Industry 4.0 refers to the current trend of automation and data exchange in manufacturing technologies. It involves technologies like cyber-physical systems, the internet of things, cloud computing and cognitive computing. The document discusses the history and phases of previous industrial revolutions and how Industry 4.0 differs. It outlines benefits like higher productivity and improved quality of life but also challenges such as potential inequality and cybersecurity risks. Overall, Industry 4.0 can increase business success if companies thoughtfully consider its pros and cons for their specific needs.

1. Running Head: Industry 4.0 1
Industry 4.0
By
[Name of Student]
August 2, 2021

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Introduction
Industry 4.0 technologies have been developed, and the manufacturing process has become
significantly more productive and efficient than the other systems. Industry 4.0 is defined as the
next revolution, and therefore, it is also known as the 4rth industrial revolution. It has been
determined from the analysis that industry 4.0 is driven with the help of different numbers of
current developments and innovations that lead to the production of technologies. The
manufacturing process related to early adopters can make unparalleled gains in the productivity
of the manufacturing, quality, and efficiency.
The Internet of Things is the technology created with the help of cloud connectivity whose
purpose is to attach the endpoint devices. Some other positive points of this technology are that
they enhance the organisation's performance in automation control systems and for human
interfaces, e.g. computer dashboards, and mobile devices. There is no doubt that IoT
developments are focusing the interest of the consumers, e.g. the Ring doorbell camera, Nest
thermostat, and a high number of IoT implementations. The focus of the industries in IoT
products and solutions fall in the category of the IIoT, or the Industrial Internet of Things.
Moreover, IIoT technologies such as Industry 4.0 is also found as driven the recent development,
e.g. VR gear gives a chance for the improvement of efficiency increasing applications, e.g. JIT
training of the new methods, processes or quick access to diagrams and manuals for the
machinery troubleshooting (Dalenogare, 2018).
CoBots, Drones, Mobile Computing and the capability to use cloud applications on a larger scale
are also considered important advances in Industry 4.0. The example of cloud computing that has

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advanced the system of the industries and organizations is following, which showed the
importance of this system.
URL: https://medium.com/world-of-iot/tagged/cloud-computing
There are different benefits of Industry 4.0, from which one of the most significant benefits is
that the method that manufacturers are using for operating and the way that operation managers
are using for making products and services have become advanced. The research has claimed
that the advanced systems have taken old manual methods due to different pros of advanced
systems. The old manual methods that the organizations were using to measure performance are
not found as competitive. The process of automation within the industry has become increased,
due to which the speed of the operation has also been reduced. As a result, previous methods of
manufacturing have been quickly become efficient. For staying up to date, the equipment is not

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more equipped and linked with the smart sensor. These sensors help the organizations collect the
data for analysis of trends and real-time at the same time (Frank, 2019).
Therefore, organizations become able to make decisions faster, and risks have been proactively
managed with the help of manufacturing technologies. This technology is also helping different
operations managers to continue the implementation of past process improvement technologies.
Still, it has been found that insights into these technologies are faster than previous methods. The
efficiency can be increased due to giving concentration to manufacturing because Industry 4.0
also allows the organizations to reduce the waste and cost of the products for making
manufacturing organizations competitive.
It has also been found from the analysis that opinions on the advanced technology of Industry 4.0
had become changed efficiently from the time when this process was initially used in 2011. The
study was conducted in 2014 to determined the use and importance of Industry 4.0 in
organizations so that other businesses can also focus on these methods. The study has revealed
that all the respondents have not believed that their industry was ready to implement Industry 4.0
in their workplace. Most of the respondents have also claimed that the researchers and
developers have not done the work related to the development work, due to which they were not
able to use this advanced technology.
After two years of the study in 2016, the Survey has been conducted by PwC’s known as “PwC’s
2016 Global Industry 4.0 Survey”. It was concluded in the study that the investments in the
Industry 4.0 were efficient. Lastly, the researchers have also invested time and money to
determine the implementation of Industry 4.0 in their organization. It has been found that the
implementation of technologies related to Industry 4.0 has become major demand and need of

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the business. Moreover, they have also claimed that it is their priority to implement certain
technologies of Industry 4.0 to gain competitive advantages that have become a major concern of
all the organizations.
In the recent era, the manufacturers and managers are going all-in on Industry 4.0. It gives
facility to the organization to significantly and rapidly decrease the cost of the manufacturing
process by increasing efficiency, stretching resources and working proactively. Industry 4.0 is
being resulted in an incredible jump in value creation and operational efficiency. Some other
benefits of the adoption of different IoT related devices are linked with cloud analytics. It is
found that this advancement is enhancing the process of automation of the manufacturing
process, decreasing the amount of waste, and enhancing the competence in more factories
because Industry 4.0 has become more widely used (Bai, 2020).
Four Industrial Revolutions
URL: https://jttech.com.my/Industry-4-0/

