or
labeling
1 formula
attempted or
multiple errors
in structure
No correct
formulas or
none
submitted
Usage
Explanation
(2–3
sentences)
Clear, concise,
and scientifically
accurate
explanation for all
compounds
Explanations
provided with
minor
inaccuracies or
lack detail
Explanations are
vague, too
short, or have
major scientific
errors
No
explanation or
unrelated/inac
curate
information

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Criteria 4 - Excellent 3 - Proficient 2 - Developing 1 - Beginning
Neatness
and
Organizatio
n
Exceptionally
neat, organized,
and easy to
understand
Mostly neat and
understandable
Some effort
evident, but
presentation is
cluttered or hard
to follow
Poorly
organized and
difficult to read
Grammar &
Sentence
Constructio
n
No
grammar/spellin
g mistakes;
sentences are
well-structured
Few
grammar/spellin
g errors; ideas
are clearly
expressed
Several
grammar/spellin
g issues;
sentence clarity
affected
Numerous
errors interfere
with
understanding

Scoring Guide
• 24–21 points – Outstanding (A)
• 20–17 points – Satisfactory (B)
• 16–13 points – Needs Improvement (C)
• 12 and below – Incomplete/Redo Required
(D/F)
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DAY
3:

OBJECTIV
ES:
1.Define molecules and
explain how they differ from
compounds;
2.show interest in exploring
molecular science; and

OBJECTIV
ES:
3. construct a 3D physical
model of a molecule using
appropriate materials (e.g.,
beads, strings, clay) that
visually represents atoms and
bonds correctly.

Knowledge is power.
QOUTE
of the
day

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MOTIVATIONAL
ACTIVITY:

🎵 "Molecule Song" (Tune: Twinkle, Twinkle,
Little Star)
Molecules are really small,
Tiny parts that form us all.
Atoms joining hand in hand,
Making things across the land.
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Water’s H and O combine,
Salt has Na and Cl in line.
They’re not just floating in the air—
They form the stuff that's everywhere!
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If you take a closer peek,
Molecules are what you seek!
In your food and in your skin,
They’re the parts that lie within.
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So remember, big or small,
Molecules are part of all.
Atoms bonded, strong and true,
Making things like me and you!
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What Is a Molecul
e?
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Watch
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Types:
• Elemental Molecule: O₂
(oxygen gas)
• Compound Molecule:
H₂O (water)
Bonding: Atoms bond using shared
electrons (covalent bonds).

Examples:
• Water (H₂O)
• Oxygen gas (O₂)
• Carbon dioxide (CO₂)
• Glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆)

)
)
)
)
)
)
)
]
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
“Molecule Models”
‍
‍
‍GROUP ACTIVITY:
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Materials: Colored beads, strings, or clay.
Instructions:
1.Each group chooses a common molecule.
2.Create a physical model showing correct atoms
and bonds.
3.Present and explain:
⚬ Type of molecule (elemental/compound)
⚬ Real-world example/use
⚬ Number of atoms
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Criteria 4 – Excellent 3 – Good
2 –
Satisfactory
1 – Needs
Improvement
Model
Accuracy
Model shows all
atoms and
bonds correctly,
follows scientific
structure.
Model shows
most atoms
and bonds
correctly,
minor errors
in structure.
Model shows
some correct
atoms/bonds,
but has
multiple
scientific
errors.
Model is largely
inaccurate or
shows no
understanding
of structure.
Rubric: Molecule Models Group Activity

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2 –
Satisfactory
1 – Needs
Improvement
Type of
Molecule
Identified
Clearly identifies
correct type
(elemental/com
pound) with
explanation.
Identifies
correct type
with brief
explanation.
Type
identified but
incomplete or
unclear
explanation.
Type not
identified or
explanation is
missing/incorre
ct.

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2 –
Satisfactory
1 – Needs
Improvement
Real-
World
Example/
Use
Provides a
realistic and
relevant
example of the
molecule’s use.
Provides an
example,
mostly
relevant and
accurate.
Example is
vague or not
clearly
connected to
molecule.
No example
given or
example is
inappropriate/i
naccurate.

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2 –
Satisfactory
1 – Needs
Improvement
Number
of Atoms
Labeled
All atoms
correctly
labeled; model
clearly shows
quantity and
types.
Most atoms
are labeled;
minor
labeling
mistakes.
Some atoms
labeled but
unclear or
incorrect.
Atoms not
labeled or
labeling very
inaccurate.

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2 –
Satisfactory
1 – Needs
Improvement
Creativity
& Effort
Model is visually
appealing,
organized, and
shows high
effort.
Model is neat
and shows
good effort.
Model is basic,
shows some
effort, but
lacks
creativity.
Model is messy,
rushed, or
shows minimal
effort.