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Phases of Earlier 3 Industrial Revolutions
Three phases of the earlier 3 Industrial Revolution are following.
1. INDUSTRY 1 (1760-1840)
2. INDUSTRY 2 (1870-1914)
3. INDUSTRY 3 (1950-1970)
INDUSTRY 1 (1760-1840)
This phase included moving from the manual production of the products and services to the use
of steam-powered engines and also water for getting power. It was found in this phase that these
two things are the major sources of power. This process assists agriculture efficiently, due to
which the term factor has become more popular throughout the world. Different industries have
gained a lot of benefits from this development. One of the most common examples is the textile
industry because this industry has adopted and accepted this method more readily than the other
industries.
INDUSTRY 2 (1870-1914)
In this phase, the researchers introduced the pre-existing systems, e.g. railroads and telegraphs,
into the industries. Some of the studies have found that the significant characteristics of that
period were introducing the mass products as initial means to the production in general. The
electrification of the factories is playing an important role in increasing the production rates. The
production of steel also assists the industries in introducing railways into the system, resulting in
mass production. Innovation has also been done in chemistry, such as the invention of the
synthetic dye was also developed by this technology (Javaid, 2020).

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INDUSTRY 3 (1950-1970)
At the time of 1950-1970, the manufacturers become able to experience the shift that gives
importance to analogue and mechanical technology. Furthermore, digital technology has also
become increased, and most of the software has become automated. Different organizations are
motivating their manufacturers to implement these technologies so that they can get competitive
advantages efficiently.
Pros and Cons of Industry 4.0
Today is the era of technology. Therefore, it has become important for organizations to
implement such strategies that can enhance the manufacturer's performance and speed up the
processes to increase the rate of production. There are different benefits of implementing
developments of Industry 4.0, due to which most of the organizations have implemented these
systems. There are also some cons of this system and benefits that are also discussed in this
report so that the organizations can assess the importance of implementing these systems within
their workplace (Chiarello, 2018).
Organizations need to continue their business by keeping in mind the pros and cons of the
implementation of Industry 4.0 to take more positive effects. Different examples have shown that
there are more pros of this system, but it is also important for organizations to determine the cons
and the pros to get more efficient results.

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The Pros of Industry 4.0
There are different benefits of implementing the Industry 4.0 revolution, from which some of
them are stated below.
 Higher Productivity
 Improved Quality of Life
 New Market
 Lesser Barriers to the Entrepreneurship
Higher Productivity
The process of production of the organizations has become improved with the industrial
revolution. It has been determined from the analysis that the productivity of all the industrial eras
has become 50 times more productive. For the next 5-10 years, it has been estimated by the
researchers that the productivity of the organizations that have implementing Industry 4.0 would
become increased by almost 5-8%. This pro mainly occurred due to the increased automation
rate in most of the software used in the workplace.
Improved Quality of Life
The organizations become able to make new products and services that can also increase the
pleasure and efficiency of the personal lives. Bernard Ford that is CEO of one channel has
exemplified this process by monitoring and assessing how ordering the cab, purchasing the
product, booking the flight, listening to the music, making the payment, watching the film,
controlling the temperature and light in the home, and playing the game can be controlled by the
help of remote. There is no doubt that developers would become able to innovate automatic cars,

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and some researchers have already found this technology (Sony, 2020). Thus it has become clear
that the organizations are trying to make the life of people easy and better by introducing
different products and services along with time.
New Market
Some researchers have mentioned that the fusion of the technology that is also involved in
blurring the lines between digital, physical, and biological spheres would create growth
opportunities and new markets. This process would help the organizations in getting
improvements in different fields. These fields were also become separated in the past to make
new markets or develop new services for the betterment of the people. Thus it has become clear
that not only number of knowledge workers would become increased, but the knowledge among
the workers would also be enhanced. This knowledge would help them enter the new fields
needed to become innovated in the next era.
Lesser Barriers to the Entrepreneurship
It can easily be found that the rate of barriers has become reduced due to introducing new
technologies, e.g. 3D printing of the prototyping. The barriers have become reduced for both
inventors and markets. The entrepreneurs are now able to start their organizations and also test
different products with less cost. Moreover, they can complete their project in less time and
money. It has been found that people are starting their business with lower start-up costs with the
previous cost and time constraints that encountered the people. The reduction of overall barriers
to businesses has motivated people to start their businesses. As a result, the number of
organizations has become increased, due to which the economic condition of the countries has
also become enhanced efficiently (Shamim, 2016).

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Cons of Industry 4.0
Some cons of implementing Industry 4.0 are following
 Inequality
 Cyber-security risk
 Core industry disruptions
 Ethical issues
Inequality
It has been found that organizations with more budgets can gain more benefits because they can
easily implement these technologies. Therefore, the chances of success are also high for those
organizations that are the major cons of this technology. The organizations that are working on
less scale have to make more effort to attract the customers and meet the customers' demands and
needs because large-scale organizations can manufacture similar products on a lesser budget.
The technology that is being implemented is the major reason why the employees' incomes have
stagnated or decreased for major people in high income or highly developed countries. The
demand and need for highly skilled and educated employees have become increased.
On the other hand, the employees' demand for workers with lower skills and less education has
become decreased. This process has created a major thin line between the workers, and the rate
of conflict has become increased in the community. Furthermore, it has been found that this
process is being resulted in losses of a potential job. The developing countries facing some
infrastructure and technological challenges cannot easily reduce these challenges and become
able to get significant benefits of these technologies related to Industry 4.0 (Kholodilin, 2016).

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Cyber-security risk
The research has claimed that the chances of hacking of data and tempering have increased along
with the increased use of the internet. The hackers can easily hack the data and spread the
sensitive information of the organization. As a result, the chances of failure become increased.
Different organizations are dealing with the challenge of leaking of privacy and identity of the
customers, due to which the rate of conflicts among employees and organizations has also
become increased within the workplace.
Core industry disruptions
The customers are ignoring some different previous organizations and industries due to the
invention of new systems. It has been found that Lyft and Uber are replacing the industry of
Taxi. One other example of these cons is the increased use of Netflix, Amazon and Youtube
instead of traditional televisions.
Ethical issues
Some organizations are also dealing with ethical issues because they have implemented them in
their entire software. The hackers can get easy access to all kinds of information and get the
information or data about people within the workplace or a single individual. The chances of
personal gain and also manipulation have also become increased because it has been found that
hackers are involved in harassing people by getting their data from the computers or systems of
the organizations (Ibrahim, 2019).

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Conclusion
Thus it has become conclude from the analysis that the rate of success of the organizations has
increased due to the implementation of Industry 4.0. Different technologies have become
developed after introducing this system, and businesses are getting benefits from this system.
There are certain cons and pros of the system. Therefore, organizations need to make effective
decisions about the implementation of the new system.

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References
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contribution of Industry 4.0 technologies for industrial performance. International Journal
of Production Economics, 204, 383-394.
Frank, A. G., Dalenogare, L. S., & Ayala, N. F. (2019). Industry 4.0 technologies:
Implementation patterns in manufacturing companies. International Journal of Production
Economics, 210, 15-26.
Bai, C., Dallasega, P., Orzes, G., & Sarkis, J. (2020). Industry 4.0 technologies assessment: A
sustainability perspective. International journal of production economics, 229, 107776.
Javaid, M., Haleem, A., Vaishya, R., Bahl, S., Suman, R., & Vaish, A. (2020). Industry 4.0
technologies and their applications in fighting COVID-19 pandemic. Diabetes &
Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews, 14(4), 419-422.
Chiarello, F., Trivelli, L., Bonaccorsi, A., & Fantoni, G. (2018). Extracting and mapping industry
4.0 technologies using wikipedia. Computers in Industry, 100, 244-257.
Sony, M. (2020). Pros and cons of implementing Industry 4.0 for the organizations: a review and
synthesis of evidence. Production & Manufacturing Research, 8(1), 244-272.
Shamim, S., Cang, S., Yu, H., & Li, Y. (2016, July). Management approaches for Industry 4.0: A
human resource management perspective. In 2016 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary
Computation (CEC) (pp. 5309-5316). IEEE.

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Kholodilin, I. Y. U., Nesterov, A. S., Shishkov, A. N., & Sokhina, A. V. (2016). INDUSTRY
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века (pp. 270-275).
Ibrahim, W. M. R. W., & Hassan, R. (2019). Recruitment Trends In The Era Of Industry 4.0
Using Artificial Intelligence: Pro And Cons. Asian Journal of Research in Business and
Management, 1(1), 16-21.