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2 –
Satisfactory
1 – Needs
Improvement
Team
Participati
on
All members
contributed
actively;
collaboration is
evident.
Most
members
contributed;
team worked
well together.
Uneven
participation;
some
members less
involved.
Teamwork was
poor or uneven,
one person
dominated or
did most.

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2 –
Satisfactory
1 – Needs
Improvement
Presentati
on Clarity
Presentation is
clear, confident,
and well-
structured with
scientific
language.
Presentation
is clear, some
use of
scientific
terms.
Presentation
is somewhat
unclear or
lacks scientific
vocabulary.
Presentation is
unclear,
disorganized,
or missing key
points.

Total Points:
Maximum = 28 points
(7 criteria × 4 points)
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Grading Scale:
• 25–28 points: Outstanding
• 21–24 points: Very Good
• 16–20 points: Satisfactory
• Below 16 points: Needs Improvement
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📅 DAY 4: Long test

Keep learning, keep rising.
QOUTE
of the
day

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I.Multiple Choice (10 items)
Choose the letter of the correct answer.
1.Which of the following is an example of an element?
a. Water
b. Oxygen
c. Salt
d. Carbon dioxide

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2. What do atoms form when they chemically combine?
a. Molecules
b. Mixtures
c. Elements
d. Protons

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3. Which of the following is a compound?
a. H
b. H₂O
C. O
d. N

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4. The smallest particle of an element is called:
a. Atom
b. Cell
c. Electron
d. Neutron

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5. Which is true about compounds?
a. Can be separated physically
b. Are made of only one type of atom
c. Are found only in laboratories
d. Have properties different from the elements that
form them

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6. Which element is a gas at room temperature?
a. Iron
b. Oxygen
c. Mercury
d. Copper

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7. Water (H₂O) is an example of a:
a. Molecule only
b. Compound only
c. Both molecule and compound
d. Element

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8. What makes a molecule different from an atom?
a. Molecules are made up of atoms
b. Molecules are only gases
c. Molecules are smaller
d. Atoms are made up of molecules

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9. Which of the following is a molecule?
a. Na
b. Cl
c. O₂
d. Fe

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10. Which of the following is not an element?
a. Carbon
b. Sodium
c. Hydrogen
d. Sugar

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II.True or False (10 items)
Write True if the statement is correct and False if it is
not.
1.Molecules are formed when two or more atoms
bond together.
2.Compounds can be separated using magnets.
3.Hydrogen and oxygen are elements.
4.H₂O is made of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen
atom.

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6. Compounds have properties different from the
elements that form them.
7. The periodic table contains both elements and
compounds.
8. Atoms are smaller than molecules.
9. A molecule can contain atoms of only one element.
10. Carbon dioxide is a compound made of carbon and
nitrogen.

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III. Identification (10 items)
Write the correct word based on the description.
1.Smallest unit of an element
2.Substance made of two or more elements chemically
combined
3.Pure substance consisting of only one type of atom
4.Two atoms of oxygen bonded together
5.Table organizing all known elements

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6. Chemical symbol for water
7. The bond that joins atoms in a molecule
8. Element we breathe in for survival
9. Compound made of sodium and chlorine
10. Group of atoms bonded together

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Column A Column B
1. Water a. O₂
2. Element b. Two atoms
3. Molecule c. H₂O
4. Carbon Dioxide d. CO₂
5. Oxygen e. One type of atom
IV. Matching Type (5 items)
Match Column A with Column B.

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✅ Answer Key
I. Multiple
Choice
1. b
2. a
3. b
4. a
5. d
6. b
7. c
8. a
9. c
10. d
II.True or False:
1.True
2.False
3.True
4.True
5.False
6.True
7.False
8.True
9.True
10.False

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III.Identificatio
n:
1.Atom
2.Compound
3.Element
4.Molecule
5.Periodic
Table
6.H₂O
7.Chemical
Bond
8.Oxygen
IV. Matching Type:
1–c, 2–e, 3–b, 4–d, 5–a

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REFERENCES
• FuseSchool – Global Education. (2018, March 6). What is an atom? |
Chemistry for all | FuseSchool [Video]. YouTube.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ogpWoB4m-Ns
• Amoeba Sisters. (2017, March 5). Elements, compounds, and
mixtures [Video]. YouTube.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JNz0SU4NMLg
• It's AumSum Time. (2015, December 29). What is a molecule?
[Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C0Qaf-UJ2XQ

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2025_09_Science-8-Quarter-2-Week-4.pptxx

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